肌皮瓣修复关节周围软组织肉瘤组织缺损的临床研究

目的探讨系列肌皮瓣在肢体关节周围软组织肉瘤切除后组织缺损修复中的临床应用。方法肢体关节周围软组织肉瘤外科手术软组织缺损28例,其中初发7例,补充切除8例,复发13例。所有病例均行软组织肉瘤广泛切除肌皮瓣修复手术治疗,软组织缺损面积最大为26 cm×16 cm。依据不同部位设计修复所需肌皮瓣,应用背阔肌肌皮瓣修复肩部、股二头肌肌皮瓣修复髋部、腓肠肌肌皮瓣修复膝部。结果 28例中24例术后肌皮瓣成活,3例肌皮瓣远端边缘性坏死,1例远侧2/3坏死,经换药或植皮后愈合。平均随访38个月,有4例肿瘤局部复发,均为多次手术后复发患者,2例复发再次手术切除植皮,2例复发无法保肢行截肢手术治疗。移植肌皮瓣质地良好,皮肤色泽与受区相似,肌皮瓣血液循环良好,患肢关节恢复正常屈伸。结论肌皮瓣具有稳定的血供,易于切取和存活,修复肢体关节周围软组织肉瘤手术组织缺损同时改善肢体功能,为关节周围软组织肉瘤的外科规范化治疗提供了有益探索。     

肢体恶性软组织肿瘤的保肢治疗

目的 探讨四肢恶性软组织肿瘤保肢治疗的可行性。方法 22例肢体恶性软组织肿瘤患者中,滑膜肉瘤9例,横纹肌肉瘤及恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各5例。透明细胞肉瘤2例,恶性黄色肉芽肿1例。其中股部9例,臀部4例,膝部、足跟部各3例,小腿外侧、腕部、足背部各1例。16例行肿瘤扩大切除术,6例行肿瘤扩大切除皮瓣修复术。术后采用CVADIC方案行化疗,16例行放疗。结果 19例获得平均4年2个月的随访,2例复发,2例死亡(1例为复发后再次手术患者)。结论 肿瘤切除彻底是四肢恶性软组织肿瘤保肢治疗的前提;放疗可以改善局部控制率;CVADIC方案是治疗恶性软组织肿瘤的可行方案;肿瘤切除后软组织缺损修复,应选择操作简单、就近取材、效果良好的方法。     

术前放疗在软组织肉瘤保肢手术中的临床应用

目的 探讨术前放疗在软组织肉瘤保肢手术中的临床效果.方法 本组男17例,女13例;首诊6例,复发24例;年龄最大89岁,最小11岁,平均44.5岁.术前经病理检查确诊后接受直线加速器外照射,DT50Gy/25次/35天,放疗结束后休息2-4周即接受手术治疗.结果 随访时间:术后12-106个月,中位随访时间:48.3个月.术前放疗后肿瘤达到CR (complete remission) 2例、PR (partial remission) 25例,2例无变化,1例继续增大.术后因肺转移死亡6例(局部均无复发),占20% (6/30),其中2例为治疗期间出现肺转移,3例术后1年内出现肺转移,1例术后5年出现肺转移.2例分别于术后15个月和73个月局部复发,其中前者经二次广泛切除肿瘤后无复发及转移,后者合并病理性骨折而行截肢.28例无局部复发及远处转移,局部控制率93.3%(28/30).8例伤口延迟愈合,占28.7% (8/30).结论 术前放疗可以降低软组织肉瘤外科分期,缩小外科切除边界,最大限度保留肢体功能,降低局部复发率,降低保肢风险.     

