不同加工精度的小麦粉氨基酸组成分析及营养评价

目的 对全麦粉、特一粉和麦芯粉进行氨基酸成分分析，比较3种不同加工精度小麦粉的氨基酸组成，并做出营养评价。方法 选取陕西地区13种代表性小麦品种，加工成全麦粉、特一粉和麦芯粉，分析氨基酸成分，采用模糊识别法、氨基酸评分(AAS)法、化学评分(CS)法及氨基酸比值系数(RCAA)法进行蛋白质营养价值评价。结果 3种小麦粉氨基酸种类齐全，组成存在差异，氨基酸总量(TAA)介于10.76 g/100 g～16.59 g/100 g,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/TAA)的值在0.24～0.28,全麦粉中必需氨基酸(EAA)、功能性氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量均为最高，其次为特一粉和麦芯粉。伴随深加工，各种氨基酸均存在不同程度损失，麦芯粉的损失最为严重，全麦粉的AAS、CS和氨基酸比值系数法评分(SRCAA)最高，与特一粉和麦芯粉差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 深度加工，易造成小麦粉中的氨基酸大量流失，全麦粉中的蛋白质营养价值总体高于特一粉和麦芯粉。     

金槐桂G9-2槐米的营养与有害成分含量分析

目的分析金槐桂G9-2槐米的营养与有害成分含量,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。方法采用国标方法,测定槐米中氨基酸、矿物元素和有害重金属含量,同时对有机氯农药残留量、黄曲霉毒素B1含量等进行分析。结果金槐桂G9-2槐米含有18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸总量(WEAA)33.14mg/g,非必需氨基酸总量(WNEAA)50.16mg/g,氨基酸总量(WTAA)88.44mg/g。氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为6.93、5.23、53.758。WEAA/WTAA37.47,WEAA/WNEAA66.07%,鲜味氨基酸总量占氨基酸总含量33.45%;K和Ca元素含量丰富,P和Mg含量也相对丰富,微量元素Fe的含量远高于同类食品中的含量;有害重金属、黄曲霉毒素B1和有机氯农药残留量低于允许量。结论金槐桂G9-2槐米氨基酸种类齐全,氨基酸总量较高,绝大部分必需氨基酸含量符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)模式,矿物质含量丰富,具有良好的经济价值和开发前景。     

0～15岁儿童血中氨基酸浓度变化调查

目的 调查0～15岁儿童血中氨基酸浓度的变化情况,为评价氨基酸营养状态和诊断氨基酸代谢病提供帮助.方法 以1900名0～15岁儿童为研究对象,采用非衍生法前处理滤纸血片,串联质谱测定11种氨基酸浓度.结果 血缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸、鸟氨酸和丙氨酸浓度在出生后开始逐渐降低,4～6个月时最低,此后逐渐升高,7个月～1岁后相对稳定;血蛋氨酸、精氨酸浓度在出生后最低,1～3个月时最高,此后开始下降,4～6个月后水平稳定;血丙氨酸和甘氨酸浓度分别在9岁女孩和11岁男孩中达到第2高峰.鸟氨酸/精氨酸、瓜氨酸/精氨酸和鸟氨酸/瓜氨酸的比值出生时较高,此后逐渐降低,3个月～1岁后维持稳定;苯丙氨酸/酪氨酸比值在出生时最低,以后逐渐升高,6个月～1岁后维持稳定.7个月～15岁年龄组的血氨基酸水平与1 d～1个月年龄组和/或2～6个月年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).1 d～1个月年龄组和全年龄组女性氨基酸浓度均明显高于男性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 1岁以内血中氨基酸浓度和构成比变化较大,在评价氨基酸营养状态和诊断氨基酸代谢病时要考虑年龄因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the blood levels of amino acids in children aged 0-15 year, with an attempt to provide evidence for evaluating amino acid status and diagnosing metabolic diseases of amino acid.Methods The blood levels of eleven amino acids in 1900 children aged 0-15 years were determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Results The blood levels of leucine & isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine tyrosine,glycine, proline, ornithine, and alanine gradually decreased after birth, reaching the lowest levels at the ages of 4-6 months, and then gradually increased, reaching the normal range at the ages of 7 months-1 year. The blood levels of alanine and glycine reach the second peaks on the ages of 9 years in girls and on 11 years in boys. The blood levels of methionine and arginine were lowest in the first week of age, became highest in 1-3 months, decreased to the normal ranges after 4-6 months, and kept the level afterwards. The ratios between prosomatic amino acid and productive amino acid, between ornithine and arginine, between citrulline and arginine, and between ornithin and citrulline were highest in the first week of age and decreased to normal values after 3 to 12 months. The concentrations of amino acids in group of 7 months-15 years were significantly different from the group of 1 day-1 month and group of 2-6 months (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ). The concentrations of amino acids were significantly higher in females than in males in the group of 1 day-1 month and in all age groups (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ) . Conclusions The concentrations and profiles of amino acids change remarkably during the first year of age. Age should be carefully considered when evaluating the nutritional status of amino acid and diagnosing metabolic diseases of amino acids.     

