雷珠单抗治疗早产儿视网膜病变对眼部生物学参数的影响

目的:探讨玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)对眼部参数的影响,并分析其与出生体质量(BW)和矫正后年龄(PMA)的关系。方法:选取2016-01-01/2022-01-31于西北妇女儿童医院接受常规ROP筛查的早产儿98例,根据Retcam3眼底筛查结果分为ROP组(49例)和无ROP组(49例),其中ROP组患儿双眼均行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗,平均治疗PMA为38.02±3.03周。两组患儿分别于PMA 0月(40周±14d)、PMA 3月(52周±28d)、PMA 6月(64周±28d)测量眼部参数。结果:PMA 0月时,ROP组和无ROP组患儿眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、晶状体厚度(LT)、玻璃体长度(VL)和中央角膜厚度(CCT)均无差异(P>0.05);PMA 3、6月时,ROP组患儿ACD均大于无ROP组,LT均小于无ROP组(P<0.05);PMA 6月时,ROP组患儿AL、VL均小于无ROP组(P<0.05)。ROP组和无ROP组患儿AL、ACD、VL与PMA呈正相关,CCT与PMA呈负相关;无ROP组患儿LT与PMA呈正相...     

极低体重早产儿视网膜病变的临床研究

目的对极低体重早产儿出生后各因素进行分析，以寻找可能与早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）形成的有关因素及可能影响ROP轻重程度的因素。方法回顾2002年7月至2004年4月我院检查的130例体重≤1500g早产儿的临床资料，并进行统计学分析。结果ROP组60例，正常眼底组70例。ROP组平均出生体重(1256.3±196.8)g及平均孕周(29.583 3±1.543 6)周，而正常眼底组平均出生体重（1337.8±146）g、平均孕周（31.217 4±2.430 6)周。39例外地患儿中早产儿视网膜病变32例占82.1%（轻度ROP 1例,重度ROP 31例）,91例北京患儿中早产儿视网膜病变28例占30.8%（轻度ROP 15例，重度ROP 13例） 。轻度ROP的首次检查时间为(36.062 5±2.909 0)周,明显早于重度ROP(59.477 3±33.604 0)周。非玻璃体切割组的首次就诊时间及首次手术时间明显早于玻璃体切割组。结论低体重是ROP的高危因素，外地早产儿ROP较多。ROP的严重程度与首次检查时间有关，ROP手术方式与首次检查时间及首次手术时间有关。（中华眼底病杂志，2005，21：275-277）     

无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿早期眼轴的初步研究

目的：探究无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿早期眼轴长度(axial length,AL),分析AL与性别、胎龄、矫正胎龄、出生体质量及其它眼部生物学参数的相关性。

方法：选取2016-03/10于西北妇女儿童医院眼科筛查的无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿400例800眼作为研究对象,对出生后4～6wk内首次检查所获得的AL等相关数据进行分析。

结果：本研究纳入早产儿400例800眼,右眼和左眼AL分别为16.11±0.58、16.13±0.53mm,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),故以双眼AL的平均值作为该组受检者的AL即16.12±0.55mm。本研究中,不同性别早产儿AL差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析表明,AL与胎龄、出生体质量、矫正胎龄、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度均呈正相关(r=0.427、0.401、0.635、0.691、0.878,均P<0.01),与晶状体厚度呈负相关(r=-0.153,P<0.01)。将上述因素纳入多元线性回归分析发现,AL与胎龄、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度具有显著相关性,得出回归方程Y=4.109+0.029X₁+0.481X₂+0.978X₃(Y=AL,X₁=胎龄,X₂=前房深度,X₃=玻璃体腔长度)。

结论：无早产儿视网膜病变的早产儿早期平均AL为16.12±0.55mm,且其与性别无关,与胎龄、出生体质量、矫正胎龄、前房深度、玻璃体腔长度均呈正相关,与晶状体厚度呈负相关。     

早产儿视网膜病变

近10余年来,随着我国围产医学和新生儿学的突飞猛进的发展,新生儿重症监护病房的普遍建立,早产儿、低出生体重儿经抢救存活率明显提高,过去曾经在发达国家出现问题的早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathyofprematurity,ROP)在我国也开始发现并有发病上升趋势,最近国内媒体也有报道由ROP引起的医疗纠纷并已引起社会的注意。本文回顾POP的历史发展、国际分类、临床病理、诊断要点、筛查标准,以及治疗原则等,以供参考。一、历史回顾1940年以前,由于低出生体重儿的生存率低下,ROP致盲的问题尚未引起人们的注意。其后对早产儿使用保育器和吸入高浓…     