软组织肉瘤的再放疗

根治性放疗后头颈部恶性肿瘤的再程放疗已有许多报导,局部控制效果似令人满意。快中子已用于少数复发性肉瘤的再放疗,采用光子外照射(通常大野)再治疗肢体或肢带软组织肉瘤以前尚未见报导。本文报导10例保守性手术加放疗后肢体或肢带复发性软组织肉瘤病人接受再放疗。男4例,女6例,平均年龄53     

肢体软组织肉瘤保肢综合治疗疗效观察

目的:探讨术前新辅助化疗对软组织肉瘤的疗效及在保肢治疗中的意义.方法:28例肢体软组织肉瘤中恶性纤维组织细胞瘤18例,滑膜肉瘤3例,脂肪肉瘤6例,原始神经外胚层肿瘤(PNET)1例 .术前均给予选择性肿瘤供血动脉灌注化疗2-3周期,化疗药物为阿霉素/顺铂和异环磷酰胺.化疗后均行保肢手术治疗.结果:28例术前化疗后均有疼痛缓解、皮温降低、肿胀减轻、瘤体不同程度缩小、边缘变清楚及关节活动度增加.化疗后均行肿瘤广泛切除术,术中获得良好的外科切除界限.随访16-56个月,2例死亡,1例局部复发行截肢术.术后12个月后采用MSTS 93评分系统评分为24.0-29.0分,平均为27.0分.28例3年生存率为92.9%,初次保肢率100%,最终保肢率89.3%.结论:术前新辅助化疗后广泛切除手术是肢体软组织肉瘤的有效保肢治疗方法.     

前后侧联合入路切除大腿巨大软组织肉瘤

目的介绍经前后侧联合入路并结扎股深动脉切除大腿巨大软组织肉瘤的经验。方法对初发或复发的8例大腿巨大软组织肉瘤术前常规行MRI和DSA检查，采用经前后侧联合入路并结扎股深动脉行肿瘤广泛切除术，其中1例行术前化疗及术后放疗，3例行术后放疗，3例术后局部复发再次行广泛切除术后放疗，1例术前术后均无辅助治疗。结果8例中2例术后出现切口边缘皮肤坏死，1例经换药治愈，1例行局部推移皮瓣术后治愈。8例术后随访2～6年，4例无瘤正常生存，3例1～2年内局部复发再次行广泛切除术，术后无瘤正常生存，1例无任何辅助治疗者术后多次局部复发行姑息性局部切除术，6年后因全身衰竭死亡。结论对初发或复发的大腿巨大软组织肉瘤术前常规行MRI和DSA检查评估其局部切除的可行性，采用经前后侧联合入路并结扎股深动脉行肿瘤广泛切除术，术后辅助放疗，是较好的保肢治疗方法。术后局部复发是较常见的并发症，再次行复发灶广泛切除术及术后放疗仍可取得较好的疗效。     

四肢软组织低度恶性肿瘤的保肢治疗

目的:探讨四肢软组织低度恶性肿瘤的临床特点及保肢治疗的可行性。方法:2008年-2014年我院共34例四肢软组织恶性肿瘤患者:滑膜肉瘤11例,横纹肌肉瘤7例,脂肪肉瘤6例,腱鞘巨细胞瘤3例,平滑肌肉瘤3例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤2例,软骨肉瘤1例,恶性肉芽肿1例。其中18例行肿瘤扩大切除术,6例行根除性切除术,5例行微波灭活瘤体切除术,3例行瘤段切除、离体灭活再植术,2例行局部切除术。根据患者具体情况术中给予皮瓣修复术。根据肿瘤性质和全身情况在术后给予放疗或化疗治疗。结果:全部34例患者均获得随访,随访时间（23.5±14.6）个月,其中3例患者复发,2例患者死亡。患肢功能良好。结论:对于四肢的软组织低度恶性肿瘤,及时给予扩大切除,微波灭活等合适的保肢治疗,可以取得良好的临床治疗效果和肢体功能恢复。     

血管重建在软组织肉瘤累及肢体主要血管时的应用

目的:探讨人工血管重建对肢体软组织肉瘤累及大血管的保肢手术的临床意义。方法:收集2012年至2022年间我院所做的5例人工血管重建保肢手术案例资料,并结合文献进行分析。结果:所纳入5例患者均行肉瘤整体切除联合人工血管重建。其中平滑肌肉瘤2例,未分化多形性肉瘤1例,去分化脂肪肉瘤1例,侵袭性纤维瘤病1例;累及股动脉3例,股静脉3例,锁骨下动脉1例;累及臂丛神经1例,股神经1例。随访期间出现局部复发2例,远处转移2例,其中1例因多次复发转移行3次手术治疗;出现血管闭塞1例,行血管内介入手术后开通,余4例通畅;1例患者随访4月后死亡,最长随访时间10年。结论:肉瘤的生物学行为特征是影响血管重建的关键因素,同时对周围神经的保护也需要重视。     