湖南产地4种豆类蔬菜中氨基酸组成及营养评价

目的对湖南产地4种豆类蔬菜的氨基酸组成及含量进行分析评价,为豆类蔬菜合理利用提供依据。方法采用Kjeltee 2300自动凯氏定氮仪对湖南产地4种豆类蔬菜的蛋白质进行测定,采用曼默博尔A300全自动氨基酸分析仪进行氨基酸成分分析;采用氨基酸评分法对豆类营养价值进行了评价。结果豆类中氨基酸除了黑豆不含蛋氨酸外,其余均含17种氨基酸;黑豆中的蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸含量均最高,分别为35.60 g/100 g、31.75 g/100 g、9.20 g/100 g;3种豆类蔬菜的必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量最高,分别为花豆(1.39 g/100 g)、芸豆(0.92 g/100 g)、豇豆(1.07 g/100 g),黑豆的必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量居第二(1.91 g/100 g),略低于亮氨酸;芸豆中赖氨酸含量(44.88 mg/g蛋白)低于WHO/FAO模式(55 mg/g蛋白),其余3种豆类蔬菜的赖氨酸含量均高于或者接近WHO/FAO模式(55 mg/g蛋白)和卵清蛋白模式(55 mg/g蛋白),分别为花豆(72.40 mg/g蛋白)、豇豆(53.77 mg/g蛋白)、黑豆(53.65 mg/g蛋白);4种豆类蔬菜的限制氨基酸均为异亮氨酸或缬氨酸或色氨酸。结论豆类蔬菜中赖氨酸含量优异,具有较高的营养价值;可以通过与富含异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸的食物等进行结合食用,构建合理膳食,提高食用价值。     

湖南地区5种常见食用菌的氨基酸组成及营养评价

目的 对湖南地区5种常见食用菌的氨基酸组成及含量进行分析评价,为食用菌合理利用提供依据。 方法 采用Kjeltee 2300自动凯氏定氮仪对湖南地区5种常见食用菌的蛋白质进行测定,采用曼默博尔A300全自动氨基酸分析仪进行氨基酸成分分析;采用氨基酸评分法对食用菌营养价值进行了评价。结果 食用菌除了杏鲍菇和茶树菇不含蛋氨酸以及香菇不含蛋氨酸和酪氨酸外,其余均含16种氨基酸;香菇中的蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸含量均最高,分别为3 807、2 279、665 mg/100 g;5种食用菌的必需氨基酸中以苏氨酸和亮氨酸含量较高;5种食用菌口感好,但杏鲍菇口感不如另外4种食用菌;香菇中苏氨酸含量(38.16 mg/g蛋白)略低于WHO/FAO模式(40 mg/g蛋白),其余4种食用菌的苏氨酸含量均高于WHO/FAO模式,分别为双孢菇(43.33 mg/g蛋白)、金针菇(43.48 mg/g蛋白)、杏鲍菇(41.60 mg/g蛋白)、茶树菇(56.52 mg/g蛋白);茶树菇中苏氨酸含量(56.52 mg/g蛋白)高于卵清蛋白模式(51 mg/g蛋白);苏氨酸的氨基酸评分最高,为141.30,因此氨基酸模式为最优;5种食用菌的限制氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸或异亮氨酸。结论 食用菌中苏氨酸含量优异,具有较高的营养价值;可以通过与富含苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸或异亮氨酸的食物等进行结合食用,构建合理膳食,提高食用价值。     

氨基酸失衡液对荷肝癌宿主营养状况影响的研究

<正>寻求一种既能改善患者营养状况又不促进甚至能抑制肿瘤生长的氨基酸失衡液(amino acid imbalance,AAI)成为近年来研究热点。因平衡氨基酸(balance amino acid,BAA)液能为肿瘤细胞提供合理的氨基酸成分,促使肿瘤细胞蛋白质合成,从而使肿瘤迅速增长[1]     

闽产7种叶菜氨基酸组成分析及营养评价

目的 了解闽产常见叶类蔬菜氨基酸组成及含量,评价其营养价值,为合理膳食摄入及蔬菜深度开发利用提供依据.方法 选取闽产常见7种叶菜,测定其蛋白质氨基酸组成,并应用多种食物蛋白营养价值评价方法对叶菜的蛋白营养价值进行评价.结果 叶菜蛋白总氨基酸含量为564.19～1 853.80 mg/100 g,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量比...     