早产儿视网膜病变的高危因素分析

目的 探讨极低出生体重儿发生ROP的高危因素。方法 对20例出生体重、孕周、出生后的吸氧时间、方式等进行了回顾性分析。结果 出生体重低、孕周短、出生后长时间用氧、贫血和呼吸系统疾患是造成ROP的重要原因。结论 对贫血或有呼吸系统疾患的早产极低体重儿应加以重视。     

筛查标准在早产儿视网膜病变中的应用

目的 正确认识早产儿视网膜病变(简称ROP)的筛查标准;评价筛查标准在早产儿视网膜病变防治中的实用性、可行性、有效性;探讨建立完善的早产儿视网膜病变筛查体系,提高筛查水平.方法 回顾性研究.收集2005年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间住院治疗并新生儿医师请会诊的672例早产儿.参照中华医学会制定的早产儿视网膜病变防治指南进行筛查.在早产儿生后4～6周,由有经验的眼科医师应用双目间接眼底镜对其进行定期眼底筛查.每两周行1～2次早产儿的眼底筛查,根据患儿筛查情况结果,决定进行下一步的工作.结果(1)在所筛查的672例早产儿中首检为正常视网膜者605例,发生ROP 67例,占9.97％,其中ROP Ⅰ期38只眼,ROPⅡ期60只眼,ROPⅢ期4只眼,ROPⅢ期伴plus病变(3区)16只眼,ROPⅢ期伴plus病变(2区)10只眼,ROPⅣ期2只眼,AP-ROP(进展性后部ROP)2只眼;阈值前病变20只眼,阈值病变14只眼.(2)其中接受眼底激光治疗26只眼,行玻璃体切割手术6只眼(ROP发展至Ⅳ期);其中死亡5例10只眼.(3)67例ROP患儿出生体重均低于2500 g;出生体重≤1000 g、1001～1500 g、1501～2000 g、≤2500 g的早产儿ROP的比例分别为56.76％、12.83％、5.10％、3.42％.(4)孕周小于32W,发生ROP 55例,占82.09％;孕周小于34W,发生ROP 64例,占95.52％.结论 早产、低出生体重是ROP发生的高危因素;对于全身疾病严重的患儿需适当放宽筛查标准.根据不同地域,制定不同的筛查标准.孕周小于34周或出生体重小于2000g的早产儿进行ROP筛查的标准是可行的,值得推广应用.     

早产儿视网膜病变激光治疗结果

虽然对新生儿护理已有很大的改进,仍有40%~51%出生时体重低于1700克的婴儿发生早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP),其中许多患眼致盲。1972年首次应用冷凝治疗ROP,1988年其疗效被多中心治疗阈值ROP的结果所证实。近年研究证实激光治疗ROP同样有效,且较少发生严重的副作用。作者于1997~2002年采用激光治疗19例37眼(其中1例为单眼)ROP3期“+”患者。病变位于眼底I或II区相邻连续5个或5个以上钟点、或累积达8个钟点的阈值病变。患者出生时体重(816±283)克(480~1455克),胎龄(26±2)周(23~31周)。男性9例,女性10例。光凝…     

儿童眼部生物学参数的影响因素分析

目的 了解眼别、性别以及年龄对儿童眼部生物学参数的影响,探索其演变规律。方法 横断面研究。征集于2019年1月至2020年1月,因眼部健康检查首诊我院的年龄在3～18岁的儿童。检查并记录患儿双眼裸眼视力(UCVA)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)和眼压(IOP),眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、角膜宽度(WTW)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜平均曲率(K)、角膜平坦曲率(K1)、角膜陡峭曲率(K2)、角膜散光(CYL)均通过光学生物测量仪AL-Scan检测;睫状肌麻痹下检影验光,记录并换算为等效球镜(SE)。入选者按年龄分为A组(3～5岁)、B组(6～11岁)、C组(12～18岁)。采用SPSS 26.0软件分析数据。结果 征集3～16岁儿童528例。右眼的AL比左眼长0.04 mm,K2比左眼低0.06 D,CYL比左眼低0.08 D(P <0.05)。男孩的AL比女孩长0.56 mm,ACD比女孩深0.13 mm,WTW比女孩宽0.21 mm,K、K1、K2分别比女孩低0.74 D、0.71 D及0.75 D(P <0.05)。BCVA(A组0.73±0.25,B组0....     