软组织肉瘤动脉灌注新辅助化疗后的保肢治疗

目的探讨术前动脉内灌注化疗对软组织肉瘤的疗效及在保肢治疗中的意义。方法28例肢体软组织肉瘤,其中恶性纤维组织细胞瘤18例,滑膜肉瘤3例,脂肪肉瘤6例,原始神经外胚层肿瘤（PNET）1例。术前均给予选择性肿瘤供血动脉灌注化疗2-3周期,化疗药物为阿霉素／顺铂和异环磷酰胺。化疗后均行保肢手术治疗。结果28例术前化疗后均有疼痛缓解、皮温降低、肿胀减轻、瘤体不同程度缩小、边缘变清楚及关节活动度增加。化疗后均行肿瘤广泛切除术,术中获得良好的外科切除界限。随访6-46个月,平均25个月。2例死亡,1例局部复发行截肢术。术后12个月后采用MSTS93评分系统评分为24-29分,平均为27分。28例3年生存率为92.9％,初次保肢率100％,最终保肢率89.3％。结论肢体软组织肉瘤术前动脉灌注新辅助化疗是一种有效的保肢治疗方法。     

53例屈窝软组织肉瘤治疗经验

目的 探讨屈窝软组织肉瘤的治疗及预后。方法 53例屈窝软组织肉瘤，52例手术，其中4例以皮瓣覆盖血管、神经及修复皮肤缺损，放疗30例，化疗33例。结果伤口并发症8例，复发19例，转移21例，死亡22例。放疗、初治患者局部控制率明显优于未放疗、转诊患者，肿瘤大小及组织学级别与预后相关。结论 放疗可以提高屈窝软组织肉瘤局部控制率，肿瘤大小及组织学级别在其预后判断上有价值，使用皮瓣可以提高屈窝软组织肉瘤保肢率，减少并发症。     

重要神经血管周围肉瘤手术联合后装放疗效果分析

目的 分析重要神经血管周围肉瘤手术切除联合后装治疗的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月—2017年4月病理明确为重要神经血管周围肉瘤患者30例，行手术切除并神经血管周围置后装管，术后给予后装治疗，分次剂量为4 Gy，放疗总剂量为40 Gy，每日2次，5天完成后装放疗。并对所有患者肢体功能治疗前、治疗后6月进行MSTS功能评分。结果 患者随访时间为18~43月，平均随访时间为31.6月，中位随访时间为32.0月，2年生存率为96.7%。外科切缘R0 18例（60%），R1 12例（40%），患者术前MSTS评分为（23.36±1.51），术后6月评分为（21.51±1.82），差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。肿瘤局部控制率为93.3%，死亡病例1例，手术切口局部延迟愈合1例，二级及以上放疗并发症发生率为16.7%。结论 重要神经血管周围肉瘤手术切除联合后装治疗能够取得较高的局部控制率，保留肢体并对患者的肢体功能影响较小，但需积极防控后装治疗相关并发症。     

Wound complications following pre-operative radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma.

AIMS: We analysed wound complications in 43 patients with soft tissue sarcoma who were treated with combined pre-operative radiotherapy and surgery. METHODS: All patients received the same protocol of pre-operative radiotherapy at our institution. RESULTS: Thirty-six (84%) patients developed acute skin toxicity following radiotherapy. After wide local excision, 15 patients required primary soft tissue reconstruction with vascularized muscle transfer and four patients underwent free skin flap to enable wound closure as part of their primary surgery. Nineteen patients (44%) developed post-operative wound complications including 10 (23%) patients who required an additional surgical procedure. Four (27%) patients developed flap necrosis in a group of 15 who underwent primary vascularized soft tissue transfer. All required a second vascularized muscular flap. One elderly patient, who had grade 3 acute radiation skin toxicity, had an arterial graft and total hip arthroplasty for a femoral artery aneurysm and an avascular necrosis of the hip, respectively. In our series, age (> or = 40 years) was the only impact factor influencing wound complication after surgery following radiotherapy (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Site of tumour, radiation field size, surgical resection volume, grade of acute radiation toxicity, co-morbidity, and smoking were not demonstrated to have predictive value in wound complication following pre-operative radiotherapy. Although previous papers suggested that vascularized soft tissue transfer could be useful reducing wound morbidity, our results could not confirm this.     

