通过雾化诱导排痰提高新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性二例

对多次咽拭子病毒核酸检测阴性的2例新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似患者,用3%的高渗盐水进行压力雾化诱导排痰获取呼吸道深部痰液,检测痰液中新型冠状病毒核酸。结果显示,使用3%的高渗盐水雾化诱导排痰并对痰液中新型冠状病毒进行核酸检测可明显提高检测的阳性率,可提高疑似患者的确诊率,缩短确诊时间。     

初筛阴性的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者1例

病毒核酸检测对于新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊断具有重要意义,而在临床中也出现了核酸检测初筛阴性且最终确诊的患者。在治疗中,新型冠状病毒肺炎患者有临床症状与肺部实际病变程度相分离的特点。一些患者临床症状并不重,但影像学检查却显示病变明显。本例病例提示对于新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似患者,病毒核酸阴性,不能简单排除。应密切追踪患者影像学表现,并及时进行病毒核酸复检,以免漏诊,造成病毒传播,错过治疗时机。在临床治疗中影像学检查对于新型冠状病毒肺炎患者病变程度判断、指导治疗同样具有重要意义。     

4例新型冠状病毒感染病例咽拭子与痰标本病毒核酸检测的比较

目的比较分析新型冠状病毒病例咽拭子与痰标本的病毒核酸检测效果。方法对4例新型冠状病毒确诊病例的咽拭子与痰标本分别进行人体细胞GAPDH管家基因、病毒ORF 1ab基因、N基因及S基因Real time RT-PCR核酸检测与比较。结果4例病例的咽拭子和痰标本中,人体细胞管家基因GAPDH均呈现明显典型的扩增信号曲线;病毒ORF 1ab基因、N基因及S基因核酸检测中,痰标本的扩增曲线信号均比咽拭子强,扩增曲线的CT值均低于咽拭子,在病例1和4表现更加明显,而病例4的咽拭子标本检测中,商品化试剂呈现阴性结果,而痰标本则呈现明显的阳性结果。结论在开展新型冠状病毒实验室核酸检测中,痰标本的病毒含量高于咽拭子标本,其检测效果优于咽拭子标本。     

宿州市新冠肺炎疫情不同防控阶段核酸检测结果分析

目的 在新冠肺炎疫情不同阶段采取不同核酸检测策略,比较新冠病毒核酸检测结果差异,为调整防控措施提供科学依据.方法 2020年1月22日—2月29日采集宿州市重点人群的咽拭子和痰液样本,利用实时荧光RT-PCR法检测新型冠状病毒核酸,比较不同防控阶段新冠病毒核酸检测结果差异.结果 采集重点人群704人的1182份样本,其...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者感染恶性疟原虫1例

正患者,女,38岁,专业技术人员,上海市嘉定区人,2014年2月前往喀麦隆工作,偶尔归国探亲,自2019年9月后未归国。2021年3月14日患者因乏力、味觉减退,鼻、咽拭子新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)核酸阳性,于喀麦隆新冠肺炎接管中心治疗,具体用药不详。3月20日复查新冠病毒核酸阴性,出院后居家隔离,3月29日、 5月17日、     

一起寄宿走读制中学鼻病毒暴发疫情调查

目的 调查分析甘肃省白银市会宁县一所寄宿走读制中学鼻病毒引起的暴发疫情,为今后在新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)常态化防控下常见呼吸道传染病疫情的防控提供参考.方法 采用现场流行病学调查方法,对符合病例定义的患者开展面对面个案调查,访谈疫情报告人和班主任,并采集患病学生咽拭子检测新冠病毒及15联呼吸道病毒核酸.结果 自2020年5月6日出现首例病例至6月12日调查时共发病16例,经过7d最长潜伏期后再无新发病例;发病学生全部为九(3)班学生,全班平均罹患率为61.54％,罹患率住宿学生(91.67％)高于走读生(35.71％),差异有统计学意义(x2=5.909,P=0.015);病例症状均较轻,81.25％有咳嗽症状,50.00％有咽痛症状,干咳仅占12.5％,18.75％有鼻塞、流涕、头痛、发热(体温37.2 ℃及以上3例,最高37.6 ℃),6.25％有咽干和乏力症状;核酸检测16份咽拭子标本,新冠病毒全部阴性,15联呼吸道病毒荧光标记PCR试剂盒检测其中10份,鼻病毒核酸阳性7份.结论 在新冠肺炎常态化防控的背景下,应及时开展新冠病毒和常见呼吸道病毒核酸检测,明确致病原,及时公布疫情调查及检测结果,开展师生和当地群众心理疏导,以免引起公众恐慌.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎咽拭子核酸检测转阴但粪便核酸检测仍阳性三例

