干眼患者泪膜脂质层厚度检测及其与眼表体征的相关性分析

目的 检测干眼患者泪膜脂质层厚度(lipid layer thickness,LLT),并分析LLT与眼表体征之间的相关性.方法 纳入130例(130眼)干眼患者为本研究研究对象,其中睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)患者64例,非MGD患者66例,进行LLT检测、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)检查、角膜荧光素染色(fluorescein staining,FL)、Marx线(Marx line,ML)评分及Schirmer Ⅰ试验.分析不同年龄段LLT分布情况,及其与其他检查之间的相关性.结果 不同年龄段之间LLT差异有统计学意义(P =0.007),各年龄段男性与女性之间LLT差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).LLT与年龄呈正相关(r =0.334,P＜0.001),LLT与性别无显著相关性(r=0.107,P=0.226).LLT与上睑ML评分(r=0.295,P=0.001)、下睑ML评分(r=0.233,P=0.008)呈正相关,与BUT、FL及泪液分泌量均无显著相关性(均为P＞0.05).MGD组LLT与上睑ML评分、下睑ML评分呈正相关(均为r=0.306,P=0.014),与其他检查指标均无显著相关性(均为P＞0.05).非MGD组LLT与其他检查指标均无显著相关性(均为P＞0.05).多元线性回归分析结果显示,干眼患者中,年龄、上睑ML评分与LLT存在线性关系(年龄:β=0.254,P=0.005;上睑ML评分:β=0.207,P=0.022),在MGD组中,仅年龄与LLT存在线性关系(β=0.382,P=0.002).MGD组上睑ML评分及下睑ML评分均高于非MGD组(均为P＜0.001).结论 干眼患者LLT与年龄、ML评分呈正相关.泪膜LLT检测作为干眼诊断的辅助检查时,需结合年龄等影响因素进行综合分析.     

K5M眼表分析仪与常规干眼检查对干眼泪膜分度的诊断试验

目的:探究OCULUS Keratograph 5M(简称K5M)眼表综合分析仪用于干眼泪膜分度诊断的诊断价值。方法:收集门诊通过常规干眼检查手段诊断为干眼的患者50例100眼与同时期可疑干眼的非干眼患者20例40眼,通过K5M眼表分析仪采集以上患者的即时眼表参数,包括第1次泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTf)、平均泪膜破裂时间(NIBUTav)、泪河高度(TMH),进行K5M眼表分析仪与常规干眼检查对干眼泪膜相关指标分度的诊断效能试验。结果:K5M眼表分析仪对干眼组与非干眼组NIBUTf、NIBUTav、TMH均有差异(P<0.05)。K5M眼表分析仪的NIBUTf与常规检查诊断BUT的分度诊断符合率为78.6%,ROC曲线下面积为0.795,标准误为0.042,P<0.01,95%的置信区间为(0.712,0.878);K5M眼表分析仪的NIBUTav与常规检查诊断BUT的符合率为73.6%,ROC曲线下面积为0.853,标准误为0.033,P<0.01,95%的置信区间为(0.788,0.917);K5M眼表综合分析仪的TMH与常规检查诊断SⅠt的符合率为87.9%,ROC曲线下面积为0.795,标准误为0.044,P<0.01,95%的置信区间为(0.709,0.880)。通过NIBUTf结合TMH对干眼的探究性诊断的灵敏度为98%,特异度为40%,正确指数为38%,阳性似然比1.63,阴性似然比0.05,比值比OR为32.6。通过NIBUTav结合TMH对干眼的探究性诊断的灵敏度为86%,特异度为75%,正确指数为61%,阳性似然比3.44,阴性似然比0.187,比值比OR为18.39。结论:K5M眼表分析仪能够为干眼的单一泪膜指标分度诊断提供准确可靠的诊断价值;TMH结合NIBUTf对干眼的诊断灵敏度要优于结合NIBUTav,而特异度要差于结合NIBUTav。     

