Early risk factors for death in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn treated with inhaled nitric oxide北大核心CSCD

Objective To evaluate the early risk factors for death in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 105 infants with PPHN (gestational age ≥34 weeks and age <7 days on admission) who received iNO treatment in the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, from July 2017 to March 2021. Related general information and clinical data were collected. According to the clinical outcome at discharge, the infants were divided into a survival group with 79 infants and a death group with 26 infants. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk factors for death in infants with PPHN treated with iNO. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the cut-off values of the factors in predicting the death risk. Results A total of 105 infants with PPHN treated with iNO were included, among whom 26 died (26/105, 24.8%). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that no early response to iNO (HR=8.500, 95%CI: 3.024-23.887, P<0.001), 1-minute Apgar score ≤3 points (HR=10.094, 95%CI: 2.577-39.534, P=0.001), a low value of minimum PaO2/FiO2 within 12 hours after admission (HR=0.067, 95%CI: 0.009-0.481, P=0.007), and a low value of minimum pH within 12 hours after admission (HR=0.049, 95%CI: 0.004-0.545, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for death. The ROC curve analysis showed that the lowest PaO2/FiO2 value within 12 hours after admission had an area under the ROC curve of 0.783 in predicting death risk, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 73.4% at the cut-off value of 50, and the lowest pH value within 12 hours after admission had an area under the ROC curve of 0.746, with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 65.8% at the cut-off value of 7.2. Conclusions Infants with PPHN requiring iNO treatment tend to have a high mortality rate. No early response to iNO, 1-minute Apgar score ≤3 points, the lowest PaO2/FiO2 value <50 within 12 hours after admission, and the lowest pH value <7.2 within 12 hours after admission are the early risk factors for death in such infants. Monitoring and evaluation of the above indicators will help to identify high-risk infants in the early stage. © 2022 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

Association between early-life factors and pubertal timing in girls北大核心CSCD

Objective To study the association between early-life factors (including birth weight, method of birth, gestational age, and history of gestational metabolic disorders) and pubertal timing in girls. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the girls in grades 2-3 and 7-8 from three primary schools and three middle schools in Guangzhou, China from March to December, 2019, and breast development was examined for all girls. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect the information on early-life factors. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of gestational metabolic disorders, birth weight, method of birth, and gestational age with pubertal timing in girls. The Bootstrap method was used to assess the mediation effect of body mass index (BMI) (Z score) between high birth weight (≥4 000 g) and pubertal timing. Results A total of 1 665 girls were enrolled, among whom 280 (16.82%) were judged to have early pubertal timing. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high birth weight was associated with the increased risk of early pubertal timing (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.19-3.66, P=0.008). Nevertheless, no significant association was observed between other early-life factors and pubertal timing (P>0.05). The OR for the mediation effect of BMI (Z score) between high birth weight and early pubertal timing was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.09-1.47), accounting for 29.33% of the total effect of high birth weight on early pubertal timing. Conclusions High birth weight is associated with the increased risk of early pubertal timing in girls, and overweight/obesity may play a partial mediating role in the association between high birth weight and early pubertal timing in girls. © 2023 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

Value of basal luteinizing hormone level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls with different Tanner stages北大核心CSCD

Objective To study the value of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different Tanner stages. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the girls who presented with breast development before the age of 8 years and attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to September 2022. According to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist test, the girls with peak LH ≥5.0 IU/L and peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone ≥0.6 were enrolled as the positive group, and the other girls were enrolled as the negative group. The two groups were compared in terms of the basal LH level and uterine volume. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze their value in the early diagnosis of CPP. Results For the girls with Tanner B2 and B3 stages, the positive group had significantly higher basal LH level and uterine volume than the negative group (P<0.05). The basal LH level had an optimal cut-off value of 0.325 IU/L and 0.505 IU/L respectively in the diagnosis of Tanner stage B2/B3 CPP, while uterine volume had an optimal cut-off value of 1.639 mL and 2.158 mL respectively. Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement had a significantly larger area under the ROC curve than uterine volume measurement alone (P<0.001), but with no significant difference compared with that of basal LH level measurement alone (P>0.05). Conclusions Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement is valuable in the early diagnosis of CPP in girls with different Tanner stages, which provides a basis and guiding significance for clinical diagnosis of CPP. © 2023 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

