Rising trend of allergic rhinitis prevalence among Turkish schoolchildren

Objectives

To assess the time trends and possible risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from Denizli, Turkey.

Method

Two identical cross-sectional surveys were performed in the 13- to 14-yr age group at intervals of six years using ISAAC questionnaire. Possible risk factors were also asked and the children completed questionnaires by self.

Results

A total of 4078 children (response rate 75%) in the 2008 and 3004 children (response rate, 93.8%) in 2002 were included. The lifetime prevalence of rhinitis, 12-month prevalence of rhinitis, prevalence of associated itchy eye in the previous 12 months and doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis prevalence were increased from 34.2% to 49.4% (POR = 1.87, 95% CI = 47.8–50.9 and p ≤ 0.001), from 23.5.0% to 32.9% (POR = 1.59, 95% CI = 31.4–34.3 and p ≤ 0.001), from 9.6% to 14.9% (POR = 1.64, 95% CI = 13.8–16.0 and p ≤ 0.001), and from 4.3% to 7% (POR = 1.67, 95% CI = 6.2–7.8 and p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Severe interference with daily activity in the previous 12 months did not change. In multivariate analysis, history of family atopy, stuffed toys, high annual family income, presence of allergy in mother, father and accompaniment of children to their parents after school hours in textile industry were found as risk factors in 2008 study.

Conclusion

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased significantly in 2008. Family history of atopy, stuffed toys, high annual family income and accompaniment of children to their parents in textile industry were found as risk factors for doctor diagnosed allergic rhinitis.     

太原市迎泽区10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎自报患病率调查分析

目的调查太原市迎泽区10-11岁儿童变应性鼻炎自报患病率并分析其相关危险因素。方法参照国际相关资料,自行设计调查问卷,随机抽取太原市迎泽区3所小学10-11岁小学生为研究对象,进行流行病学调查。所有调查数据录入Epidata,用SPSS软件进行统计分析,筛选变应性鼻炎自报阳性儿童,进行相关因素分析。结果共发放问卷800份,回收有效问卷752份。太原市10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎自报患病率为22．61％（170厅52）,其中男26．5％（90／339）,女19．4％（80／413）,有统计学差异。在变应性鼻炎的危险因素中,是否足月出生、母乳喂养时间、居住环境、家族过敏史可能与变应性鼻炎有一定相关性。结论初步了解太原市10～11岁儿童变应性鼻炎的流行现状,为变应性鼻炎的防治及公共卫生政策的制订提供流行病学依据。     

儿童青少年常年性变应性鼻炎的流行现状

目的 为观察儿童青少年常年性变应性鼻炎的流行现状,自１９９５年超对江苏省大、中、小学学生进行流行病学调查。方法 调查方法包括问卷调查、鼻腔检查及变应原（屋尘、尘螨）皮肤划痕试验。结果 屋尘、尘螨的致敏率分别为２２．９％和２８．８％,两种变应原同时致敏占１９．１％,至少一种致敏占３２．６％。变应原致敏率随年龄增长而上升（Ｐ〈０．００１）;变应性鼻炎患病率为１．８％,各年龄组间无统计学差异（Ｐ〉０．     

Effects of dietary habits and risk factors on allergic rhinitis prevalence among Turkish adolescents

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem affecting many people from childhood to adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AR and related symptoms, and to assess the risk factors, dietary habits and the Mediterranean diet affecting AR.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study design, 9991 children, aged 13–14 years in 61 primary schools in 32 districts of Istanbul were evaluated. The prevalence of AR symptoms among the children was evaluated using the ISAAC protocol.

Results

In our study, total of 10,984 questionnaires were distributed to 13–14 yr-old schoolchildren to 61 schools in 32 district of Istanbul and 9991 questionnaires were suitable for analysis with an overall response of 91.7%. The rates of lifetime rhinitis, rhinitis in last 12 months and lifetime doctor diagnosed AR prevalence were 53.5%, 38.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The variation among districts in the prevalence of doctor diagnosed AR was very high. The highest prevalence was about 10 times higher than in the district with the lowest prevalence (range: 1.4–14.5) of Istanbul.A family history of atopy, mother with a university degree, presence of cat at home during last 12 months and adenoidectomy were significant for increased doctor diagnosed AR risk. Additionally, although fish and other sea foods, fermented drinks made from millets and various seeds, animal fats and butter were independent risk factors for doctor diagnosed AR, fish oil and hamburger were protective foods for doctor diagnosed AR. The MD was not associated with the prevalence of doctor diagnosed AR.

Conclusions

This study shows that that there are wide variations for the prevalence of AR related symptoms in 13–14 yr-old schoolchildren among districts of Istanbul in Turkey. Socio-economical, environmental factors, some dietary habits, but not Mediterranean diet may affect the prevalence of AR.     