单纯髂骨切除术治疗髂骨原发恶性骨肿瘤

目的：探讨单纯髂骨切除术治疗髂骨原发恶性肿瘤的手术方法,分析其肿瘤学结果及骶髂关节连续性对患者肢体功能的意义。方法回顾分析1983年6月至2011年6月,诊断为髂骨原发恶性肿瘤并于我院骨肿瘤科行单纯髂骨切除术且资料完整的患者25例。分析该术式对髂骨恶性肿瘤的治疗效果及手术后骶髂关节连续性对患者肢体功能的影响。结果25例均于我院进行手术治疗,男19例,女6例。病例分布为软骨肉瘤13例,骨肉瘤6例,尤文肉瘤2例,梭形细胞肉瘤2例,未分化多形性肉瘤2例。随访14.2～127.9个月,平均41个月。截止随访期末,18例未发现肿瘤复发或转移。1例骨肉瘤患者于术后9个月出现肺转移,行胸腔镜肺部病灶切除,1例尤文肉瘤患者术后58个月出现肺部转移,行化疗,1例软骨肉瘤患者术后23个月出现局部复发,再次手术切除,此3例目前均存活。4例死亡,1例骨肉瘤患者术后10个月出现肺部转移,术后18个月死亡;1例软骨肉瘤患者术后12个月出现肺部转移,术后15个月死亡;1例术后29个月发现局部复发及肺部转移,术后39个月死亡;1例骨肉瘤患者术后26个月因肝功能衰竭死亡。15例可行MSTS评分系统进行评分,平均为27.5（24～30）分。其中10例骶髂关节连续性存在,MSTS评分平均为28.8分,5例骶髂关节连续性破坏,MSTS评分为25.0分。结论单纯髂骨切除术是治疗髂骨原发恶性肿瘤的有效术式,骶髂关节失去连续性对行走功能有一定影响。其功能可满足日常生活需要。     

A combination of intraarterial chemotherapy, preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy, and surgery as limb-saving treatment of primarily unresectable high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities

The localization and size of a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of an extremity are generally the limiting factor in limb-saving surgery. Since 1982 nine patients with a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of an extremity, which usually requires amputation, have been treated by intraarterial chemotherapy, preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy, and surgery. The limb was saved in eight patients (89%). During a median follow-up of 24 months (mean follow-up 32 months, range 12 to 64 months) one local recurrence and four distant metastases were diagnosed. Three patients developed complications due to the intraarterial chemotherapy, a motor and sensory neuropathy of the sciatic nerve was diagnosed in one patient, and two patients developed a flexion contracture of the knee. The results obtained in this small series show that the combination of intraarterial doxorubicin, preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy, and surgery is feasible in limb-saving treatment of primarily "unresectable" high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities without increasing the risk of a local recurrence.     

手术切除联合术中放疗治疗四肢复发性软组织肉瘤的安全性及近期疗效

目的:探讨手术切除联合术中放疗治疗四肢复发性软组织肉瘤的安全性及近期疗效。方法:收集2012年1月至2018年6月于我院诊断为四肢复发性软组织肉瘤并行手术切除的患者,共93例,根据患者放疗方案分为术中放疗组（38例）和体外放疗组（55例）。采用Log-rank单因素和Cox比例风险模型分析患者局部无复发生存期和总生存期的独立危险因素,并对两组术后并发症、急慢性放射性损伤、肢体功能等指标进行对比。结果:复发性软组织肉瘤局部无复发生存时间和总体生存时间与AJCC分期（P=0.030和P=0.012）和 FNCLCC分级（P=0.024和P=0.008）有关,术中放疗组与体外放疗组局部无复发生存期和总体生存时间没有明显统计学差异（P=0.663和P=0.691）。FNCLCC分级显著影响局部无复发生存期（HR=2.461,95%CI 1.094~5.537,P=0.029）和总生存期（HR=2.731,95%CI 1.249~5.971,P=0.012）。两组术后Clavien-Dindo并发症分级（P=0.048）、急性放射性损伤（P=0.043）、慢性放射性损伤（P＜0.001）以及肢体功能评分（P＜0.001）差异均有统计学意义。结论:手术切除联合术中放疗治疗四肢复发性软组织肉瘤具有较好的近期疗效及安全性。     