云南野生青头菌的化学成分分析

目的 了解野生青头菌的化学成分.方法 参照国家相关标准方法测定野生青头菌蛋白质、铜、铁、钙、锰、锌、硒等含量.结果 野生青头菌人体必需氨基酸的含量为0.58％,氨基酸总量为1.39％,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值(EAA/TAA)为41.8％,硒为1.3 mg/100 g.结论 野生青头菌是一种含质优蛋白质和各种矿物元素营养丰富的野生菌.     

马尔尼菲青霉菌溶血磷脂酶基因的识别和序列分析及功能预测

目的 从马尔尼菲青霉菌(PM)酵母相全长cDNA文库中识别溶血磷脂酶基因,预测其结构和功能,为进一步实验研究提供理论依据.方法 利用NCBI在线分析工具对PM酵母相全长cDNA文库进行筛选,识别溶血磷脂酶基因;通过Vector NTI suite 8.0软件包,对其编码蛋白质的各种结构与功能特征进行预测,并构建种系分子进化树.结果 筛选得到的基因长1014 bp,Blastx分析该基因可能是编码PM溶血磷脂酶的全长基因,完整的开放读码框(ORF)共含729 bp,编码243个氨基酸;其编码蛋白的相对分子质量为26 800,预测等电点为5.49,疏水氨基酸占47.7%,亲水氨基酸占26.8%,酸性氨基酸占12.7%,碱性氨基酸占12.8%;该蛋白有潜在的2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、3个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点和7个N-肉豆蔻酰位点.结论 该氨基酸序列属于溶血磷脂酶样功能域特征蛋白酶;与球孢子菌亲源关系最近.通过研究,一个PM溶血磷脂酶基因被成功发现,这为进一步探讨该基因的功能提供了条件.

Abstract：

Objective To identify the gene encoding lysophospholipase from the full length cDNA library of Penicllium marneffei (PM) in yeast phase and predict the structure and function of its deduced protein, to provide with theoretical evidences for further experiments. Methods The PM full-length cDNA library in yeast phase was screened to identify the gene encoding lysophospholipase with the help of NCBI on-line analytical tool. Then, by utilizing the software package of Vector NTI suite 8.0, the protein deduced by the gene was analyzed to predict its corresponding structure and functions, and its molecular cladogram was constructed. Results The gene was composed of 1014 base pairs in the length and was presumed to be the full-length gene encoding lysophospholipase by Blastx, with a complete open reading frame (ORF) comprised of 729 base pairs encoding 243 amino acids with relative molecular weight being 26 800 and the predicted isoelectric point being S.49. The deduced protein included 47.7% hydrophobic amino acids, 26.8% hydrophilic amino acids, 12.7% acid amino acids and 12.8% basic amino acids. The protein had 2 potential casein kinase Ⅱ phosphorylation site, 3 potential protein kinase C phosphorylation site and 7 N-myristoyl site. Conclusions The amino acid sequence belongs to this kind of protease with lysophospholipase-like domain. The protein is most close to Coccidioides posadasii in genetic relationship. A novel gene encoding lysophospholipase is successfully found and the work has made necessary preparations for further research on the gene's function.     

空气中四种羧酸的同时测定

目的 建立工作场所空气中乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸4种羧酸同时测定的毛细管柱气相色谱方法.方法 硅胶管吸附空气中乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸,用丙酮解吸后毛细管柱气相色谱(FID)测定.结果 乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸浓度分别在3.4～500.0、2.1～500.0、2.9～500.0及1.6～500.0 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好;线性方程分别为:y=-4.3+1.46x(r=0.999);y=0.4+2.37x(r=0.999);y=10.4+1.73x(r=0.999);y=-2.3+3.21x(r=0.999);检出限分别为3.4、2.1、2.9及1.6 μg/ml.若采集15 L空气样品,最低检出浓度分别为0.2、0.1、0.2及0.1 mg/m3;平均解吸效率分别为92.2%～92.8%、94.1%～97.4%、94.8%～95.4%及94.1%～98.3%;相对标准偏差分别为1.1%～4.0%、1.2%～7.8%、0.9%～4.0%及1.6%～4.8%.结论 本方法适用于工作场所空气中4种羧酸浓度的同时测定.