深圳市宝安区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原谱分析

目的调查深圳市宝安区变应性鼻炎患者常见变应原的分布情况。方法以650例疑似变应性鼻炎的4～14岁患儿为研究对象,进行13种吸入性变应原皮肤点刺试验和体外过敏原特异性IgE（SIgE）检测,测定致敏变应原。结果 650例疑似变应性鼻炎中451例（69.4%）符合条件的变应性鼻炎变应原测试有阳性反应。单种变应原阳性37例,2种以上变应原阳性414例;以吸入性变应原为主,其中43例有哮喘病史。451例阳性病例中屋尘螨阳性率最高,为390例（86.5%）;其次是粉尘螨346例（76.7%）。血清IgE检测中阳性率达到83.3%,其中4～7岁组患儿皮肤变应原点刺试验阳性率达90.8%,血清IgE检测为87.3%,而且主要要以屋尘螨、粉尘螨为主,全蛋和牛奶的比例显著增加,8～14岁患儿分别为69.6%和78.1%。结论变应性鼻炎是哮喘发生的危险因素之一,屋尘螨、粉尘螨是深圳宝安地区儿童变应性鼻炎的最常见变应原,应作为该地区儿童变应性鼻炎防治的重点。     

上海宝山地区儿童变应性鼻炎患病率调查

目的 调查上海市宝山区7～12岁儿童变应性鼻炎自报患病率并分析其相关危险因素.方法 2010年3～6月,选择宝山区5所小学-～五年级(7～12岁)学生为研究对象,设计"宝山区儿童变应性鼻炎问卷调查表",进行流行病学调查.对结果进行统计学处理.结果 发放问卷总数为3046份,回收2464份,应答率80.9%,有效问卷2313份.宝山区7～12岁儿童变应性鼻炎自诉现患率为23.9%(553/2313),其中男26.1%(314/1203),女21.5%(239/1110),有统计学意义(X<'2>=6.627,P<0.01).自报患病率随年龄增长而上升.在变应性鼻炎的危险因素中,被动吸烟、家养宠物、居住环境、湿疹史,个人过敏史、家族过敏史可能与变应性鼻炎有一定相关性.结论 宝山区7～12岁儿童变应性鼻炎自报现患率为23.9%.初步了解宝山区变应性鼻炎流行病现状,为上海变应性鼻炎防治提供参考.     

变应性鼻炎与哮喘及特应性皮炎相关性分析

目的 在获取我国北方不同地区变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患病率的基础上,分析AR患病与哮喘(bronchial asthma,BA)和特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)间的相关性及相互影响,为防治AR等变应性疾病提供参考.方法 自2007年4月至2010年5月,通过随机整群和多级抽样,抽取河北省沧州市农村、渤海湾黄骅市沿海渔村、承德市雾灵山区、天津市区内的人群共计1524人,采用面对面直接人户调查并结合血清特异性IgE( specific IgE,slgE)检测结果,获得AR、BA及AD患病与年龄、职业、特应性体质、烟酒嗜好等指标的关系,同时通过相关性的单因素分析和多因素的Logistic回归分析方法,探讨3种变应性疾病间的相关性.结果 我国北方地区AR、BA、AD患病率分别为9.1％、5.4％、6.0％.在AR患者中BA、AD患病率分别为30.9％、29.5％,在无AR人群中BA、AD患病率分别为2.9％、3.7％,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为192.97、148.40,P值均＜0.01).多因素的Logistic回归分析显示,有BA者患AR的风险是无BA者的8.619倍;有AD患者患AR的风险是无AD者的1.817倍.务工者患AR的风险是务农者的2.320倍.生活居住地变迁患AR仅为无变迁者的0.353倍.结论 AR、BA及AD患病存在相关性,BA与AR的关联强度大于AD与AR的关联强度.     

变应性鼻炎患病率及相关因素调查

目的 通过对变应性鼻炎(alkrgic rhinitis,AR)流行病学之大样本的调查,获得以农村为主的AR的患病率及相关患病因素.方法 2007年4月至2009年5月在河北省沧州市农村、渤海湾黄骅市沿海渔村、承德市雾灵山区、天津市区分别以行政乡、村和街道、居民小区等为单位,按行政乡、村和街道、居民小区名册通过随机多级抽样和整群抽样抽取调查对象.然后按住户自然顺序,逐一入户直接调查.同时按照自然数排序全部受调查人群,对每逢个位数0、1、5的受调查者抽取3～5 ml静脉血,由实验室专职人员做血清特异性IgE(specific IgE,sIgE)检测.采用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析.结果 本次流行病学调查对象共抽取5010人,其中有鼻变应性症状或体征者823例(16.4%).进行血清sIgE检测1576例,阳性402例(25.5%),其中146例合并有鼻变应性症状或体征者确诊为AR,AR的患病率为9.3%(146/1576).不同年龄、职业、特应性体质以及有无鼻部变应性症状人群之间sIgE检测阳性率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为7.96、9.73、16.53、8.95,P值均＜0.05).AR与支气管哮喘的发生呈正相关(回归系数β=2.544,P＜0.01).农村最常见的变应原为狗上皮、猫上皮,城市最常见的变应原为屋尘螨、粉尘螨.结论 AR的患病率无论在城市还是在农村都比较高,应受到重视.AR的发生与特应性体质、环境因素等有关.

