曲妥珠单抗对HER-2阳性早期乳腺癌外周血循环肿瘤细胞的影响

目的:检测HER-2阳性的早期乳腺癌患者应用曲妥珠单抗治疗前后外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)的变化,探讨HER-2基因及曲妥珠单抗对CTCs的影响。方法:应用实时定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)方法检测15例HER-2阳性乳腺癌及18例HER-2阴性乳腺癌患者术前及化疗后外周血CK19的表达水平,其中10例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者在化疗结束后,继续应用曲妥珠单抗治疗,3月后再次抽取外周血,qRT-PCR检测CK-19的表达水平。结果:手术前,HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者外周血CK19表达均为阳性,而HER-2阴性患者6例CK19表达阳性(33.3%),二者差异显著。化疗后,14例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者CK19表达阳性(93.3%),而HER-2阴性患者仅2例表达阳性,二者差异显著。10例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者化疗后继续应用曲妥珠单抗治疗3月后,外周血CK19的表达明显下降(81.66±68.65 vs 23.35±19.27,P=0.025)。结论:HER-2基因的表达与早期乳腺癌患者外周血CTCs密切相关,而曲妥珠单抗可以降低CTCs的数量,提示CTCs可以作为曲妥珠单抗治疗疗效的早期预测指标。     

曲妥珠单抗在HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗中的应用研究进展

曲妥珠单抗是人表皮生长因子受体-2（human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2）的特异性抑制剂,在HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗中的应用日益广泛。大规模的随机、对照临床试验证实,新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗与单纯化疗比较能显著提高病理完全缓解（pathologic complete response,pCR）率。在曲妥珠单抗联合化疗的基础上加用拉帕替尼较单用曲妥珠单抗可大大提高pCR率。蒽环与非蒽环类化疗药物均可作为曲妥珠单抗的联合用药,内分泌治疗也可作为雌激素受体阳性患者的联合用药。pCR是曲妥珠单抗新辅助治疗后生存获益的独立预后因素,HER-2转阴而未达到pCR的患者为不良预后因素。本文将对曲妥珠单抗在HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助治疗中的研究进展进行综述。      

帕妥珠单抗在HER-2阳性乳腺癌治疗中的临床转化

帕妥珠单抗(pertuzumab)作为一种新的抗人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor,HER-2)治疗药物,其作用区域不同于曲妥珠单抗,两者联合可以发挥更全面的HER-2抑制作用,基础和临床转化研究均证实帕妥珠单抗和曲妥珠单抗有协同的抗肿瘤作用.Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期临床转化试验结果显示,抗HER-2两药治疗(帕妥珠单抗+曲妥珠单抗)联合化疗可使HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的中位无疾病进展时间(progression-free survival,PFS)延长到18个月以上,中位总生存时间(overall survival,OS)接近5年(56.5个月),显著改善了晚期HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者的预后.两项Ⅱ期新辅助治疗临床转化研究也确认帕妥珠单抗联合曲妥珠单抗的协同作用疗效同样突出,病理完全缓解(pathological complete response,pCR)率最高可达66.2％.安全性分析发现,即使是与蒽环类药物联用,加用帕妥珠单抗治疗也并未增加心脏毒性.本文对帕妥珠单抗在HER-2阳性乳腺癌治疗中的上述相关临床转化研究进行综述.     

曲妥珠单抗在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中的应用

人类表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2)蛋白在20%~25%的乳腺癌患者中呈过度表达状态,其过表达与肿瘤侵袭性强、复发率高和死亡率高密切相关。曲妥珠单克隆抗体(简称曲妥珠单抗)作为人源化抗HER-2单抗,通过多种机制表现出其对乳腺癌具有较好的疗效。目前,曲妥珠单抗已被常规应用于乳腺癌患者的手术后辅助化疗或转移性乳腺癌的治疗。手术前应用新辅助曲妥珠单抗联合化疗也可使HER-2阳性的乳腺癌患者从中受益,本文对此类新辅助化疗的疗效及不良反应进行了总结分析。     

曲妥珠单抗联合内分泌维持治疗HR和HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的 探讨曲妥珠单抗联合内分泌维持治疗激素受体（HR）和人表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）阳性复发转移性乳腺癌的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析本院2013年1月至2016年1月收治的HR和HER-2阳性复发转移性乳腺癌患者31例,一线曲妥珠单抗联合化疗达到病情缓解或稳定后继续曲妥珠单抗联合内分泌维持治疗,采用RECIST 1.1版标准评估维持治疗的疗效,采用常见不良反应事件评价标准（CTCAE）4.0版评价毒性反应,根据随访资料分析预后。结果 31例复发转移性乳腺癌维持治疗的中位无进展生存期为12.0个月（95％CI：5.4～18.6个月）。5例患者在一线化疗后获完全缓解,无可评估病灶,其余26例可评估近期疗效,总有效率和临床获益率分别为26.9％和88.5％。内分泌联合曲妥珠单抗的主要不良反应较轻,主要包括乏力（19.4％）、潮热（16.1％）和恶心呕吐（9.7％）。结论 一线曲妥珠单抗联合化疗有效后,曲妥珠单抗联合内分泌维持治疗HR+／HER-2+转移性乳腺癌可进一步改善患者的临床获益,且安全性良好。     