Abstract：

Objective Four kinds of acids (acetic acid,propionic acid,acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid) in the air in a workplace were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography synchronously.Methods Four acids in the air were adsorbed by silica gel tube sampling and solvent desorption using acetone,then analyzed by GC with FFAP capillary column.Results To acetic acid,propionic acid,acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid,the linear regression equations were respectively y=-4.3+1.46x (r=0.999),y=0.4+2.37x(r= 0.999),y=10.4+1.73x(r=0.999) and y=-2.3+3.21x(r=0.999).The detection limits were respectively 3.4μg/mL,2.1 μg/mL,2.9 μg/mL and 1.6 μg/mL.The average desorption efficiencies were respectively 92.2%~92.8%,94.1%～97.4%,94.8%～95.4% and 94.1%～98.3%.The relative standard deviations were 1.1%～4.0%,1.2%～ 7.8%,0.9%～4.0% and 1.6%~4.8%.Conclusion The method is suitable to determine four kinds of acids in the air in a workplace.     

不同产地薏苡仁资源营养成分分析与评价

目的对我国12个薏苡主产区薏苡仁资源的营养品质进行分析与评价,为薏苡资源的合理开发利用提供基础资料。方法采用常规生化分析方法。结果13种薏苡仁营养成分的平均值为:蛋白质15.80%,脂肪5.49%,均高于米、面;碳水化合物63.05%,低于米、面;粗纤维和灰分分别为1.75%与1.68%。薏苡仁的Ca含量丰富,高于米、面;VB1、VB2、VB6、Fe、Zn、Se平均含量与米、面相当。薏苡仁的谷氨酸、亮氨酸含量丰富,均高于米、面;赖氨酸含量较低;但含硫氨基酸平均含量丰富,为6.05mg/g,均高于米、面。以AAS为标准,13个样品中,赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,第二限制性氨基酸随产地不同而异,云南产等8个样品为苏氨酸,四川产等5个样品为异亮氨酸,贵州产为缬氨酸。平均EAA/TAA、EAA/NEA值分别为35.86%、55.91%,平均EAAI值58.91%。结论我国薏苡资源营养较齐全,蛋白质具有较好的氨基酸组成,属于较优质蛋白质。     

不同品系虹鳟的肌肉营养成分分析

目的分析测定5个品系虹鳟(丹麦虹鳟、道氏虹鳟、挪威虹鳟、芬兰虹鳟、美国虹鳟)的肌肉营养组成,对其营养价值进行综合评价。方法采用现时的国家标准方法测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸。结果5个品系虹鳟肌肉中粗蛋白质含量为16.08%～20.98%;粗脂肪含量为2.06%～3.96%;灰分含量为1.42%～1.62%;18种氨基酸总量为63.29%～71.03%,其中8种人体必需氨基酸含量为26.27%～29.45%,4种呈味氨基酸含量为23.72%～26.31%;主要脂肪酸有21类29种,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪总量的76.86%～81.18%,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)两者之和的含量为4.58%～13.19%。结论这5个品系虹鳟肌肉中蛋白质含量较高,含氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量较高,脂肪酸含量丰富,是营养价值和经济价值都比较高的优质鱼类。     

棕腹刺豚肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

[目的]评价棕腹刺豚（L.wheeleri）肌肉营养成分与品质,为棕腹刺豚的利用提供科学依据。[方法]参照食品检验国标方法测定5尾棕腹刺豚肌肉的营养成分。蛋白质营养价值评价采用氨基酸比值系数法,以W HO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,并与全鸡蛋蛋白质进行对照比较。[结果]棕腹刺豚肌肉中粗蛋白质量分数19.30%,粗脂肪质量分数1.94%,水分质量分数78.50%,碳水化合物质量分数0.26%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,总量为18.49%（质量分数,鲜样）,其中9种人体必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.52%,必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合W HO/FAO的标准。棕腹刺豚的第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸（Met＋Cys）,氨基酸比值系数分为71.00,5种鲜味氨基酸占氨基酸总量的44.86%。[结论]棕腹刺豚有较高的食用价值与保健作用。     

Comparative metabolomics reveals differences in flavonoid metabolites among different coloured buckwheat flowers

Flavonoids are the largest group of secondary metabolites, and they play important biological functions. Buckwheat, particularly its flowers, contains a considerable amount of flavonoids. However, only a few flavonoid metabolites have been identified to date, and differences in flavonoid metabolites between Tartary and common buckwheat flowers have not yet been reported. In the present study, one Tartary buckwheat variety with green flowers and three common buckwheat varieties with white, pink and red flowers were sampled. Flowers of red-flowered common buckwheat had the highest total flavonoid content, followed by Tartary buckwheat flowers. The flower extracts were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS), and a total of 188 flavonoid metabolites, including 53 flavones, 39 flavonols, 33 flavone C-glycosides, 24 flavanones, 18 anthocyanins, 11 isoflavones, 5 proanthocyanidins and 5 flavonolignans, were detected. Multivariate statistics revealed a distinct difference in the flavonoid metabolism between Tartary and common buckwheat flowers, and both of them had unique functional metabolites. For example, common buckwheat flowers were rich in luteolin and apigenin, whereas Tartary buckwheat flowers were rich in tricin. These results provide new information regarding the flavonoid metabolites of buckwheat flowers and offer important theoretical support for the exploitation of buckwheat flowers.     