严重早产儿视网膜病变的临床特征分析

早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity, ROP）是20世纪中期西方发达国家儿童致盲的首位原因。近几年，ROP在中等收入国家有上升趋势。如在泰国和菲律宾的乡村，ROP并未见报告，但在有早产儿救治机构的城市，ROP则是引起15％儿童盲的重要原因。随着我国新生儿重症监护水平的提高，低出生体重的早产儿存活率不断上升，随之ROP的发生率亦有增加趋势。     

低体重早产儿使用地塞米松与视网膜病变发展进程的相关性

目的：评价地塞米松疗法对早产儿视网膜病变（ retinopathy of prematurity,ROP ）的发生率和严重程度的影响。 ROP是导致婴幼儿视力损害的重要原因之一,甚至导致失明。近年来,由于新生儿护理技术的提高,能够存活的（极）低出生体重儿不断增加,导致发生ROP高危人群的产生。产前和产后类固醇（ postnatal steroids,PNS）的使用对ROP发生率的影响尚有争议,并且该制剂与ROP严重程度的相关性尚未评估。
　　方法：选取儿童医院2012－04／2013－06出生体重不足1500克并胎龄不足29周的115例新生儿进行双盲对照研究。随机分为病例组和对照组,病例组内给予8～14 d的新生儿静脉滴注地塞米松,对照组不予注射。从出生后
　　6 wk开始进行眼科检查并持续至病症消退。结果：收入新生儿重症监护室、出生体重不足1500克的新生儿的存活率为69％（80／115）。新生儿胎龄越低（≤25周和26～28周） ROP发生率越高。参加此项研究的58例婴幼儿中,ROP （二期或二期以上）的发生率为8．6％。在接受PNS的28例新生儿中,2例（7．4％）发生严重的早产儿视网膜病变。而在没有接受PNS的30例新生儿中,有3例（9．7％）确诊为ROP。接受PNS婴幼儿与对照组婴幼儿ROP的发生率无显著差异（ P＝0．35）。此外,病例组（7．4％）和对照组（9．7％）比较,严重ROP（二期以上）发生率也无显著差异（P＝0．36）。
　　结论：此研究表明,接受地塞米松静脉滴注的新生儿与未接受地塞米松滴注的新生儿在早产儿视网膜病变的发生率和严重程度上无显著差异。因此,注射地塞米松治疗早产儿慢性肺病通常不会增加ROP发生的危险性。     

RetCam image analysis of the optic disc in premature infants

Purpose

To evaluate the correlation between optic disc parameters and birth weight or gestational age in premature infants.

Methods

RetCam fundal images were taken of 97 premature infants who needed screening for retinopathy of prematurity and who had no ischemic brain injury. The images were taken at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks and analyzed. The optic disc cup to disc ratio, optic disc area, rim area, and cup to disc area ratio were calculated using image analysis. We evaluated the relationship between these optic disc parameters and gestational age or birth weight.

Results

The optic cup to disc ratio was less than 0.15 in 139 eyes (71.6%) and 0.5 or more in six eyes (3.1%). The optic cup disc area ratio was less than 0.05 in 146 eyes (75.3%) and 0.3 or more in four eyes (2.1%). On evaluating the association between optic disc parameters and gestational age or birth weight, optic disc cup to disc ratio, optic disc area, rim area, and cup to disc area ratio did not show significant relationships.

Conclusion

The optic disc parameters of premature infants had no correlation with birth weight and gestational age.     

无视网膜病变早产儿生后早期的屈光状态研究

目的 了解早产儿生后早期的屈光发育.方法 横断面研究.收集生后4～6周进行早产儿视网膜病变筛查的无视网膜病变的早产儿253例,按矫正胎龄进行分组:A组(22只眼),矫正胎龄≤34周;B组(52只眼),矫正胎龄>34周且≤36周;C组(126只眼),矫正胎龄>36周且≤38周;D组(144只眼),矫正胎龄>38周且≤40周;E组(136只眼),矫正胎龄>40周且≤42周,F组(26只眼),矫正胎龄>42周且≤44周.行睫状肌麻痹检影验光确定屈光状态.其中38例在矫正胎龄40～44周时的屈光与同龄足月对照组比较.定量资料为非正态分布,使用Mann-Whitney U检验,相关性使用Spearman相关分析及回归分析.定性资料使用X2检验.结果 早产儿随出生体重的增加、孕龄和检查时矫正胎龄的增大,等效球镜远视程度增大.出生体重是等效球镜的显著影响因素.近视发生率14.43%,并随着矫正胎龄的增加而下降.散光发生率10.28%,各年龄组间差异无统计学意义.散光度中位数+1.00 DC,随着矫正胎龄的增加而增大,与出生孕龄和体重无关.散光轴向中位数90°,与矫正胎龄、出生孕龄和体重均无关.矫正胎龄40～44周的早产儿和足月儿比较,除等效球镜差异有统计学意义,前者有更大的近视趋势外,近视发生率、散光发生率、散光度、散光轴向的差异均无统计学意义.结论 早产儿屈光状态随发育向远视方向发展,但到矫正胎龄40～44周时仍较足月儿有较大的近视趋势,其潜在机制及随后的屈光发育有待进一步研究.(中华眼科杂志,2009,45:607-611)     