新型冠状病毒肺炎(NCP)于2019年12月由武汉开始发展至全国各地,其防控工作是当前医务人员的首要任务。现报道3例NCP患者治疗后咽拭子病毒核酸转阴性,粪便核酸检测仍呈阳性。鉴于2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)与严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)病毒高度同源、临床表现相似,参考SARS防治的经验,建议在诊治过程中重视粪便核酸检测情况。推荐粪便核酸检测结果作为解除隔离和出院标准的参考,以最大限度地降低消化道传播风险。     

滤泡性淋巴瘤-反复发热-肺部阴影

本文报道1例65岁男性患者, 因滤泡性淋巴瘤接受奥妥珠单抗治疗联合化疗, 于第2程化疗后感染新型冠状病毒, 主要表现为发热、咳嗽, 影像学示双肺多发磨玻璃影, 抗病毒治疗后鼻咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸可暂时转阴, 但此后反复阳性。第4次新型冠状病毒核酸阳性后出现活动后气短, 伴低氧血症, 乳酸脱氢酶及1, 3-β-D葡聚糖试验升高, 痰肺孢子菌核酸阳性。诊断新型冠状病毒持续感染、新型冠状病毒肺炎(重型), 合并肺孢子菌肺炎, 给予康复期血浆输注、磺胺、糖皮质激素治疗后病情好转, 出院后随访患者病情稳定。     

防污染支气管肺泡灌洗对痰菌阴性肺结核的诊断价值

目的研究防污染支气管肺泡灌洗(PBAL)技术对痰菌阴性肺结核患者的诊断价值。方法对96例痰菌阴性肺结核患者进行经支气管镜防污染支气管肺泡灌洗,防污染支气管肺泡灌洗液经过前处理,离心沉渣行涂片荧光染色镜检抗酸杆菌、改良罗氏法分离培养及BACTEC MGIT960快速结核菌培养。结果防污染支气管肺泡灌洗液离心沉渣镜检抗酸杆菌阳性20例(20.8%),改良罗氏培养基分离培养阳性30例(31.3%),BACTEC MGIT960快速培养技术培养阳性59例(61.5%),最终获病原学确诊62例,确诊率为64.6%。结论防污染支气管肺泡灌洗对痰菌阴性肺结核患者具有重要的诊断价值,对灌洗液进行多种检查可提高检出的阳性率。     

一例重症新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊治及文献复习

2019年12月起,新型冠状病毒肺炎在武汉市流行,并迅速传播,其病毒传染力强、潜伏期长。新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床症状不典型,确诊主要依靠病毒核酸检测,且诊断及治疗仍在不断摸索。本文通过对一例重症新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的诊治过程及相关文献的学习进行分析总结,以助于早期诊断、早期隔离、早期治疗,防止向危重症发展提供帮助。     

A case of eosinophilic pneumonia possibly associated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)]

A 30-year-old man was diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis and was treated with 2,250 mg/day of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). After 4 weeks of the administration, the patient complained of cough and fever and was admitted to our hospital. His chest radiograph showed infiltrative shadows bilaterally in the lung fields. Peripheral blood analysis indicated eosinophilia. We confirmed eosinophilic pneumonia by bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. Improvement in clinical symptoms and radiological findings was obtained after the cessation of 5-ASA and initiation of prednisolone. Finally, mesalazine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed on the basis of his clinical course. The literature contains a few reports on patients with mesalazine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia.     

A case of eosinophilic pneumonia induced by Pelex granule]

We report a case of eosinophilic pneumonia induced by Pelex granule. A 31-year-old male patient had been treated with Pelex granule and other drugs for common-cold symptoms such as cough and fever. Since these symptoms were persistent, he was admitted to our hospital for further examination. His laboratory findings showed eosinophilia and a mild elevation of serum IgE. Chest radiography revealed a reticular shadow and patchy shadows in both lung fields. Analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed an increased percentage of eosinophils. The histological findings of the specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy showed infiltration of eosniophils into the alveolar walls and spaces. After withdrawal of all drugs, the patient's clinical findings-symptoms, laboratory data, and chest radiographic findings-soon improved. A lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) for Pelex granule was positive. Taken together, the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic pneumonia induced by Pelex granule.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎28例的临床特征分析