白牦牛乳营养成分及风味物质分析

目的:分析白牦牛乳营养成分及风味物质。方法:采集18头白牦牛的乳汁,用常规方法测定常量营养素,等离子体发射光谱仪分析矿物元素,氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸并计算AAS,GC-MS法分析挥发性风味物质。结果:白牦牛乳干物质含量18.38%,蛋白质6.53%,乳脂率5.64%,矿物质0.87%;TAA6.36%,EAA总量2.56g/100g,Met、Trp为限制性氨基酸,EAA/TAA为40.25%,EAA/NEAA为67.37%;检测出酯、酮、醇、醛类等7种独特风味物质。结论:白牦牛乳乳汁浓稠、风味纯香浓厚,含有高蛋白、高脂肪、高钙,氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富,是一种优质的营养资源。     

不同品种早稻糙米蛋白质和氨基酸组成研究

目的:研究安徽省12个品种早稻糙米的蛋白质和氨基酸含量及其组成特性。方法:通过化学分析评价不同品种早稻糙米蛋白质的营养价值。结果:12种早稻糙米蛋白质含量平均为9.19%,其中谷蛋白占总蛋白的76.70%,是主要的蛋白组分;其次是清蛋白,占总蛋白的11.80%;醇溶谷蛋白含量最少,仅为4.30%。氨基酸分析结果显示,12种早稻糙米中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、精氨酸和亮氨酸含量丰富,而胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸含量较少。赖氨酸和苏氨酸分别是第1和第2限制性氨基酸。必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值均在55%以上。结论:与WHO模式相比,早稻糙米蛋白质具有较好的氨基酸组成,是一种优质蛋白质。     

苦荞籽粒蛋白质亚基的分离及其营养评价

目的从氨基酸均衡的苦荞籽粒中分离球蛋白与清蛋白的亚基并进行营养评价,获得富含条件性必需氨基酸的均衡亚基。方法根据蛋白溶解性和分子量大小差异对苦荞籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白各亚基进行分离,对各蛋白亚基组分进行了氨基酸组分分析并采用氨基酸比值系数法(SRCAA)评价其营养价值。结果清蛋白中39.6 ku、40.6 ku亚基和球蛋白的36.6 ku亚基与FAO/WHO评分模式接近,SRC分值分别达到了66.04、71.84、66.0,其半必需氨基酸(精氨酸Arg+组氨酸His)含量分别为122.8,155.2,109.2 mg/g。结论清蛋白中39.6 ku、40.6 ku亚基和球蛋白的36.6 ku亚基具有较高的营养价值,对改良小麦等其它作物蛋白质营养具有重要的参考价值。     

Whole-body amino acid composition of adult fancy ranchu goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Aqua feeds should be formulated to provide complete and balanced nutrition to achieve optimal health and growth in fish, including adequate levels of essential amino acids (EAA). There are few or no data relating to the EAA requirements for ornamental fish species, with the majority of quantitative data for these nutrients being available for commercially farmed fish. The determination of EAA requirements is usually established through dose-response studies, which can be costly and time consuming, especially if determining the requirement for many amino acids (AA). An alternative method for predicting the EAA of fish, which is also relatively fast and inexpensive, is the assessment of whole-body AA composition. A total of eight goldfish with a mean wet weight of 34.2 (SEM 1.4) g were obtained as a result of a routine cull by breeders. The fish were freeze-dried and AA was content analysed by hydrolysis or performic 'acid' oxidation. EAA values ranged between 0.97 (SEM 0.02) for tryptophan and 7.9 (SEM 0.14) for lysine (g/100 g AA). Compositional data were also used to estimate the essential amino acid ratios of these fish. The findings are in agreement with those for juvenile common goldfish, suggesting that there are no differences in whole-body AA composition between juvenile and adult, or fancy and common goldfish. However, these indices do not provide a quantitative total amount of each AA required by the fish, but can be used proportionally to provide guidelines to formulate diets for ornamental species.