Predictive value of Apelin-13 on coronary artery lesion in Kawasaki disease北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of Apelin-13 and coronary artery lesion (CAL) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), and assess the predictive value of Apelin-13 for CAL in acute phase of KD. Methods A total of 240 children with KD treated in Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital from September 2017 to October 2019 were recruited, and were divided into KD with CAL (KD CAL) group and KD without CAL (KD-NCAL) group.Thirty children with acute upper respiratory infection and 30 healthy children were recruited into the febrile control group and the healthy control group, respectively.Blood routine and serum levels of albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and Apelin-13 were mea-sured in KD children prior to intravenous gamma globulin injection and after the diagnosis of children in the febrile control group and physical examination of children in the healthy control group.The clinical data of children in each group were compared, and the risk factors of KD complicated with CAL and the predictive value of Apelin-13 were determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results Apelin-13 and hemoglobin in children with KD were significantly decreased compared with those in the healthy control group and fever control group (all P<0.001). However, white blood cell(WBC) count, platelet count, CRP and NT-proBNP in KD group were significantly increased compared with those in the healthy control group and fever control group (all P<0.001). Serum albumin in KD children was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P=0.004), and there was no difference when compared with the fever control group (P=0.485). Apelin-13 and hemoglobin were significantly decreased in KD-CAL group compared with KD-NCAL group (t=10.102, P<0.001; t=2.034, P=0.043), while NT-proBNP and CRP were significantly increased (t=5.982, 3.728, all P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Apelin-13 and NT-proBNP were independent predictors of CAL in KD.The ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off value of Apelin-13 for predicting CAL was 2.99 μg/L, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.869 (95%CI: 0.820-0.909), sensitivity of 77.78% and specificity of 88.67%.While NT-proBNP cutoff value of 822 ng/L yielded sensitivity of 57.78% and specificity of 84.62% for predicting CAL with an AUC of 0.718(95%CI: 0.656-0.774). Conclusions Apelin-13 plays a protective role in KD complicated with CAL, and could be used to predict CAL in the acute phase of KD. © 2022 Chin J Pathol, June. All rights reserved.     

Clinical application of dense fine spot anti-nuclear antibody in children with autoimmune diseases北大核心CSCD

Objective To analyze the differences of the clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes in children with positive dense fine spot (DFS) type anti-nuclear antibody, and thereby to explore the value of positive DFS in the diagnosis of immunological diseases. Methods Among 9 613 cases who were routinely tested for antinuclear antibody (ANA) from August 2017 to February 2020, there were 197 cases with DFS positive, who were subjected to a retrospective analysis.These patients were divided into the autoimmune diseases (AID) group (39 cases) and the non-AID group (158 cases) according to clinical diagnosis.Healthy children in the same physical examination were used as healthy control group (40 cases). T test was applied to analyze the differences of humoral immunity markers between AID and non-AID groups.What′s more, DFS positive patients in different clinical departments, initial symptom and the part of body were further compared. Results Among 9 613 children tested for autoantibodies, 2 654 (27.61%) were ANA positive, with the highest detection rate of the spotted type and 197 DFS positive cases, accoun-ting for 7.42% of ANA positive children; 97 DFS positive male patients accounted for 8.20% (97/1 183 case) of ANA positive male patients, 100 DFS positive female patients accounted for 6.80% (100/1 471 cases) of ANA positive female patients, and there was no significant difference in the positive rate.The departments with high positive ANA detection included the nephrology department (27.88%) and the rheumatology department (24.83%). The departments with a higher ANA positive rate in DFS positive children included the gastroenterology department (13.25%) and the infectious department (11.76%). Among the children with DFS antibody positive, 39 cases had AID, among which 38 cases had organ-specific AID, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) had the highest detection rate in 13 cases.The diseases with a high DFS positive rate in 158 non-AID cases included allergic purpura (46 cases). Serum immunoglobulin (IgG) level in the AID group was significantly lower than this in the non-AID group, serum IgM and C4 levels in AID children were significantly lower than those in the non-AID group and healthy control group, and the serum IgA level of DFS positive group was significantly higher than that of children in the healthy control group.All children with DFS antibody positive had no specific autoantibodies. Conclusions DFS antibody positive is important for the diagnosis of systemic AID in children.The combined detection with the DFS, other autoimmunity antibody index, humoral immune function index contributes to the early differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in children. © 2021 Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics. All rights reserved.     