Abstract：

Objective To obtain the prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis (AR) and other allergic diseases in rural area in China through epidemiological investigation with large sample and multi-faceted survey data. Methods Face to face survey was conducted in different regions( rural areas of Cangzhou, Hebei, coastal fishing village of Bohai Bay, area of Wuling Mountain, Chengde, urban areas of Tianjin) from April 2007 to May 2009. In the same time, serum specific IgE(sIgE) was detected in the digits of every 0, 1or 5 in them. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Five thousand and ten cases were investigated. There were 823 cases with the symptoms or signs of AR ( 16. 4% ). Four hundred and two cases were found to have positive serum sIgE antibody in 1576 detected cases(25.5% ).One hundred and fourty-six cases with nasal allergic symptoms or signs were diagnosed as AR. The incidence of AR was 9. 3% ( 146/1576 ). The occurrence of allergic symptoms or signs had a significant statistical difference with factors such as age, occupation, atopic constitution ( x2 value were 7. 96, 9. 73, 16. 53,8.95 respectively, all P ＜ 0. 05 ), and it was closely related to lower respiratory tract allergies ( β = 2. 544,P ＜0. 01 ). The most common allergens were dog and cat epithelium in rural areas and dust mites in city.Conclusions The incidence of AR is higher whether in urban or rural areas, it should be taken seriously as the impact on human health. The occurrence is closely related to physical characteristics and environmental factors.     

儿童非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者生活质量的对比研究

目的：分析比较儿童非变应性鼻炎（NAR）患者与变应性鼻炎（AR）患者生活质量之间的差异,探讨NAR对患儿生活质量的影响。方法2011年6月～2012年6月在门诊首次确诊的52例NAR患儿和69例AR患儿（6～12岁）,指导患儿及家长采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评价患儿的鼻、眼及胸部症状,并采用儿童鼻结膜炎生活质量调查表（RQLQ）评估并比较NAR与AR患儿的生活质量有无差异。统计结果采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析。结果 NAR组与AR相比,VAS评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）;RQLQ两组评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）。NAR组内,各项症状VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,“鼻堵”为首要症状;RQLQ各项目以及各方面间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,各项鼻部症状相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,“鼻堵”和“流涕”为首要症状,各项非鼻眼部症状相比差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,“注意力难以集中”为首要症状。结论 NAR对患儿的生活质量有着明显的影响,值得临床护理工作中重视。     

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and nasal symptoms in Nottingham

From 1200 households selected at random, 2114 questionnaires were returned from individuals over 14 years old. They reported that in the previous year the prevalence of ‘symptoms of nasal obstruction every day for more than 14 consecutive days’ was 16.9%; 19.8% had had a ‘runny nose’; 7.1% reported sneezing bouts; and 19.6% had hay fever during the same period. Also, 13.7% had had rhinosinusitis in the previous year using the criterion of ‘two out of three symptoms of congestion, rhinorrhoea and sneezing for more than 1 h per day for a period in excess of 2 weeks’. The prevalence of perennial symptoms in individuals who did not have hay fever was 8.6%. Over the previous 2 years 18.2% of all respondents had visited their General Practitioner and 0.2% had visited a hospital as a result of their hay fever. Individuals who responded as having hay fever were significantly more likely to have worked in an environment with a lot of dust in the last 2 years than asymptomatic respondents (χ², P= 0.002), although fume exposure was not found to be a significant risk factor (P= 0.0681). Individuals with perennial symptoms were no more likely to have been working in a dusty or smoky environment. In those with either seasonal or perennial symptoms there was no significant effect of either social class or manual/nonmanual occupation.     