手持式红外测温仪评估干眼患者眼表温度的研究

目的 比较正常人群与干眼患者的眼表温度(OST),评估OST用于干眼筛查的可行性。方法本研究纳入2021年12月～2022年1月在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院干眼门诊就诊的84例(84眼)18～85岁干眼患者和20例(20眼)年龄性别匹配的正常志愿者,采用手持式红外测温仪检测受检者的体温与OST,比较不同组受检者OST的差异并且分析其与荧光染色泪膜破裂时间(FBUT)、泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、睑板腺缺失评分及角膜荧光染色(FL)评分的关系。结果 干眼组OST值为(36.48±0.18)℃,显著低于正常组的(36.67±0.26)℃,P<0.001。干眼程度越重,OST值越低(P=0.003)。相关性分析发现,干眼患者OST值与体温、FBUT成正相关(体温：r=0.57,P<0.001;FBUT:r=0.36, P=0.001),与睑板腺缺失评分成负相关(r=-0.24,P=0.028)。将OST值36.53℃用于中重度干眼筛查,其特异度和灵敏度为78%和75%。结论 干眼患者的OST值较低,与泪膜稳定性差关系密切。使用手持式红外测温仪检测OST,具有廉价、方便和快捷的优势,有...     

角膜散光对干眼患者泪膜的影响

目的探讨角膜散光对干眼患者泪膜的影响。方法对临床确定为干眼的患者(除外其他任何眼病)进行电脑验光,筛查出存在散光的干眼患者和无任何散光的正视眼干眼患者,分别对其进行泪膜干涉成像仪检查(DR-1)、基础泪液分泌试验(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)以及泪膜破裂时间测定(break-up time,BUT)。将所得到的数据进行统计学分析。结果散光的干眼患者与正视眼干眼患者DR-1及BUT结果比较其差异有统计学意义,但SⅠt结果差异无统计学意义;散光患者的DR-1及BUT、SⅠt结果与散光的屈光度之间不存在相关性;近视散光、远视散光患者的DR-1检查及BUT之间的差异无统计学意义;逆规和顺规散光患者相比其DR-1差异有统计学意义,BUT差异有统计学意义;斜轴和顺规散光患者相比其DR-1差异有统计学意义,BUT差异有统计学意义;逆规散光与斜轴散光的DR-1和BUT比较差异均无统计学意义。结论(1)角膜散光对干眼患者泪膜稳定性存在一定的影响;(2)逆规散光患者的泪膜稳定性较顺规散光和斜轴散光差。     

非侵入性眼表综合分析仪在指导干眼患者个体化治疗中的应用价值

目的:分析新型的非侵人性眼表综合分析仪Keratograph 5M在指导干眼个体化治疗中的临床应用及价值.方法:同一天于我院眼表疾病专科就诊并诊断为干眼的患者16例,利用非侵人性眼表综合分析仪Keratograph 5M对患者进行泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪河高度测定以及行睑板腺检查.根据结果进行个体化治疗,并于治疗2wk后复查.将患者治疗前后的BUT、泪河高度、睑板腺缺失面积评分进行统计分析.结果:干眼患者16例中,治疗前的泪河高度、BUT、睑板腺缺失面积评分分别为0.276±0.073mm、6.343±3.304s、3.78±1.36分,治疗2wk后分别为0.292 ±0.065mm、8.876±3.670s、2.25±1.16分,其中BUT及睑板腺评分在治疗前后的差异均有统计学意义.结论:非侵入性眼表综合分析仪在指导干眼患者个体化治疗中具有方便、快捷、无创的特点,同时可以客观地评价治疗效果.     

干眼患者眼表宏基因组研究

目的 通过比较干眼患者和健康受试者眼表宏基因组的异同探讨眼表微生物组的改变在干眼发病机制中的作用.方法 在解放军总医院眼科和中山大学中山眼科中心收集干眼患者20例及健康受试者90名.对所有受试者双眼进行结膜印迹细胞样本采集,提取核酸后进行宏基因组测序.通过计算Shannon指数比较两者微生物群落α多样性的差异;对两者微生物种群的相对丰度及代谢途径进行生物信息学分析.并对微生物中的抗生素抗性基因进行比对.结果 干眼患者眼表微生物的α多样性与健康受试者相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.13).干眼患者眼表15种微生物的相对丰度较高,健康受试者10种微生物的相对丰度较高,且在代谢途径上存在着差异.干眼患者眼表微生物中的抗生素抗性基因明显多于健康受试者.结论 虽然干眼患者眼表微生物的多样性与健康受试者相似,但某些特定微生物种群的相对丰度及代谢途径存在特征性的改变,表明这些特定的微生物种群可能与干眼的发病机制有关.     