Changes and significance of type 2 innate lymphoid cells and their related factors in bronchopulmonary dysplasia北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), interleukin-33 (IL-33), interleukin-25 (IL-25), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in peripheral blood of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods A total of 76 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a length of hospital stay of ≥14 days who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from September 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. According to the diagnostic criteria for BPD, they were divided into a BPD group with 30 infants and a non-BPD group with 46 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of the percentage of ILC2 and the levels of IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, IL-5, and IL-13 in peripheral blood on days 1, 7, and 14 after birth. Results The BPD group had significantly lower birth weight and gestational age than the non-BPD group (P<0.05). On days 7 and 14 after birth, the BPD group had significantly higher levels of ILC2, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-5 than the non-BPD group (P<0.05), and these indices had an area under the curve of >0.7 in predicting the devolpment of BPD (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gestational age and birth weight, peripheral blood IL-33, TSLP and IL-5 on days 7 and 14 after birth were closely related to the devolpment of BPD (P<0.05). Conclusions Early innate immune activation and upregulated expression of related factors may be observed in preterm infants with BPD. ILC2, IL-33, TSLP, and IL-5 may be used as biological indicators for early diagnosis of BPD. © 2023 Xiangya Hospital of CSU. All rights reserved.     

小儿心内直视手术后急性呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素与防治对策

Objective To analyze the risk factors,prevention and management strategies of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)after cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Between January 2001 and October 2008,1 408 patients undergoing open heart surgery were recruited for study.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors.Results Thirty-two patients (2.27%)developed ARDS.The mortality for ARDS was 46.9 %(15/32).Univariate risk factors included cyanotic congenital heart disease,CPB lime,aortic cross-clamping time,mechanical ventilation time,the volume of postoperative drainage per kilogram of body weight,perioperative unexpected events and postoperative complications.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CPB time ＞ 180 rain,postoperative drainage volume per kilogram of body weight ＞ 18 ml,perioperative unexpected events,postoperative multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)were risk factors.Condusion Active and effective treatments should be carried out in the children with high risk factors of ARDS following open heart operation.It would play an important role in the prevention,early diagnosis and management of ARDS.     

中国0～18岁儿童、青少年体块指数的生长曲线

Objective To construct the body mass index(BMI)reference data and curves for Chinese children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age.Methods Data from two national representative cross-sectional surveys which were The National Growth Survey of Children under 7 years in the Nine Cities of China in 2005 and The Physical Fimess and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2005,Height(length was measured for children under 3 years)and weight data of 93 702 urban healthy children from nilie cities/prodnces used to calculate tlle BMI.The LMS method was used to smooth the BMI,with estimates of L,M.and S parameters,values of percentile and Z-score curves which were required were calculated,and then standardized growth charts were generated.Adult cut-offs for overweisht and obesity at 18 years was used to study the cut-offs for children 2 to 18 years of age.Results The smoothed percentiles and Z-scores reference data and curves of BMI-for-age for boys and girls aged 0.18 years were made out respectively.BMI cut-off values for overweight and obesity for children from 2 to 18 years of age were also deftned.At 18 years,the BMI values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off (≥24 kg/rn2)and obesity cut-off(≥28 kg/m2)for Chinese adults.Comparison with the reference of the WHO and 2000 CDC for the United States,there were some difference among them,at the 97th percentile curve therewas a big difference between Chinese and U.S.adolescents.On the whole,the China BMI curve for boys was higherthan the WHO curve and lower than 2000 CDC at 97 percentile curve,but the China BMI curve for girls was lowest among the three curves.There was also significant difierence between China and Japan BMI values at 97 percentile curve.Conclusion BMI growth curves are very useful in child growth monitoring and nutritional surveillance,discovering overweight and obesity.The BMI growth charts are recommended for use in pediatric clinic and public health service.     