我国11个城市变应性鼻炎自报患病率调查

目的建立变应性鼻炎在人群中患病状况的电话调查方法，获得我国11个中心城市的变应性鼻炎白报患病率。方法2004年9月至2005年5月，通过目录辅助下随机数字拨号法，在2个直辖市（北京、上海）和9个省会城市（长春、长沙、杭州、广州、南京、沈阳、武汉、乌鲁木齐和西安）进行电话号码抽样，同时设计变应性鼻炎电话调查问卷，然后分别在相应城市进行电话访问。结果①抽取有效局向号码684个，拨打电话119319个，成功访问38203人，白报变应性鼻炎患者4253人。②未经校正的11个城市变应性鼻炎白报患病率依次为：西安8．0％、长春9．0％、北京9．7％、杭州10．2％、上海10．9％、南京11．5％、长沙12．0％、广州13．2％、沈阳14．1％、武汉16．2％和乌鲁木齐21．4％。③经性别校正后的变应性鼻炎白报患病率依次为：西安8．5％、长春9．0％、北京9．5％、杭州10．0％、上海10．8％、南京12．0％、长沙12．2％、广州13．3％、沈阳14．1％、武汉15．9％和乌鲁木齐21．3％。④经年龄校正后的变应性鼻炎白报患病率依次为：北京8．7％、杭州8．9％、西安9．1％、长春11．2％、南京13．3％、上海13．6％、广州14．1％、沈阳15．7％、长沙16．1％、武汉19．3％和乌鲁木齐24．1％。结论初步了解我国11个城市变应性鼻炎的流行病学情况，为以后变应性鼻炎的防治工作提供了参考。     

芪辛汤治疗小儿变应性鼻炎疗效观察

目的 比较观察芪辛汤和西替利嗪冶疗小儿变应性鼻炎的疗效.方法 40例过敏性鼻炎小儿病例,随机平均分为两组,治疗组给予芪辛汤.对照组给予西替利嗪片,疗程均为20天.分别于疗程结束后第1天、15天进行疗效评价.结果 停药后第l天,治疗组总有效率为85%,对照组总有效率为90%,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),停药后第15天,治疗组患儿症状改善总有效率65%,对照组总有效率为45%.疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 中药复方芪辛汤治疗小儿变应性鼻炎的近期疗效与西替利嗪相近,但其延缓疾病复发的作用则优干西替利嗪.     

Evaluation of olfactory function in children with allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis

ObjectivesAllergic rhinitis (AR) occurs when the symptoms of rhinitis arise as a result of allergen-induced nasal mucosal inflammation. In the presence of rhinitis symptoms without infection or an allergic reaction in the nose, non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is considered. Adults with these diseases have increased frequency of olfactory dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to assess olfactory function in children with AR and NAR.MethodsA total of 77 children (aged six to 18 years) with AR and NAR were included in the study. The control group consisted of 45 healthy children. Sniffin' Sticks test was applied to both groups. The association between odor scores and demographic, clinical, and laboratory results was investigated.ResultsForty two patients had allergic rhinitis. No significant difference was observed between patients with rhinitis and healthy controls with respect to odor scores. No association was observed between odor scores and the severity of rhinitis and the laboratory results of the patient groups. Odor identification and total odor scores of the patients with rhinitis lasting for longer than three years were significantly lower than those in the patient group with rhinitis lasting for one to three years. In the AR and control groups, the odor scores were found to increase with age.ConclusionsWhen compared with healthy children, children with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis were not found to have reduced olfactory function. The duration of rhinitis may be associated with the olfactory dysfunction in children with rhinitis.     

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adults in Aydin, Turkey

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic disease in Turkey. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults living in Aydin, Turkey. METHODS: A population-based survey was undertaken among adults aged 16-64 years. Allergic rhinitis was confirmed in the subjects screened positive by the clinical examination and specific immunoglobulin E testing. RESULTS: A total of 465 interviews were conducted in spring 2005. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the past 12 months was 14.0%. The prevalence rate of clinically confirmable AR was computed as 11.4%. The prevalence was significantly higher among females and in urban areas. Specific IgE were detected for at least one of tested aeroallergens in 34.8% of the subjects with self-reported AR. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among adults living in the city of Aydin was as high as the prevalence in other regions of Turkey but less than in Europe.     

Pulmonary arterial pressure in children with allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND: Chronic upper airway obstruction may lead to increased pulmonary arterial pressure in childhood. Allergic rhinitis is one of the frequent causes of upper airway obstruction by nasal blockage. The aims of the study were to evaluate the pulmonary arterial pressures in children with allergic rhinitis and the effect of topical corticosteroid therapy. METHODS: Forty-nine children composed of 27 subjects with seasonal and 22 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis were enrolled in this study. The pulmonary arterial pressures were measured by using Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The pretreatment pulmonary arterial systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures of study group were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). The pulmonary arterial systolic and mean pressures of the patient group significantly decreased at the end of study (p < 0.05), whereas the decrease of the diastolic pressure was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) after the treatment of a topical corticosteroid, mometasone furoate (100 microg per day), for 8 weeks. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that children with allergic rhinitis have higher pulmonary arterial pressure levels compared with healthy controls and that increased pulmonary arterial pressure levels due to allergic rhinitis are reversible by using nasal topical corticosteroids. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical aspect of increased pulmonary arterial pressure.