Her-2阳性转移性乳腺癌的生物靶向治疗

目的:回顾性分析本院2010年至2012年Her-2阳性转移性乳腺癌患者的治疗经验,评价在曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇治疗的基础上联合与不联合帕妥珠单抗的疗效。方法:设定一定的入选及排除标准,筛选出符合要求的病例进行分析。采用曲妥珠单抗+帕妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇治疗的患者为观察组（54例）,曲妥珠单抗+紫杉醇治疗的患者为对照组（71例）,比较2种治疗方法的疗效。结果:相比于曲妥珠单抗+紫杉醇,曲妥珠单抗+帕妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇治疗在肿瘤缓解率及肿瘤无进展生存期方面具有明显优势,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:曲妥珠单抗+帕妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇治疗Her-2阳性转移性乳腺癌疗效更好,值得临床推广。     

血清miR-129-5p水平与HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者曲妥珠单抗敏感性的相关性分析

目的:探索HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者的血清miR-129-5p水平对曲妥珠单抗敏感性的预测价值。方法:入组HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者107例,均接受曲妥珠单抗靶向治疗,依据实体瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST 1.0）将患者分为曲妥珠单抗敏感组（76例）和曲妥珠单抗耐药组（31例）,实时荧光定量PCR法检测初次曲妥珠单抗治疗前患者血清miR-129-5p水平,并与同期35名健康体检女性人群的血清miR-129-5p水平比较;分析患者的血清miR-129-5p水平与其临床病理特征的关系;使用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）确定患者血清miR-129-5p水平对曲妥珠单抗治疗敏感性的预测价值和其阈值。结果:曲妥珠单抗敏感组患者的血清miR-129-5p水平显著低于健康对照组（0.627±0.058 vs 1.027±0.129,P=0.001）,而曲妥珠单抗耐药组患者的血清miR-129-5p水平显著低于敏感组患者（0.276±0.031 vs 0.627±0.058,P=0.002）。HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者的血清miR-129-5p水平与年龄、月经情况、ECOG评分、肿瘤转移部位均无关,但与组织学分级及肿瘤转移部位数量有关,I-II级患者的miR-129-5p水平显著低于III级患者,有一个或两个肿瘤转移部位的患者的血清miR-129-5p水平显著低于有三个或以上肿瘤转移部位的患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析表明患者的血清miR-129-5p水平对区分曲妥珠单抗敏感与耐药患者的阈值为0.43,灵敏度为0.89,特异度为0.72,且曲妥珠单抗耐药组患者血清miR-129-5p≤0.43的患者比例显著高于敏感组患者（71.0% vs 26.3 %,P＜0.05）。结论:HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者的血清miR-129-5p水平可有效预测其对曲妥珠单抗的疗效,有望成为预测患者曲妥珠单抗疗效的有效生物标记物。     

曲妥珠单抗治疗失败的HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者不同后续治疗方案的疗效及影响因素分析

目的:观察人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2）阳性乳腺癌患者曲妥珠单抗治疗失败后不同后续治疗方案的疗效,分析影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月在我院肿瘤科治疗的曲妥珠单抗治疗失败的94例HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者,根据其后续治疗方案不同将其分为A组（接受单纯化疗）、B组（接受曲妥珠单抗+化疗）和C组（接受拉帕替尼+化疗）;比较三组患者治疗效果,并分析可能影响抗HER-2治疗效果的相关因素。结果:94例患者均完成随访,中位随访时间22.3个月。三组患者中位无进展生存期（median progression free survival,mPFS）分别为3个月、4.5个月及6个月,差异有统计学意义（P<0.000 1）;C组PFS较A组及B组均明显延长,B组PFS较A组明显延长。A、B、C三组客观有效率（objective response rate,ORR）分别为8.7%、29.7%、38.2%,三组的临床获益率（clinical benefit rate,CBR）分别为21.7%、54.1%、64.7%,以上差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对可能影响PFS的单因素进行分析,拉帕替尼、一线疗程（曲妥珠单抗）获益时间≥6个月、无内脏转移是PFS的影响因素;而拉帕替尼、一线疗程（曲妥珠单抗）获益时间≥6个月是PFS的独立影响因素。结论:对于曲妥珠单抗治疗失败的HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者,后续治疗方案中含抗HER-2靶向药物可改善患者预后。     