中国0～18岁儿童、青少年体块指数的生长曲线

Objective To construct the body mass index(BMI)reference data and curves for Chinese children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age.Methods Data from two national representative cross-sectional surveys which were The National Growth Survey of Children under 7 years in the Nine Cities of China in 2005 and The Physical Fimess and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2005,Height(length was measured for children under 3 years)and weight data of 93 702 urban healthy children from nilie cities/prodnces used to calculate tlle BMI.The LMS method was used to smooth the BMI,with estimates of L,M.and S parameters,values of percentile and Z-score curves which were required were calculated,and then standardized growth charts were generated.Adult cut-offs for overweisht and obesity at 18 years was used to study the cut-offs for children 2 to 18 years of age.Results The smoothed percentiles and Z-scores reference data and curves of BMI-for-age for boys and girls aged 0.18 years were made out respectively.BMI cut-off values for overweight and obesity for children from 2 to 18 years of age were also deftned.At 18 years,the BMI values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off (≥24 kg/rn2)and obesity cut-off(≥28 kg/m2)for Chinese adults.Comparison with the reference of the WHO and 2000 CDC for the United States,there were some difference among them,at the 97th percentile curve therewas a big difference between Chinese and U.S.adolescents.On the whole,the China BMI curve for boys was higherthan the WHO curve and lower than 2000 CDC at 97 percentile curve,but the China BMI curve for girls was lowest among the three curves.There was also significant difierence between China and Japan BMI values at 97 percentile curve.Conclusion BMI growth curves are very useful in child growth monitoring and nutritional surveillance,discovering overweight and obesity.The BMI growth charts are recommended for use in pediatric clinic and public health service.     

中国0～18岁儿童、青少年体块指数的生长曲线

Objective To construct the body mass index(BMI)reference data and curves for Chinese children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age.Methods Data from two national representative cross-sectional surveys which were The National Growth Survey of Children under 7 years in the Nine Cities of China in 2005 and The Physical Fimess and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2005,Height(length was measured for children under 3 years)and weight data of 93 702 urban healthy children from nilie cities/prodnces used to calculate tlle BMI.The LMS method was used to smooth the BMI,with estimates of L,M.and S parameters,values of percentile and Z-score curves which were required were calculated,and then standardized growth charts were generated.Adult cut-offs for overweisht and obesity at 18 years was used to study the cut-offs for children 2 to 18 years of age.Results The smoothed percentiles and Z-scores reference data and curves of BMI-for-age for boys and girls aged 0.18 years were made out respectively.BMI cut-off values for overweight and obesity for children from 2 to 18 years of age were also deftned.At 18 years,the BMI values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off (≥24 kg/rn2)and obesity cut-off(≥28 kg/m2)for Chinese adults.Comparison with the reference of the WHO and 2000 CDC for the United States,there were some difference among them,at the 97th percentile curve therewas a big difference between Chinese and U.S.adolescents.On the whole,the China BMI curve for boys was higherthan the WHO curve and lower than 2000 CDC at 97 percentile curve,but the China BMI curve for girls was lowest among the three curves.There was also significant difierence between China and Japan BMI values at 97 percentile curve.Conclusion BMI growth curves are very useful in child growth monitoring and nutritional surveillance,discovering overweight and obesity.The BMI growth charts are recommended for use in pediatric clinic and public health service.     