干眼患者基于泪膜动态变化的图像特征分析

目的:探讨干眼患者角膜荧光素染色后泪膜破裂动态变化和泪膜脂质层动态变化的图像特征及其对干眼的诊断价值。方法:前瞻性研究。选取我院2019-09/2020-12收治的干眼患者66例132眼,根据荧光素染色后泪膜破裂形态的不同分为片状破裂组(17例28眼)、类圆形破裂组(20例27眼)、线状破裂组(25例28眼)、点状破裂组(21例24眼)和不规则破裂组(20例25眼),比较各组患者泪膜破裂动态变化图像特征、泪膜脂质层动态变化图像特征及泪膜首次破裂时间(NIBUTf)、泪膜平均破裂时间(NIBUTav)、泪河高度(TMH)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分的差异。结果:各组患者NIBUTf有差异(P<0.001),除点状破裂组和不规则破裂组间无差异(7.56±1.54s vs 8.02±1.86s,P=0.881),其余各组两两比较均有差异(P<0.05)。各组间NIBUTav有差异(P<0.001),除点状破裂组和不规则破裂组间无差异(9.54±2.12s vs 9.73±1.94s,P=0.997),其余各组两两比较均有差异(P<0.05)。各组间TMH比较有差异(P...     

非侵人性泪膜功能检查在干眼诊断中的初步应用

目的采用Oculus四代角膜地形图仪分析干眼患者泪膜功能及首发破裂部位的分布情况。设计前瞻性比较性病例系列。研究对象2013年7-9月在北京同仁眼科中心就诊的干眼患者51例（51眼）及对照组86例（86眼）。方法对受检者进行眼表疾病评分指数（Ocular Surface Disease Index,OSDI）问卷调查,使用Oculus四代角膜地形图仪进行非侵入性泪膜破裂时间（noninvasive tear breakup time,NITBUT）及泪河高度（tear meniscus height,TMH）测定。分析干眼组及对照组OSDI评分、首发泪膜破裂时间（the first NITBUT,NITBUTf）、平均泪膜破裂时间（the average NITBUT,NITBUTav）及泪河高度差异及各项指标之间的相关性。以角膜中心点为圆心,1 mm间距将角膜划分为1～8环,并以横、纵坐标为界划分为四个象限,这样将角膜划分为29个区域。分析每位受检者首次泪膜破裂的部位,并比较分析两组受检者组间差异。主要指标OSDI评分、NITBUTf、NITBUTav、泪河高度及泪膜破裂首发部位。结果干眼组与对照组OSDI分值、NITBUTf及NITBUTav分别为（31.41±14.20）分和（4.80±7.40）分,（3.99±0.61）s和（8.90±3.51）s,（7.54±3.11）s和（11.76±4.30）s（P=0.000,0.000,0.016）,两组泪河高度分别为（0.22±0.098）mm和（0.25±0.096）mm（P=0.217）。OSDI评分与NITBUTf、NITBUTav呈线性负相关（r=-0.760、-0.490,P均=0.000）,NITBUTf与NITBUTav呈线性正相关（r=0.671,P=0.000）,泪河高度与OSDI评分、NITBUTf、NITBUTav均无相关性（P均〉0.05）。干眼组及对照组泪膜破裂首发部位主要分布在2~5环（分别占73.08%、75.42%）;泪膜破裂首发部位在不同环间出现的概率,两组受试者均具有统计学意义（χ2=13.897、30.017,P=0.031、0.000）。以四个象限为分区单位,干眼组及对照组泪膜破裂首发部位出现概率均无统计学意义（χ2=2.103、5.186,P=0.551、0.159）。结论 Oculus四代角膜地形图仪能客观地检查泪?     

糖尿病短泪膜破裂时间型干眼患者的症状和体征分析

目的　探讨糖尿病与非糖尿病患者中短泪膜破裂时间型（short tear break-up time，sBUT）干眼患者之间眼表状况的不同。方法　收集50~80岁的糖尿病患者59例（118眼），非糖尿病患者41例（82眼），排除泪液缺乏型干眼患者，用标准干眼评估问卷（standard patient evaluation of eye dryness，SPEED）评分，泪液分泌量，非侵入性泪膜第一秒破裂（BUT1st）和平均破裂时间（BUTavg），睑板腺拍照评分，脂质层厚度(lipid layer thickness，LLT)，眨眼频率进行统计分析，进一步分为sBUT干眼患者（糖尿病sBUT组、非糖尿病sBUT组）和非sBUT干眼患者（糖尿病非sBUT组、非糖尿病非sBUT组）后再进行统计分析。结果　相比于非糖尿病组，糖尿病组有更高的SPEED评分和睑板腺拍照评分，更薄的LLT，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。糖尿病sBUT组的SPEED评分为（7.40±3.24）分，睑板腺拍照评分为（3.2±1.16）分，眨眼频率（6.78±5.10）次，在4组中最高；而Schirmer值［（5.80±4.74）mm］、BUT1st值［（3.44±1.10）s］、BUTavg值［（5.74±3.17）s］和LLT［（66.40±23.34）nm］在4组中最低。在泪液相对不缺乏的干眼人群中，LLT分别与眨眼频率、SPEED评分之间呈负相关（r=-0.168，P<0.05；r=-0.298，P<0.001）；眨眼频率与SPEED评分呈正相关（r=0.268，P<0.001）。结论　糖尿病患者睑板腺的短缩和缺失更严重，使LLT变更薄，从而引起泪膜破裂时间变更短，眨眼频率更高，导致糖尿病患者的干眼症状相比于非糖尿病患者更重。     