软组织肉瘤术后放射治疗疗效分析

目的 探讨软组织肉瘤术后放射治疗的疗效。方法 37例软组织肉瘤患者,术后及时放射治疗,27例术后局部复发再行扩大切除术及术后放射治疗,对两者的疗效进行对比分析。结果 术后及时行放射治疗者的3年和5年生存率分别为64.9%和43.2%;术后局部复发再行扩大切除术者的3年和5年的生存率分别为55.2%和37.9%。结论 软组织肉瘤术后及时行放射治疗可提高患者3、5年生存率,可减少肿瘤局部复发。     

软组织肉瘤手术加术中放疗的临床研究

目的:探讨软组织肉瘤术中放疗的意义。方法:对39例软组织肉瘤患者行根治或姑息性手术,术中放疗在术中放疗手术室进行,术中根据肿瘤大小,选择不同术中放疗限光筒及6～12MeV电子线1次照射15～25Gy,姑息手术者剂量加大至36Gy。术后辅以外照射治疗,常规设野,5/周,2Gy/次,总量40～50Gy。初发病灶10例,术后复发29例。结果:39例患者随访12～64个月,3、5年局控率分别为71.8%和64.1%。3年生存率为82.0%。结论:术中放疗具有较高的局控率,比之其他治疗具有许多优点,将获得较高的生存率。     

Limb salvage therapy for soft tissue sarcomas of the foot

From 1974 to 1988, 20 patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the foot underwent attempted limb preservation at UCLA. Eighteen patients had localized tumor and two had metastases. Sixteen patients had previously untreated tumors and four patients had experienced 2-4 local recurrences before definitive management. Eleven patients had grade 3 sarcomas and nine had grade 2 sarcomas. Fourteen patients had an excisional biopsy and six had an incisional biopsy. At the time of definitive local treatment, nine patients had palpable tumor ranging from 2-10 cm (median 5 cm). Sixteen patients received sequential preoperative chemotherapy and irradiation followed by attempted conservative resection. Four patients underwent immediate conservative resection followed by postoperative irradiation. Preoperative chemotherapy was administered over 3 days intraarterially, intravenously or by a combination of routes. Fifteen patients received 60-90 mg doxorubicin and one received 120 mg doxorubicin plus 220 mg cisplatinum. Preoperative irradiation was delivered in 350 cGy fractions to total doses of 3500 cGy (one patient), 2800 cGy (8) or 1750 cGy (7). Postoperative irradiation doses were 4140-6480 delivered in 180-200 cGy fractions. Fifteen of 16 preoperatively treated patients had limb salvage surgery. Four of these 15 had positive histopathologic margins and none received postoperative irradiation. One patient required a primary amputation due to gross involvement of the os calcis. Three of four patients undergoing immediate conservative excision had positive margins and one had gross residual disease. Five patients received chemotherapy following local treatment: 3 adjuvantly and 2 for metastatic disease. Follow-up for salvage patients ranged from 6 to 99 months (median 36). Local control was achieved in 17 of 19 (90%). Two patients recurred in-field at 24 and 30 months. Fourteen of 15 preoperatively treated and salvaged patients maintained local control. Three of four managed with excision and postoperative irradiation were controlled. The actuarial local control at 3 years was 83%. One patient recurred in the inguinal lymph nodes and three patients died of metastatic disease. The actuarial survival and relapse-free survival at 3 years were 83% and 63%. Eleven patients developed acute complications and four had late complications. Of 14 patients surviving with local control, function was good or excellent in 86%. No patient has required an amputation for complications or a dysfunctional foot. Limb salvage therapy for a selected patient with a soft tissue sarcoma of the foot can reasonably be expected to result in a high probability of local control and useful function without compromising survival.