探讨3种评分系统对儿童严重脓毒症预后的评估价值

目的 探讨儿童年龄适应性序贯器官衰竭评分（pSOFA）、儿童死亡危险评分（PRISM Ⅲ）、儿童危重病例评分（PCIS）在儿童严重脓毒症中的预测价值和使用价值,以期为临床工作提供借鉴。方法 分析收治的193例严重脓毒症患儿的临床资料,根据最终结局将患儿分为存活组（n=151）和死亡组（n=42）。根据入院24 h内各指标的最差值进行pSOFA、PRISM Ⅲ、PCIS评分。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析各评分系统预测脓毒症死亡风险的效能,平滑曲线拟合分析各评分系统的相关性和阈值效应,决策曲线分析（DCA）各评分系统的使用价值。结果 ROC分析示PCIS与pSOFA预测价值相当（P=0.182）,PRISM Ⅲ与pSOFA预测价值相当（P=0.210）,但PRISM Ⅲ优于PCIS （P=0.045）。3种评分系统与预后的拟合程度为PRISM Ⅲ > pSOFA > PCIS。DCA分析显示当严重脓毒症患儿死亡风险分别为0.4和0.6时,使用3种评分系统作为紧急干预决策依据,患儿的标准净受益（SNB）为SNB （pSOFA） > SNB （PRISM Ⅲ） > SNB （PCIS）。结论 3种评分系统对严重脓毒症患儿预后均有一定的预测价值,作为临床决策辅助工具可使患儿从中受益,pSOFA优于PRISM Ⅲ和PCIS。     

预测极早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎发生风险列线图模型的建立北大核心CSCD

目的探讨极早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)发生的危险因素,并构建预测NEC发生风险的列线图模型。方法选取2015年1月至2021年12月住院的752例极早产儿为研究对象,包括2015~2020年极早产儿(建模集)654例和2021年极早产儿98例(验证集)。建模集根据有无发生NEC分为NEC组(n=77)和非NEC组(n=577),通过多因素logistic回归分析确定极早产儿NEC发生的独立危险因素,采用R软件绘制列线图模型。利用验证集的数据对列线图模型加以检验。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验及校正曲线评估模型的效能,采用临床决策曲线评估模型的临床实用价值。结果多因素logistic回归分析显示,新生儿窒息、败血症、休克、低白蛋白血症、严重贫血及配方奶喂养为极早产儿NEC发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。建模集ROC曲线的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.833(95%CI:0.715~0.952),验证集ROC曲线的AUC值为0.826(95%CI:0.797~0.862),表明该模型具有良好的区分度和判别能力。校正曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示该模型在预测值和真实值之间的准确性和一致性较好。结论新生儿窒息、败血症、休克、低白蛋白血症、严重贫血及配方奶喂养是极早产儿NEC发生的独立危险因素;基于多因素logistic回归分析结果建立的列线图模型可为临床早期评估极早产儿NEC的发生提供定量、简便、直观的工具。     

重症肺炎合并脓毒症患儿炎症因子及凝血指标与危重症评分相关性分析

目的 探讨重症肺炎合并脓毒症患儿炎症因子和凝血指标与危重症评分的相关性。方法 选择2010年1月至2012年11月在福建省妇幼保健院PICU入住24 h以上,符合重症肺炎合并脓毒症诊断的患儿为研究对象。根据小儿危重病例评分法分为极危重组（<70分）、危重组（~80分）和非危重组（>80分）。检测炎症因子（血WBC、PLT和CRP、IL-6）和凝血指标（D-二聚体和可溶性P-选择素）水平,采用多元线性逐步回归分析炎症因子、凝血指标与危重症评分的相关性。结果 101例患儿进入分析,男47例,女54例。非危重组53例,危重组42例,极危重组6例。①随着危重症评分分值降低,IL-6、D-二聚体和可溶性P-选择素水平逐渐增高,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);CRP水平亦随危重症评分降低而逐渐增高,在非危重组和危重组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;PLT计数则随危重症评分降低呈降低趋势,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);血WBC在各组间差异均无统计学意义(P均﹥0.05)。②IL-6、可溶性P-选择素和D-二聚体水平与危重症评分呈正相关,PLT计数与危重症评分呈负相关,血WBC和CRP与危重症评分无相关性。结论 IL-6、可溶性P-选择素、D-二聚体和PLT水平与儿童重症肺炎合并脓毒症的严重程度相关。     