Effects of diode laser photocoagulation treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity

AIM:To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP(n=68)and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment(n=50)were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length as follows:1 d prior to laser treatment,and 3,6,9,and 12 mo after the laser treatment.RESULTS:The mean birth weight,gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g,26.66±2.42 wk,36.26±2.73 wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g,27.28±2.10 wk,36.56±2.54 wk in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups.Anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups(P<0.001 for each).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of anterior chamber depth after laser treatment.Measurements of the lens thickness at 9 th and 12 th months(9 th month 3.70±0.22 vs 3.60±0.21 mm,P=0.017;12 th month 3.81±0.21 vs 3.69±0.22 mm,P=0.002)and the axial length at 12 th month(19.35±0.79 vs 19.13±0.54 mm,P=0.031)after laser treatment were statistically higher in the treatment group.CONCLUSION:Diode laser retinal photocoagulation treatment in premature infants seems to increase the lens thickness and axial length.     

早产儿出生后早期屈光系统发育及其影响因素

目的：探讨早产儿矫正胎龄32～40周的屈光系统发育情况,评估早产儿眼轴长度与出生体质量及出生孕龄的相关性。方法：系列病例研究。选取2018年3─12月在浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院以及温州医科大学附属眼视光医院接受早产儿视网膜病变筛查的早产儿为研究对象,在矫正胎龄 32～40周时右眼行A超检查并记录,得到前房深度、晶状体厚度、玻璃体长度、眼轴长度等数据。 记录早产儿的出生体质量、出生孕龄及接受检查时的矫正胎龄。分别根据出生孕龄（出生孕龄<30周, 出生孕龄≥30周）及出生体质量（出生体质量<1 500 g,出生体质量≥1 500 g）对早产儿进行分组并 评估其与眼轴长度的相关性。采用Pearson相关性分析研究屈光系统参数与矫正胎龄的关系,2组间 眼轴长度的比较采用独立样本t检验。结果：共496例早产儿纳入研究,收集屈光系统参数1 385次。 前房深度（r=0.384,P<0.001）,晶状体厚度（r=0.295,P<0.001）,玻璃体长度（r=0.723,P<0.001）,眼轴长度（r=0.782,P<0.001）均与矫正胎龄呈正相关。出生孕龄<30周以及出生孕龄≥30周的早产儿眼轴差异无统计学意义。出生体质量<1 500 g的早产儿较出生体质量≥1 500 g的早产儿在矫正胎龄38～40周时眼轴更短,差异有统计学意义（t=2.195,P=0.030;t=2.504,P=0.015;t=1.989,P=0.048）。结论：早产儿出生后早期,出生孕龄对眼轴影响不大,极低出生体质量早产儿有较短的眼轴。     

Ocular Biometry Parameters and Factors in Early Stages of Premature Infants

Objective: To study the development of the ocular biometry parameters and evaluate the relationship between axial length with gestational age and birth weight during 32 to 40 weeks of postnatal age. Methods: Premature infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity at Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University were included from March to December 2018. Infants were divided into groups based on age, gestational age (GA) <30 weeks and GA ≥30 weeks, and birth weight, birth weight (BW) <1 500 g and BW ≥1 500 g. They were examined between 32 to 40 weeks of postnatal age (PA). Anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous length (VL) and axial length (AL) were measured with an A-scan biometer. BW and GA were recorded. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between refractive system parameters and GA. The independent-samples t test was used to compare the AL between the two groups. Results: A total of 1 385 readings were recorded from 496 infants. The ACD (r=0.384, P<0.001), LT (r=0.295, P<0.001), VL (r=0.723, P<0.001) and AL (r=0.782, P<0.001) were all positively correlated with PA. There were no statistically significant differences in AL in the two groups from 32 to 40 weeks of PA (P>0.05). The average AL differed significantly from 38 to 40 weeks of PA in the two groups based on birth weight (t=2.195, P=0.030; t=2.504, P=0.015; t=1.989, P=0.048). Conclusions: In the early postnatal period of premature infants, gestational age has little effect on AL, however infants with low birth weight have a shorter AL.     