曲妥珠单抗联合微波热疗治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨曲妥珠单抗联合微波热疗治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2018年1月至2018年12月收治的HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者54例,按随机表法分为治疗组与对照组,每组27例。两组均采用曲妥珠单抗治疗,治疗组同时给予微波热疗。比较两组患者免疫功能、循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）、生存质量、近期疗效、总生存期及不良反应情况。结果:治疗组免疫功能和生存质量提高（P<0.05）,CTCs数量下降（P<0.05）;治疗组近期疗效及总生存期优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:曲妥珠单抗联合微波热疗治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者具有良好的临床疗效且安全性较高。     

曲妥珠单抗联合新辅助化疗对HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者近远期疗效的影响

目的 探讨曲妥珠单抗联合新辅助化疗对表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)阳性乳腺癌患者的疗效.方法 选取HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者58例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各29例.对照组给予表柔比星联合多西他赛的方案进行新辅助化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予曲妥珠单抗治疗.比较两组患者的近期、远期疗效.结果 观察组有效率(RR)及病理完全缓解(pCR)率明显优于对照组,5年总生存率(OS)及5年无病生存率(DFS)明显高于对照组.结论 曲妥珠单抗联合新辅助化疗治疗HER-2阳性乳腺癌近期疗效显著,并可有效改善患者预后,值得临床推广应用.     

曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼及多西紫杉醇一线治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的安全性和有效性

目的:观察曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼及多西紫杉醇一线治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的安全性和有效性。方法:这是一项前瞻、单臂、开放标签的单中心Ⅱ期临床研究(ChiCTR1800015814)。HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌一线治疗给予曲妥珠单抗(6 mg/kg,首剂8 mg/kg)联合拉帕替尼(1 000 mg/d)及多西紫杉醇(75 mg/m2),每3周重复。对非进展的患者继续用药直至疾病进展或毒性不可耐受,但最长用药时间不超过2年。主要研究终点是有效率,次要终点是PFS和OS。结果:自2016年9月至2019年5月共入组65例患者。本方案的剂量限制性毒性为腹泻,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度腹泻发生率为24.6%。总体有效率为69.2%(CR 3.1%,PR 66.1%),激素受体阴性患者有效率明显优于激素受体阳性患者(76.7% vs 57.1%,P＜0.01)。中位随访31个月,PFS为16.4个月(95%CI:13.4~19.6个月)。尚未达到中位OS时间。Log-rank检验显示是否内脏转移、是否多器官转移对PFS的影响具有统计学意义(P＜0.01和P=0.022)。结论:曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼及多西紫杉醇毒性可耐受,疗效较好,作为HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌一线治疗新的治疗策略,值得进一步研究。     

HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗治疗的影响因素及预后分析

目的:探讨人类表皮生长因子受体（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2）阳性乳腺癌患者应用新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗的疗效及其预后的影响因素。方法:选取2014年01月01日至2018年12月31日郑州市第三人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科收治经穿刺病理证实为乳腺癌的患者151例,免疫组化结果均显示为HER-2阳性,并行新辅助化疗,根据患者经济条件及意愿选择是否接受曲妥珠单抗治疗,将其分为单纯新辅助化疗组（neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC）94例,新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗组（NAC+H）57例,对比两组患者无病生存期（disease-free survival,DFS）和总生存期（overall survival,OS）情况,并分析影响预后的相关因素。结果: 151例HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者中,NAC+H组患者DFS（P=0.046）和OS（P=0.026）均明显优于NAC组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义。术前淋巴结状态、术后淋巴结状态、肿瘤大小、MP分级是影响患者DFS和OS的主要影响因素（P值分别为0.032、0.018、0.038、0.010）。结论:接受新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗的HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者预后较好,两组在新辅助治疗后肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态及MP分级结果存在明显差异,该结果对选择合理的治疗方案、判断预后有重要作用。     

Incidence of cerebral metastases in patients treated with trastuzumab for metastatic breast cancer

Trastuzumab is an effective treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that overexpresses HER-2. A high incidence of brain metastases (BM) has been noted in patients receiving trastuzumab. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 100 patients commencing trastuzumab for metastatic breast cancer from July 1999 to December 2002, at the Christie Hospital. Seven patients were excluded; five patients developed central nervous system metastases prior to starting trastuzumab, and inadequate data were available for two. Out of the remaining 93 patients, 23 (25%) have developed BM to date. In all, 46 patients have died, and of these 18 (39%) have been diagnosed with BM prior to death. Of the 23 patients developing BM, 18 (78%) were hormone receptor negative and 18 (78%) had visceral disease. Univariate analysis showed a significant association between the development of cerebral disease and both hormone receptor status and the presence of visceral disease. In conclusion, a high proportion of patients with MBC treated with trastuzumab develop symptomatic cerebral metastases. HER-2-positive breast cancer may have a predilection for the brain, or trastuzumab therapy may change the disease pattern by prolonging survival. New strategies to address this problem require investigation in this group of patients.     