3种儿童危重评分在重症监护室脓毒症患儿预后评估中的作用

目的探讨儿童危重病例评分(PCIS)、儿童器官功能障碍评分2(PELOD-2)、儿童多器官功能障碍评分(P-MODS)在儿童重症监护室(PICU)脓毒症患儿预后评估中的作用。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年6月广东医科大学附属医院PICU收治的516例脓毒症患儿的临床资料,根据入院28 d结局将患儿分为存活组和死亡组。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),采用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评价PCIS、PELOD-2、P-MODS在PICU脓毒症患儿预后评估中的作用。结果存活组488例,死亡组28例。死亡组PCIS评分明显低于存活组[86(82,88)分比89(84,92)分],PELOD-2及P-MODS评分均明显高于存活组[PELOD-2:6.5(4.0,8.0)分比0(0,2.0)分,P-MODS:3(2,6)分比1(1,2)分],差异均有统计学意义(Z=3259.500、14.228、4.688,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,PCIS、PELOD-2、P-MODS 3种评分评估PICU脓毒症患儿预后的AUC分别为0.761、0.916、0.761(Z=6.127、14.228、4.688,均P<0.05)。结论PCIS、PELOD-2、P-MODS均可较好地预测PICU脓毒症患儿的预后,尤以PELOD-2评分更加显著。     

脓毒症早期诊断的生物标志物研究进展

脓毒症是由感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征.脓毒症可加重发展为严重脓毒症、脓毒性休克、多器官功能障碍.由于抗菌药物的使用、液体复苏以及生命支持的发展,脓毒症的治疗水平已较过去有了明显的提高,但其病死率仍居高不下.对脓毒症早期、迅速、准确作出诊断是降低脓毒症高病死率的一项关键因素.近年来,医学界发现一些生物标志物与脓毒症早期诊断有密切关系,且有助于临床治疗.这些与脓毒症早期诊断相关的生物学标志物包括Presepsin(sCD14-亚型)、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1、中性粒细胞CD64、可溶性CD163、微小RNA和肽素等.这些生物标志物的单独或联合检测为早期确诊脓毒症带来新的机遇,且有望拓宽脓毒症的治疗思路.该文就上述新兴的脓毒症早期诊断的生物标志物作一综述.     

惊厥患儿镇静后谵妄发生的危险因素及风险列线图预测模型的建立

目的 调查惊厥患儿镇静后谵妄发生的危险因素,建立惊厥患儿镇静后谵妄风险列线图预测模型。方法 前瞻性选取2020年8月—2022年1月在空军军医大学第二附属医院住院治疗的373例惊厥患儿作为研究对象,其中建模组245例,验证组128例。通过多因素logistic回归分析筛选患儿镇静后谵妄发生的独立预测因子,并建立列线图模型,分别采用校准曲线、受试者工作特征曲线和决策曲线分析对模型的准确度、区分度和临床应用价值进行评估。结果 惊厥患儿镇静后谵妄发生率为22.3%(83/373)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄>5岁是惊厥患儿镇静后谵妄的保护因素(OR=0.401,P<0.05),合并感染、入住儿童重症监护病房、应用苯二氮?类药物、惊厥持续状态史、谵妄发作史是危险因素(OR分别为3.020、3.126、5.219、2.623、3.119,均P<0.05)。列线图预测模型H-L偏差度检验显示出较好的拟合度(χ²=9.494,P=0.302)。内部、外部验证显示,校准曲线实际值与预测值间的平均绝对误差分别为0.030和0.018,受试者工作特征曲...     