糖尿病患者干眼与眼表异常的相关分析

目的 通过糖尿病患者干眼与眼表异常的相关分析,探讨多种眼表因素异常在糖尿病干眼发病中的作用.方法 收集106例乌鲁木齐市汉族2型糖尿病患者存在的干眼症状及有关的眼表因素（泪液基础分泌、泪膜稳定性、泪液性状、角膜上皮完整性）检查结果,量化后进行单因素及多因素的非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 泪膜稳定性下降（P=0.020,OR=12.268）、泪液基础分泌量减少（P=0.007,OR=5.398）与糖尿病人干眼发生呈显著正相关,具有统计学意义.结论 泪膜稳定性下降、泪液基础分泌量减少在汉族2型糖尿病患者干眼的发病中起一定作用.     

Tear film and ocular surface tests in animal models of dry eye: uses and limitations

Many ocular surface tests have been developed for the clinical diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and several have been used to 'validate' animal models of Sjogren's and non-Sjogren's dry eye. However, many of these tests themselves have not been systematically studied or standardized, and yet their use in animal models of dry eye is common. This review provides a rational approach and systematic review of the tear film and ocular surface tests described in the literature that may be applicable to the current animal models of dry eye, with particular emphasis on their limitations, along with some suggestions regarding their standardization and applications in eye research.     

Evaluation of ocular surface and tear function - A review of current approaches for dry eye

An increasing prevalence of dry eye disease in the past decade has resulted in a greater focus on diagnostic methods for this condition. There has been a proliferation of technologies that attempt to quantify various aspects of tear function and ocular surface health. However, a cost-effective, simple, and efficient method remains elusive. In the Indian context, the majority of these patients present to the general ophthalmologist, and a clinical approach that is quick and easy to perform would allow widespread usage for accurate diagnosis. This article reviews currently available methods and their relevance to the general ophthalmologist.     

Changes in ocular surface status and dry eye symptoms following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery

AIM: To observe the changes in ocular surface and the dry eye symptoms following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). METHODS: Patients with no eye signs or symptoms in Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital between October 2017 and September 2018, who underwent FLACS and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for age-related cataract were enrolled. Tear film stability assessed with OCULUS Keratograph 5M, Schirmer’s I test (SIT), and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were evaluated before and after surgery at 1d, 1wk, 1, and 3mo in order. Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (OSDI) and Subjective Symptom Questionnaires (SSQs) were recorded at the same time point. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients were enrolled. The noninvasive tear film break-up time (first break-up time and average break-up time) decreased in a peak at the 1wk visit, and then increased to basic levels at 1mo. The tear meniscus height (TMH) increased transiently at 1d, and declined in the following 3mo visits. The SIT had a transient increase at 1d (P=0.357) and a decrease at 1wk and 1mo (both P<0.05) but returned to the preoperative levels at 3mo after surgery (P=0.062). CFS scores were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and had a statistical difference (P<0.05). OSDI scores and SSQs after surgery were obviously higher, and had a statistical difference (P<0.001) but didn’t return to the basic level by 3mo. CONCLUSION: Dry eye signs and symptoms can occur immediately following FLACS and have a peak severity on day 7 postoperatively. Most signs of dry eye can return to preoperative basic levels within 3mo postoperatively. However, all cases can not recover from CFS and dry eye symptoms at 3mo postoperatively.     