目的分析28例新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)患者的临床特征及诊疗经验。方法收集2020年1月22日至2月5日南宁市第四人民医院收治的28例NCP患者的临床资料。回顾性分析患者的临床表现、流行病学史、实验室检查、影像学检查和治疗方案。结果28例NCP患者中,1例轻型,25例普通型,2例重型,咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸检测均为阳性;其中有4起家庭聚集性发病。临床症状以发热、咳嗽为主,短期内进展迅速。28例患者自发病以来体温(腋下)峰值在36.6~39.5℃,其中5例患者整个病程中无发热,体温峰值≤37.0℃。患者从接触至出现症状的时间为1~12 d,从出现症状至核酸检测阳性时间为0~13 d。入院时白细胞计数降低者2例,C反应蛋白升高者5例;丙氨酸转氨酶异常者6例;天冬氨酸转氨酶异常者3例,肌酸激酶升高者10例;肌酸激酶同工酶升高者3例;乳酸脱氢酶升高者4例;降钙素原水平均在正常范围。胸部计算机断层成像表现主要为磨玻璃影(21例),边缘模糊(18例),斑点、斑片影(17例),部分肺纹理增粗、紊乱(7例),可见条索影(7例),病变常进展迅速。1例11岁患儿单用α-干扰素雾化吸入;27例患者予α-干扰素雾化吸入,洛匹那韦利托那韦抗病毒治疗,其中4例出现不良反应后停用。截至2月12日,共9例患者治愈出院,均为普通型,无死亡。结论NCP发病早期以发热、咳嗽为主,肺部病变进展迅速,应尽早、反复多次进行呼吸道病原体检测,以提高新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性率,对于核酸检测阴性的可疑人群应慎重解除隔离。     

Self-limiting pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae

A case of self-limiting pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae is described. A 39-year-old male visited our hospital complaining of a persistent cough. No antibiotics were administered to this patient because of the absence of fever and a mild positive inflammatory response, but an infiltrate on a chest radiograph improved. Finally, a diagnosis of C. pneumoniae pneumonia was made by seroconversion of the C. pneumoniae-specific antibody and detection of the C. pneumoniae gene in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Self-limiting C. pneumoniae pneumonia is rarely encountered, although self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections due to C. pneumoniae are common. Thus, most self-limiting C. pneumoniae pneumonia may be missed when symptoms are minimal.     

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia: a hypersensitivity phenomenon?

A previously healthy young man presented with acute respiratory distress and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage and confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. There was no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the patient rapidly improved with corticosteroid therapy. Most cases of eosinophilic pneumonia reported previously have followed a chronic course. The case presented here was acute in onset, suggesting a hypersensitivity reaction. High levels of bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils indicate the diagnosis but not the etiology of eosinophilic pneumonia.     

Human immunodeficiency virus recovery from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with AIDS

We cultured bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from 23 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and pulmonary symptoms. We also included a nonconsecutive AIDS patient with recent worsening of respiratory symptoms who had had lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) diagnosed six months earlier. Infectious HIV was present in the cellular fraction from two of the 23 consecutive patients and in the patient with LIP. No virus was isolated from the cell-free portion of the centrifuged fluids. The patients from whom HIV was cultured were not distinguishable from other patients by clinical, radiographic, or laboratory data, and their subsequent course did not appear to differ. One patient with a positive HIV culture had organizing pneumonia without evidence of LIP at autopsy three weeks after lavage. This study demonstrates that HIV can be cultured from cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and suggests that its presence is not associated with a single specific pulmonary histologic pattern.     

Two cases of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, showing multiple infiltrative shadows, diagnosed by open lung biopsy, and a report of their BAL findings

Two cases of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) were diagnosed by clinical features and pathological findings of open lung biopsy specimens. Findings of repeated (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis were also reported. Case 1 was a 54 year-old woman complaining of dry cough and low grade fever. Multiple infiltrative shadows in both lung fields were pointed out on her chest roentgenogram. Case 2 was a 68 year-old woman with symptoms of cough, sputum and low grade fever. Her chest X-ray films also showed multiple infiltrative shadows bilaterally. Although various antibiotics were given to both patients, new shadows appeared on their chest films without any improvement of clinical symptoms or inflammatory findings. TBLB specimens obtained from the two cases showed the findings of organizing pneumonia. In each case, open lung biopsy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was consistent with BOOP. However, exclusion of the possibility of eosinophilic pneumonia and lymphoproliferative disorders of the lung was somewhat difficult in case 1. BALF analysis showed an increased number of lymphocytes in both cases, 75% and 37% respectively. The inverted ratio of OKT4/OKT8 (0.71) in BALF of case 1 was similar to that of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In spite of clinical and roentgenological improvement after steroid therapy, the abnormal BAL findings still remained. Therefore it is suggested that BAL may be a useful tool for monitoring the steroid treatment of patients with BOOP.