齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症200例疗效与不良反应分析

目的齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效与不良反应的比较。方法将200例精神分裂症患者随即分为齐拉西酮组和利培酮组,每组各100例,观察8周,评定阳性和阴性量表(PANSS)及临床总体印象量表(CGI)、不良反应症状量表(TESS)及有关检查。结果齐拉西酮组有效率92%,显效率67%;利培酮组有效率90%,显效率65%,2组疗效相当。但齐拉西酮组阴性症状疗效好于利培酮组,锥体外系不良反应,体质量增加,月经改变少于利培酮组。结论齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相当,对阴性症状改善好于利培酮,不良反应少于利培酮。     

齐拉西酮治疗单纯型精神分裂症的对照研究

目的:比较齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗单纯型精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应.方法:将68例单纯型精神分裂症患者随机分成齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗组,疗程为12周,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS),阴性症状量表(SANS)临床疗效总评量表(CGI-GI)和在治疗中出现的症状鼍表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应.结果:两组疗效相当,齐拉西酮不良反应明显低于利培酮.结论:齐拉西酮治疗单纯型精神分裂症疗效确切,不良反应轻微.     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:评价齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效. 方法:60例精神分裂症患者,随机分为齐拉西酮组和利培酮组,每组30例.分别给予齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗,疗程均8周.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效;以治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)和锥体外系反应量表(RSESE)评定不良反应. 结果:治疗后两组PANSS总分及各因子分均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01).齐拉西酮组锥体外系反应(EPS)发生率26.3%明显低于利培酮组53.3%(χ2=4.44,P<0.05). 结论:齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症疗效相当,齐拉西酮为安全有效的抗精神病药.     

齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症伴抑郁症状对照观察

目的：比较齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症伴抑郁症状的疗效。方法：58例首发精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,分别给予齐拉西酮（齐拉西酮组）和利培酮（利培酮组）治疗8周,以阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定临床疗效;以治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：治疗后两组患者PANSS和HAMD评分均显著下降,齐拉西酮组改善抑郁疗效优于利培酮组。两组不良反应发生率差异无显著性。结论：齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗精神分裂症的精神病性症状疗效相当,齐拉西酮对精神分裂症抑郁症状疗效较好。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照分析

目的:探讨齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法:将80例精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组和利培酮组,每组40例。疗程8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗8周后,齐拉西酮组显效率和有效率分别为65.0%和85.0%,利培酮组分别为67.5%及87.5%,两组疗效相当;两组治疗后PANSS总分和各因子分均较治疗前有明显下降,但两组间比较差异无显著性。不良反应总发生率齐拉西酮组显著低于利培酮组。结论:齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症有较好的疗效,与利培酮相当,不良反应比利培酮更少。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者的对照研究

目的:比较齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效与不良反应。方法:120例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症诊断标准的患者随机分为两组,每组60例,分别给予齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗8周,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应,用世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表(WHOQOL-100)评定生活质量。结果:治疗8周后,齐拉西酮组显效率73.3%,有效率90.0%,利培酮组显效率66.7%,总有效率86.7%,两组疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组WHOQOL-100各领域评分较治疗前均明显改善(P>0.01);齐拉西酮组不良反应发生率16.7%,利培酮组为13.3%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效相当,不良反应小,明显改善患者生活质量。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗儿童精神分裂症的对照研究

目的探讨齐拉西酮治疗儿童精神分裂症的临床疗效与安全性。方法:将76例儿童精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别予以齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗,疗程8周。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗8周,齐拉西酮组的有效率为81.6%,利培酮组的有效率为84.2%,两组的差异无统计学意义。结论:齐拉西酮对儿童精神分裂症有效,与利培酮疗效相仿,不良反应较少。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照分析

目的比较齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法将符合入组条件的76例精神分裂症患者随机分成2组,分别给予齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗,观察8周,用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)和副反应量表(TESS)及有关实验室检查评定疗效和不良反应。结果治疗后2组PANSS总分及各因子分较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.05),2组间同期比较无差别(P>0.05),齐拉西酮组有效率78.95%,与利培酮组(81.58%)比较无差别(P>0.05)。利培酮组不良反应大于齐拉西酮组,在体质量增加、锥体外系反应和泌乳闭经方面差异显著(P<0.05)。结论齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症疗效与利培酮相当,不良反应更小。     

齐拉西酮治疗首发精神分裂症对照研究

目的 比较齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效与安全性.方法 分别以齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症各40例,采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应,在治疗前及治疗第2、4、8周末各评定1次.结果 齐拉西酮有效率95%,显效率82%,利培酮有效率87%,显效率77%.齐拉西酮不良反应少于利培酮.结论 齐拉西酮和利培酮对精神分裂症的疗效相当,但齐拉西酮不良反应较少.     

齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症临床对照研究

目的比较齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性,以及对认知功能的影响。方法将52例精神分裂症患者,随机分为齐拉西酮组(26例)和利培酮组(26例),疗程6周。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、韦氏记忆量表修订版(WMS-RC)和副反应量表(TESS)进行评定。结果治疗6周后,齐拉西酮组显效率为61.5%、总有效率为84.6%;利培酮组分别为65.4%和80.8%,两组疗效差异无显著性。两组治疗后WMS-RC的短时记忆、瞬时记忆和记忆商数均明显高于治疗前,两组间比较差异均无显著性。两组不良反应的发生率无明显差异,且程度均较轻。结论齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者疗效相当,依从性好,能明显改善患者的认知功能。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage.

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.