Cardiac toxicity of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with high-dose chemotherapy: a retrospective study

HER-2 overexpression is associated to a poor prognosis in high-risk and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). HER-2 status is also a predictive factor and when trastuzumab is administered in combination with or sequentially to chemotherapy, a significant disease-free and/or overall survival improvement has been observed in HER-2+ early and MBC. Unfortunately, in both settings, trastuzumab is associated with an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction (CD). We have reviewed the clinical charts of HER-2-overexpressing MBC patients treated with trastuzumab after HDC. Age, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), radiation therapy on cardiac area, exposure to anthracycline, single or multiple transplant, high-dose agents, trastuzumab treatment duration were recorded as potential risk factors. In total, 53 patients have been included in the analysis. Median LVEF at baseline was 60.5%; at the end of trastuzumab (data available for 28 patients only), it was 55% (P = 0.01). Five out of the 28 (17.9%) patients experienced CD. Two out of 53 (3.8%) patients developed a congestive heart failure. Age > or = 50 years and multiple transplant procedure were potential risk factors for CD. The overall incidence of CD observed in this population of HER-2+ MBC patients treated with trastuzumab after HDC is not superior to that reported with concomitant trastuzumab and anthracyclines. However, patients with age > or = 50 years or receiving multiple course of HDC should be considered at risk for CD.     

HER-2/neu positive breast cancer: how to prescribe adjuvant trastuzumab (Herceptin)?

One of the most recent advances in the management of Her-2/neu positive breast cancer is the validation of a targeted therapy from bench to the clinic, particularly towards the adjuvant setting. The recommended dose of trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the HER-2 antigen, has been determined in phase I studies. In the metastatic patients two randomised trials have demonstrated its efficacy when associated to taxanes. In less than 10 years, trastuzumab became the standard of care in the adjuvant treatment of HER-2/neu positive breast cancer. In this setting, two combinations regimen with chemotherapy (concomitant or sequential) have been recently published. The concomitant schedule has been used in three studies (North American Group, BCIRG, FinHer), whereas in the Hera trial trastuzumab was started after the end of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. In this article, the advantages and uncertainties on efficacy and toxicities of the trastuzumab administration modalities, associated or not to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are discussed.     

Use of trastuzumab for the treatment of early stage breast cancer

In 1985, a growth factor pathway that depends on the presence of a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor present on the surface of 20–25% of breast cancer cells was discovered. The receptor is called human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 and the prognosis of those patients whose tumors overexpress it is poor. In the 1980s, a monoclonal antibody against this receptor, trastuzumab, was developed and, in 1998, approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In 2005, the results of five trials evaluating trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting, involving more than 10,000 women, were presented. Despite differences in design and having a short follow-up (between 1 and 2 years), these studies show the same astonishing results that adjuvant trastuzumab therapy halves the recurrence rate and reduces mortality by 30% in those trials mature enough to show survival gains. This benefit is, on average, higher than that of adjuvant chemotherapy and similar to that seen with adjuvant hormonal therapy. The main setback of trastuzumab is its potential for cardiotoxicity, although benefits seem to outweigh risks and the ensuing congestive heart failure is generally reversible. Today, the evaluation of HER-2 expression should be mandatory in every early breast cancer patient, since without it, there is the risk that access to this highly effective drug will be denied for women belonging to this unfavorable subgroup of patients.     

Immunotherapy: new options in breast cancer treatment

Immunotherapy is a promising new approach in breast cancer treatment, complementing surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and antihormonal therapy. Primarily, two treatment options are available which are supported by a rapidly growing body of clinical evidence. These are active specific immunotherapy with Theratope and passive immunotherapy targeting the HER-2 receptor with trastuzumab (Herceptin). Trastuzumab has a proven efficacy as monotherapy as well as in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in HER-2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab is generally well tolerated although cardiotoxicity has been observed, especially when in combination with doxorubicin (Adriamycin), where this can be a serious concern. Therefore, less cardiotoxic combinations with docetaxel (Taxotere), vinorelbine (Navelbine) and epirubicin (Pharmorubicin) or cyclophosphamide (Endoxana) have been tested. The combination of trastuzumab with paclitaxel (Taxol) is well approved. The use of trastuzumab in adjuvant and preoperative therapy is currently being examined in controlled trials. After a brief outline of immunotherapy with Theratope and trastuzumab, this article reviews recent and ongoing clinical studies conducted with trastuzumab.