降钙素原和D-二聚体对全身炎症反应综合征患儿病情预后的判断价值

目的 探讨降钙素原（PCT）和D-二聚体（D-D）在判断全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）患儿预后中的价值。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照方法 ,选取PICU住院的SIRS患儿67例,按有无感染灶分为脓毒症组和非脓毒症组,入院24 h内检测血清PCT、D-D、CRP、WBC,并进行小儿危重评分（PCIS）。将有差异指标与PCIS进行相关性分析;随访28 d临床结局;采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）预测28 d生存效能;多因素logistic回归预测死亡独立危险因素。结果 脓毒症组中血清PCT和D-D水平高于非脓毒症组,PCIS低于非脓毒症组（均PPPPOR值分别为1.684,1.003,均P结论 SIRS患儿血清PCT有助于早期识别脓毒症和非脓毒症;血清PCT和D-D可作为判断病情预后的重要指标,可能是预测28 d死亡的独立危险因素。     

小儿脓毒症T细胞亚群变化分析及临床意义

目的：通过观察脓毒症患儿T细胞亚群变化及预后,探讨其在脓毒症发生发展中的临床意义。方法：以50 例严重脓毒症患儿和150 例一般脓毒症患儿为研究对象,同时纳入50例非脓毒症儿童为对照组。采用流式细胞仪测定外周血CD3阳性淋巴细胞(CD3+T)、CD4阳性淋巴细胞(CD4+T)和CD8阳性淋巴细胞(CD8+T)百分比及CD4+T／CD8+T比值,并于入院24 h内行小儿危重病例评分（PCIS）。结果：严重脓毒症组患儿CD3+ T、CD4+ T和CD8+ T水平、CD4+ T／CD8+ T比值及PCIS明显低于对照组及一般脓毒症组(P<0.01)。200例脓毒症患儿中,治愈组CD3+ T、CD4+T、CD8+T水平、CD4+T／CD8+T比值及PCIS较死亡组降低(P<0.05)。结论：脓毒症患儿存在着不同程度的细胞免疫功能抑制,其程度与疾病的严重程度有明显的关联。脓毒症患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的检测对评估脓毒症患儿的免疫功能状况和判断病情严重程度具有重要的临床意义。     

降钙素原与小儿危重病例评分对脓毒症患儿预后的影响

目的 探讨脓毒症患儿血清降钙素原（PCT）与小儿危重病例评分（PCIS）的相关性及与预后的关系。方法 选取儿童重症监护病房脓毒症患儿61 例,按PCIS 评分标准分为非危重组（n=18）、危重组（n=20）和极危重组（n=23）。入院24 h 内检测患儿血清PCT、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、乳酸（LA）含量及血常规,比较上述指标在不同危重程度患儿中的差异;采用Pearson 相关分析检验PCT 与PCIS 及血清各指标相关性;再依据患儿的治疗结局,分为存活组（n=39）和死亡组（n=22）,比较PCT、PCIS 评分及其他血清指标在不同治疗结局患儿中的差异。结果 非危重组PCT 和CRP 水平均低于危重组和极危重组（均PPPr=-0.63,Pr=0.73,P=0.003）;死亡组PCT 和LA 水平明显高于存活组（均PP结论 血清PCT 和PCIS 评分具有较好的相关性,脓毒症患儿PCIS 评分越低,血清PCT 升高越明显,预后越差,两者联合是预测脓毒症患儿预后较为敏感的指标。     

小儿脓毒症并腹内高压的危险因素分析

目的：探讨小儿脓毒症并腹内高压（IAH）的危险因素, 为早期诊断、及时干预治疗提供理论依据。方法：采用膀胱测压法对119例脓毒症患儿进行腹内压检测,根据腹内压检测结果将患儿分为腹内压正常组(对照组,n=80)与IAH组(n=39)。采用单因素和非条件logistic回归分析对两组患儿的临床资料进行分析,以调查脓毒症患儿并发IAH的危险因素。结果：单因素分析发现小儿危重病评分（PCIS）、降钙素原（PCT）、PaCO2、血清乳酸值及肠道/腹腔感染、腹水、胃肠功能障碍、机械通气、休克和多脏器功能不全（MODS）的发生比例在IAH和对照组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示PCIS降低、MODS、休克、胃肠功能障碍和腹水是脓毒症合并IAH的主要危险因素。结论：PCIS降低、MODS、休克、胃肠功能障碍和腹水的脓毒症患儿, 有发生IAH的可能, 应重点监测,以早期诊断并予及时干预治疗。