宁波市民新冠病毒疫苗认知与接种意愿调查分析

目的 了解宁波市民对新冠病毒疫苗认知情况及接种意愿并分析其影响因素，为人群大规模接种提供依据。方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷通过网络调查新冠病毒疫苗相关知识、态度和行为。结果 调查对象平均年龄（40.54±10.63）岁，86.54%的人表示愿意接种新冠病毒疫苗，对新冠病毒疫苗的安全性、有效性、接种重要性的认可率分别为97.42%、97.52%和98.60%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：机关/事业单位/教师（OR=2.901）、医务人员（OR=14.825）、认为自我感染新冠病毒风险较大（OR=8.607）、身边已接种新冠病毒疫苗人数>10人（OR=5.667）、了解新冠病毒疫苗预约接种流程（OR=2.721）、认可新冠病毒疫苗安全性等特征是具备新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿的保护性因素。结论 宁波市民新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿较强，对新冠病毒疫苗的安全性、有效性和接种重要性普遍认可。     

山东某高校大学生未接种新冠病毒疫苗原因及接种意愿的影响因素分析

目的 分析山东某高校大学生未接种新冠病毒疫苗的原因及影响今后接种意愿的因素。方法 选择2021年4月17日-23日山东某高校不同学科未接种新冠病毒疫苗的大学生进行在线问卷调查,分析未接种新冠病毒疫苗的原因,采用χ²检验和logistic回归分析影响大学生今后接种意愿的因素。结果 共纳入2 450名未接种新冠病毒疫苗的大学生,其中2 226人(90.86%)表示今后愿意接种。由于客观条件不满足(如有接种禁忌证、与工作学习冲突等)而未接种的占72.29%(1 771/2 450);由于主观犹豫未接种的占27.71%(679/2 450)。年级较高、文理科、认为接种新冠病毒疫苗有防护效果、对新冠病毒和新冠病毒疫苗认知得分2分以上者的接种意愿较高(P<0.01)。logistic回归结果显示,相较于大一新生,大三以上的大学生接种疫苗意愿更高(OR_大三=1.65,P=0.006;OR_大四=3.895,P<0.01;OR_研究生=4.491,P=0.002);认为新冠病毒疫苗有防护效果的大学生接种意愿...     

青少年不可忽视的性教育

<正>为什么要接种新冠病毒疫苗3岁以上人群，是免疫屏障构筑的重点人群，对新冠病毒普遍易感，感染发病后，有的人还会发展为危重症，甚至造成死亡。接种疫苗后，一方面绝大部分人可以获得免疫力，从而有效降低发病、重症和死亡的风险；另一方面，通过有序接种新冠病毒疫苗，可在人群中逐步建立起免疫屏障，阻断新冠肺炎的流行，尽快恢复我国社会经济、居民生活正常运转。     

南通市新型冠状病毒疫苗分配及管理思考

目的 设计新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)疫苗分配方法，研究分析南通市新冠病毒疫苗的分配及管理策略情况。方法 列举2021年3—8月南通市疾病预防控制中心对新冠病毒疫苗的测算分配方法，并对其分配策略进行探讨。结果 2021年3—8月南通市新冠病毒疫苗共计分配数为1 262万剂，人均分配疫苗1.63剂，标准差为0.12,疫苗周转率整体提高，疫苗系数趋于稳定，疫苗系统方差降低。结论 南通市新冠病毒疫苗分配及管理策略效果良好，计划合理，保障了新冠病毒疫苗在各地区之间的公平分配，较好地满足了人群接种需求。     

佳木斯大学学生新冠病毒疫苗认知情况、接种意愿及影响因素调查分析

目的：了解大学生对新冠病毒疫苗认知和接种意愿,分析其影响因素,为提高大学生新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿提供理论支持。方法：采用“滚雪球”抽样方法,利用“问卷星”对佳木斯大学学生进行线上问卷调查。分别采用非参数检验、χ²检验比较不同人群对新冠病毒疫苗认知情况及接种意愿,采用多因素逐步logistic回归分析影响大学生新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿的因素。结果：调查的15 418名学生对新冠病毒疫苗认知得分为12 (11～14)分,其中,高认知组(全部题目相加得分≥18分×0.8)共5 184人,占33.62%;愿意接种新冠病毒疫苗的学生共14 165人,占91.87%。logistic回归分析结果显示,男生(OR=1.210)、认为需要对新冠病毒疫苗相关知识进行培训(OR=2.081)、愿意推荐家人或朋友接种新冠病毒疫苗(OR=60.089)、愿意对公众进行新冠病毒疫苗相关知识宣教(OR=1.651)、认知得分越高(OR=1.117)的学生接种新冠病毒疫苗的意愿较高。患有某种慢性疾病的学生(OR=0.229)、妊娠及哺乳期妇女(OR=0.083)、自身有接种禁忌症(OR=0.085)...     