Short tear film breakup time-type of dry eye in India

Purpose:The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of short tear film break-up time (TBUT) type of dry eye disease and compare it with other types of dry eye diseases.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 570 patients (≥ 20 years) from the outpatient department using systematic random sampling.Results:The age-adjusted prevalence of short TBUT type of dry eye disease was 5.4% (95% confidence interval: 3.2–6.8%). There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the total and subscale scores of the Ocular Surface Disease Index^® questionnaire between patients with short TBUT and those with aqueous tear deficiency. Both these groups differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the findings of TBUT, Schirmer I test, and Lissamine green staining score. The common symptoms in patients with short TBUT type of dry eye disease were eye fatigue (25.4%), heaviness in the eye (19.7%), and an uncomfortable sensation (14.1%). The symptoms in the aqueous tear deficiency group were light sensitivity (28.2%), dryness (19.2%), burning (13.0%), foreign body sensation (12.8%), and blurring of vision (14.1%). The risk factors associated with short TBUT type of dry eye disease were the presence of meibomian gland dysfunction (odds ratio: 3.759 [95% confidence interval: 2.135–6.618], P < 0.0001) and female sex [odds ratio: 1.954 (95% confidence interval: 1.042–3.667), P = 0.037].Conclusion:Patients with short TBUT type of dry eye disease have symptom severity similar to aqueous tear-deficient dry eyes, but the pattern is different. The finding of this type of dry eye disease in India indicates its global presence, and ophthalmologists should consider it in their differential diagnoses.     

Ocular surface microbiota in patients with varying degrees of dry eye severity

AIM: To elucidate the profiles of commensal bacteria on the ocular surfaces of patients with varying severity of dry eye (DE).METHODS: The single-center, prospective, case-control, observational study categorized all participants into three distinct groups: 1) control group (n=61), 2) mild DE group (n=56), and 3) moderate-to-severe DE group (n=82). Schirmer’s tear secretion strips were used, and the bacterial microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing.RESULTS: The three groups had significant differences in alpha diversity: the control group had the highest richness (Chao1, Faith’s phylogenetic diversity), the mild DE group showed the highest diversity (Shannon, Simpson), and the moderate-to-severe DE group had the lowest of the above-mentioned indices. DE severity was positively correlated with a reduction in beta diversity of the microbial community, with the moderate-to-severe DE group exhibiting the lowest beta diversity. Linear discriminant analysis effect size presented distinct dominant taxa that significantly differed between each. Furthermore, the exacerbation of DE corresponded with the enrichment of certain pathogenic bacteria, as determined by random forest analysis.CONCLUSION: As DE severity worsens, microbial community diversity tends to decrease. DE development corresponds with changes in microbial constituents, primarily characterized by reduced microbial diversity and a more homogenous species composition.     

The relation between tear film tests in patients with dry eye disease

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report was to investigate the relation between dry eye diagnostic tests. METHODS: Dry eye patients were enrolled to complete a clinical examination, including the following dry eye tests: a meibomian gland evaluation, tear meniscus height, fluorescein tear breakup time, fluorescein staining of the cornea, the Schirmer 1 test, the phenol red thread test, and rose bengal staining of the conjunctiva. Statistical analyses, including correlation coefficients, the Wilcoxon sign rank test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to address the relation between these clinical tests of dry eye. RESULTS: There was a strong relation between the Schirmer test and fluorescein staining in all four statistical analyses. Similarly, there was also a strong relation between the phenol red thread test and both fluorescein and rose bengal staining. Finally, the results of the Schirmer test were associated with the tear breakup time test in three of four analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that tests of aqueous deficiency (volume or production) are associated with ocular surface desiccation. This important relation should be recognized when choosing dry eye tests as outcomes in clinical trials and epidemiological studies.     

不同脂质层厚度干眼患者泪膜稳定性的观察研究

目的:探讨不同脂质层厚度条件下泪膜稳定性的差异。方法:纳入2020-06/2021-12于我院就诊的干眼患者194例384眼,应用角膜地形图仪行双眼泪河高度、首次泪膜破裂时间和脂质层厚度测量,分析不同脂质层厚度条件下双眼泪河高度、首次泪膜破裂时间的差异及其相关性。结果:根据脂质层厚度将纳入患者(384眼)分为脂质丰富组(49眼)、脂质平衡组(27眼)、脂质轻微缺乏组(266眼)、脂质显著缺乏组(42眼),四组泪河高度有差异(P=0.022),首次泪膜破裂时间无差异(P=0.322)。脂质层厚度分级与泪河高度呈正相关(r_s=0.143,P=0.006),与首次泪膜破裂时间无相关性(r_s=-0.090,P=0.083);泪河高度与首次泪膜破裂时间也无相关性(r_s=0.038,P=0.460)。结论:泪膜脂质层厚度不同的干眼患者泪膜稳定性无明显差异。