Changes of the peripapillary vascular parameters in premature infants without retinopathy of prematurity using U-net segmentation

AIM: To quantitatively assess the changes in mean vascular tortuosity (mVT) and mean vascular width (mVW) around the optic disc and their correlation with gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) in premature infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: A single-center retrospective study included a total of 133 (133 eyes) premature infants [mean corrected gestational age (CGA) 43.6wk] without ROP as the premature group and 130 (130 eyes) CGA-matched full-term infants as the control group. The peripapillary mVT and mVW were quantitatively measured using computer-assisted techniques. RESULTS: Premature infants had significantly higher mVT (P=0.0032) and lower mVW (P=0.0086) by 2.68 (104 cm-3) and 1.85 μm, respectively. Subgroup analysis with GA showed significant differences (P=0.0244) in mVT between the early preterm and middle to late preterm groups, but the differences between mVW were not significant (P=0.6652). The results of the multiple linear regression model showed a significant negative correlation between GA and BW with mVT after adjusting sex and CGA (P=0.0211 and P=0.0006, respectively). For each day increase in GA at birth, mVT decreased by 0.1281 (104 cm-3) and for each 1 g increase in BW, mVT decreased by 0.006 (104 cm-3). However, GA (P=0.9402) and BW (P=0.7275) were not significantly correlated with mVW. CONCLUSION: Preterm birth significantly affects the peripapillary vascular parameters that indicate higher mVT and narrower mVW in premature infants without ROP. Alterations in these parameters may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of ocular vascular disease.     

0~6岁早产儿和正常儿童屈光状态的比较研究

目的：探讨0~6岁早产儿和正常儿童的屈光发育情况。方法病例对照研究。回访自2011年9月至2012年9月在武汉大学人民医院进行早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)筛查的无视网膜病变的早产儿1164例,其中纳入研究1088例（2176只眼）,按矫正胎龄分组：<0.5岁（150例）,≥0.5岁且<1.0岁（118例）,≥1.0岁且<1.5岁（155例）,≥1.5岁且<2.0岁（137例）,≥2.0岁且<2.5岁（153例）,≥2.5岁且<3.0岁（95例）,≥3.0岁且<4.0岁（103例）,≥4.0岁且<5.0岁（89例）,≥5.0岁（88例）。同时收集来武汉大学人民医院门诊体检的正常足月儿1191例,纳入同龄随机对照组足月儿1102例（2204只眼）。所有儿童行睫状肌麻痹检影验光确定屈光状态。其中3~6岁早产儿采用相干光生物测量仪（IOL Master）测量眼轴和角膜曲率。定量资料组间差异使用t检验,定性资料组间差异采用卡方检验。相关性使用多元线性回归分析。结果0～6岁早产儿平均近视患病率为9.1%,足月儿为4.4%;0～6岁早产儿平均散光患病率为35.4%,足月儿为18.9%。2～6岁早产儿平均球镜度数为（1.15±0.87）D,平均柱镜度数为（0.84±0.71）D,平均等效球镜度数为（1.47±0.28）D,球镜、等效球镜度数以及柱镜均随年龄的增大而呈现下降趋势。3～6岁早产儿等效球镜度数与眼轴、角膜曲率、胎龄、出生体重及年龄相关（r=-0.232,0.112,0.117,0.254,-0.215;P=0.000,0.009,0.008,0.000,0.001）。结论早产儿近视及散光患病率高于足月儿;早产儿正视化过程要早于足月儿。（中华眼科杂志,2015,51：505-509）     

Birth weight and gestational age on retinopathy of prematurity in discordant twins in China

AIM:To assess the relative effect of birth weight and gestational age on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using preterm twin pairs discordant for birth weigh in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in China.METHODS: Fifty-six discordant twin pairs of 112 preterm infants were retrospectively analyzed. The twin pairs were divided into two subgroups based on birth weight in each pair. The occurrence of ROP and severe ROP requiring treatment were compared between the lower birth weight infants and their co-twins with the higher birth weight. Some neonatal morbidities related to prematurity and neonatal characteristics were also compared between the twin pairs.RESULTS: Based on the univariate analysis, gestational age and birth weight were significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of ROP. But no significant differences in ROP between larger and smaller infants were observed in the twin-paired analysis. The incidence of neonatal morbidities regarding respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis and neonatal characteristics regarding gender distribution, one- and five-minute Apgar score, postnatal steroid treatment, blood transfusion, supplemental oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation were not different between the twins. However, gestational age of ≤28wk was significantly associated with significantly higher rates of ROP and severe ROP.CONCLUSION: Gestational age is a better predictor of ROP than birth weight in the twin-paired study.