新冠病毒疫苗序贯免疫策略研究进展

新型冠状病毒感染疫情（简称新冠疫情）的大流行,给全球生命安全和经济发展造成了严重影响。接种新型冠状病毒疫苗（简称新冠病毒疫苗）是预防新型冠状病毒（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2）感染、降低其发病率和重症率的重要措施。目前全球共有6种不同技术路线的新冠病毒疫苗,即蛋白亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗（mRNA疫苗和DNA疫苗）、病毒载体疫苗、灭活疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、减毒活疫苗。序贯免疫策略是将不同技术路线的新冠病毒疫苗按照一定时间间隔、剂次完成接种,是解决疫苗短缺、应对病毒突变株、提高疫苗效力的有效策略,国内外很多学者开展了新冠病毒疫苗的序贯免疫策略研究。本文从新冠病毒灭活疫苗与mRNA疫苗、与腺病毒载体疫苗、与蛋白亚单位疫苗的序贯免疫策略及新冠病毒腺病毒载体疫苗与mRNA疫苗、与蛋白亚单位疫苗的序贯免疫策略5个方面对国内外新冠病毒疫苗序贯免疫策略的相关研究进行了概述,以期为新冠病毒疫苗的接种和免疫策略的制定提供参考依据。     

接种新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗血清抗体水平分析

目的 了解接种新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)灭活疫苗后血清抗体水平,为评价新冠病毒灭活疫苗免疫原性提供依据.方法 采用单组目标值试验设计,整群抽取2020年10-12月在杭州市西湖区接种新冠病毒灭活疫苗的18～59岁居民为研究对象.采集接种前,接种1剂次后14 d、28 d和接种2剂次后28 d的血样,应用磁微粒化学发光法检...     

新冠疫苗为何要接种加强针

虽然全世界都在如火如荼的接种新冠疫苗,但是新冠病毒仍十分猖獗.原因主要有二:除少数国家外,新冠疫苗接种率尚未能形成免疫屏障,新冠病毒在不断变异.另外一个不容忽视的问题是,新冠疫苗的有效性会随着时间的推移而下降.根据以色列卫生部公布的数据,辉瑞新冠疫苗的保护作用在接种6个月后出现下滑.     

2021年阿坝州居民新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析

目的 了解2021年阿坝藏族羌族自治州（简称“阿坝州”）居民对新冠病毒疫苗的知晓、接种意愿及分析其影响因素。方法 2021-08-10采用分层随机抽样法抽取农区、牧区、半农半牧区的689名志愿者进行面对面新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿及影响因素问卷调查,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行统计学分析,率的比较采用χ2检验,利用Logistics回归分析新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。结果 689名调查对象对新冠肺炎、新冠病毒疫苗的知晓率分别为98.0%和96.2%,知晓接种疫苗可以预防新冠肺炎、控制疫情分别为85.9%和85.8%。知晓得分越高,通过卫生机构媒体接受新冠病毒疫苗知识的居民更愿意接种新冠病毒疫苗。结论 阿坝州居民对新冠病毒疫苗知晓较高,了解意愿强烈,可分地区分人群开展相关健康教育,消除疫苗犹豫,加强疫苗接种助力新冠防控。     

新加坡新型冠状病毒疫苗免疫接种策略研究

截至2021年12月31日,新加坡累计报告已有4 758 601人完成至少一剂次新型冠状（新冠）病毒疫苗接种,4 714 655人完成两剂次新冠病毒疫苗接种,2 207 341人完成新冠病毒疫苗加强针接种。本研究通过深入分析新加坡新冠病毒疫苗接种现状,解读新加坡国家疫苗接种计划内容,系统梳理新加坡新冠病毒疫苗上门接种、...     

COVID-19 Vaccines in Children with Cow’s Milk and Food Allergies

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most challenging global health crisis of our times. Vaccination against COVID-19 plays a key role to control the current pandemic situation. The risk of allergic reactions to new COVID-19 vaccines is low. However, there is a debate on the safety in allergic patients following post marketing findings by different agencies. Our aim is to understand from current experiences whether children with cow’s milk or food allergy are at higher risk than a general population for allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. Current data indicate that patients with a history of allergy to cow’s milk or other foods, even if severe, should receive COVID-19 vaccine in a setting with availability of treatments for anaphylactic reactions and under medical supervision. Recipients should be discharged after a protracted observation period of 30 min if no reaction developed.     

Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old in the Republic of Korea

ObjectivesThis study aimed to disseminate information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine safety among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea.Methods Two databases were used to assess COVID-19 vaccine safety in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who completed the primary Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination series. Adverse events reported to the web-based COVID-19 vaccination management system (CVMS) and collected in the text message-based system were analyzed.Results From March 5, 2021 to February 13, 2022, 12,216 adverse events among 12- to 17-year-olds were reported to the CVMS, of which 97.1% were non-serious adverse events and 2.9% were serious adverse events, including 85 suspected cases of anaphylaxis, 74 suspected cases of myocarditis and/or pericarditis, and 2 deaths. From December 13, 2021 to January 26, 2022, 10,389 adolescents responded to a text message survey, and local/systemic adverse events were more common after dose 2 than after dose 1. The most commonly reported events following either vaccine dose were pain at the injection site, headache, fatigue/tiredness, and myalgia.ConclusionThe overall results are consistent with previous findings; the great majority of adverse events were non-serious, and serious adverse events were rare among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination.     

Hematologic adverse events reported after COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines: A national database study

Vaccination is the most important strategy in preventing COVID-19. Vaccine efficacy and safety have been established in clinical trials but real-world data are useful to determine occurrence of adverse events in a population with heterogeneous characteristics. Knowledge on the hematologic events associated with different COVID-19 vaccines would be beneficial for patients as well as hematologists who oversee the care of these patients.This study aimed to determine the rates and outcomes of hematologic adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines.In this self-controlled case series, there were 268 individuals reported to have hematologic adverse events. Most received Comirnaty at 29.85%. Majority (62.31%) reported hematologic adverse events following the first dose of the vaccine. The overall event rate was 0.0182 per 10,000 vaccine doses; and lymphadenopathy was the most common hematologic adverse effect with a rate of 0.011 per 10,000 vaccine doses, followed by anemia at 0.0034 per 10,000 vaccine doses and thrombocytopenia at 0.0017 per 10,000 vaccine doses. Autoimmune cytopenias were also reported with an event rate of 0.0007 per 10,000 vaccine doses for ITP. One-hundred thirty two (49.25%) were fully recovered and 23.88% were recovering from hematologic adverse events as of the time of writing.The study showed a low rate of hematologic adverse events post COVID-19 vaccination with the seven different vaccine brands administered in the Philippines.     

What impact does the attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination have on physicians as vaccine providers? A cross sectional study from the German outpatient sector

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination is recognized as a key component in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians’ attitudes toward vaccination are known to play a defining role in the management and dissemination of medical advice to patients. In Germany, outpatient practitioners are predominantly responsible for the dissemination of vaccines.MethodUsing a cross-sectional online survey, 932 outpatient general practitioners, gynecologists, and pediatricians in Germany were asked in fall, 2021, about their attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and – among others – their communication in vaccine discussions, their assessment of vaccine safety, and reporting of suspected adverse events. Physicians were divided into two groups along their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, multivariate linear regression models were constructed to assess differences in communication strategies.Results92 % of physicians had a positive or very positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. Own vaccination status, practice-based vaccination delivery, and estimated vaccination coverage among patients were significantly associated with the attitude toward vaccination. Confidence in vaccine safety was significantly lower among physicians with negative attitudes. There were no differences between the two groups in self-assessment of the ability to detect suspected adverse events, but there were differences in the observing and reporting of adverse events. For the linear regression models, we found that a more negative attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with increased acceptance of patient refusal of COVID-19 vaccination and empathic behavior for patient concerns. In contrast, willingness to engage in a detailed persuasion consultation was significantly lower. Pediatricians showed significantly higher empathy for patient-side concerns compared to general practitioners, whereas gynecologists showed less empathy than general practitioners.DiscussionThe physician’s attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination influences the physician’s practices as a vaccine provider. However, when providing medical advice and healthcare, the physician should focus on the actual needs of the patient.     

Immediate adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination among 16–65-year-old Danish citizens

IntroductionThere is sparse knowledge of immediate adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination.ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the frequency and number of immediate adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in a Danish population.MethodsThe study used data from the Danish population-based cohort study BiCoVac. The frequencies of 20 self-reported adverse reactions were estimated for each vaccine dose stratified by sex, age, and vaccine type. Also, the distributions of number of adverse reactions following each dose were estimated stratified by sex, age, vaccine type, and prior COVID-19 infection.ResultsA total of 889,503 citizens were invited and 171,008 (19 %) vaccinated individuals were included in the analysis. The most frequently reported adverse reaction following the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine was redness and/or pain at the injection site (20 %) while following the second and third dose, tiredness was the most frequently reported adverse reaction (22 % and 14 %, respectively). Individuals aged 26–35 years, females, and those with a prior COVID-19 infection were more likely to report adverse reactions compared with older individuals, males, and those with no prior COVID-19 infection, respectively. Following the first dose, individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1-2 (AstraZeneca) reported more adverse reactions compared with individuals vaccinated with other vaccine types. Individuals vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna) reported more adverse reactions following the second and third dose compared with individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech).ConclusionThe frequency of immediate adverse reactions was highest among females and younger persons, however, most of the Danish citizens did not experience immediate adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination.     

COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring in Republic of Korea from February 26, 2021 to October 31, 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to present data on reported adverse events following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Republic of Korea from February 26 to October 31, 2021, and to determine whether any significant patterns emerged from an analysis of the characteristics of suspected adverse event cases for each type of vaccine.MethodsAdverse events following COVID-19 vaccination reported by medical doctors and forensic pathologists were analyzed. Cases of suspected anaphylaxis were classified using the Brighton Collaboration definition.ResultsBy October 31, 2021, a total of 353,535 (0.45%) adverse events were reported after 78,416,802 COVID-19 vaccine doses. Of the adverse events, 96.4% were non-serious and 3.6% were serious. The most frequently reported adverse events were headache, myalgia, and dizziness. Of the 835 reported deaths after COVID-19 vaccination, 2 vaccine-related deaths were confirmed. Suspected anaphylaxis was confirmed in 454 cases using the Brighton Collaboration definition.ConclusionThe commonly reported symptoms were similar to those described in clinical trials. Most reported adverse events were non-serious, and the reporting rate of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination was higher in women than in men (581 vs. 315 per 100,000 vaccinations). Confirmed anaphylaxis was reported in 5.8 cases per 1,000,000 vaccinations.     

Effect of the suspension of the J&J COVID-19 vaccine on vaccine hesitancy in the United States

On April 13, 2021, U.S. authorities announced an investigation into potential adverse events associated with the Johnson & Johnson (Janssen, J&J) COVID-19 vaccine and recommended “a pause in the use of this vaccine out of an abundance of caution.” We examined whether public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination shifted after this recommended suspension using an interrupted time series with data from the Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey, which was fielded bi-weekly between January 6 and April 26, 2021. We found no significant changes in trends of the proportion of the U.S. adult population hesitant about getting a COVID-19 vaccine, but a significant increase in concerns about safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines among the already hesitant population.     

Safety surveillance of the NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccine among Koreans aged 18 years and over

BackgroundIn the Republic of Korea (Korea), the NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination was administered to 18-year-olds and over from February 14, 2022. This study sought to assess the frequency and severity of reported adverse events following the Novavax COVID-19 vaccination in Korea.MethodsAdverse events based on two national vaccine safety data were analyzed; the COVID-19 vaccination management system (CVMS) and the text-message survey (TMS).ResultsCVMS identified that the reporting rate of adverse events per 100,000 doses were lower after booster doses (84.0) than after dose 1 (254.6) or dose 2 (272.9); and in 65-year-olds and over (83.4) than in 18- to 64-year-olds (168.1). The TMS found that local and systemic adverse events were lower in 65-year-olds and over than in 18- to 64-year-olds (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall, we identified no major safety issues and fewer adverse events following the Novavax COVID-19 vaccination among 65-year-olds and over in Korea.     

Considerations for Establishing Successful Coronavirus Disease Vaccination Programs in Africa

The accelerated development of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) candidate vaccines is intended to achieve worldwide immunity. Ensuring COVID-19 vaccination is crucial to stemming the pandemic, reclaiming everyday life, and helping restore economies. However, challenges exist to deploying these vaccines, especially in resource-limited sub-Saharan Africa. In this article, we highlight lessons learned from previous efforts to scale up vaccine distribution and offer considerations for policymakers and key stakeholders to use for successful COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Africa. These considerations range from improving weak infrastructure for managing data and identifying adverse events after immunization to considering financing options for overcoming the logistical challenges of vaccination campaigns and generating demand for vaccine uptake. In addition, providing COVID-19 vaccination can be used to promote the adoption of universal healthcare, especially in sub-Saharan Africa countries.