伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离复位术

目的 探讨伴脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方法。方法 术前不用糖皮质激素治疗。以低眼压，视网膜下液少为手术时机不放液手术。结果 手术一次性复位率91.66%，裂孔封闭后炎症消退，玻璃体改善，眼压回升，视力提高。结论 术前不同糖皮质激素治疗。有利于不放液手术和术中顶压找孔，缩短了术前等待的时间。     

Bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with unilateral choroidal melanoma

A patient with bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with a unilateral choroidal melanoma is presented. It appears that there is no causative relationship between these two findings in this case. The clinician should be advised that these two phenomena are not as rare as was once thought, and an index of suspicion should be maintained whenever one is evaluating a patient with retinal detachment.     

合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的手术疗效及其影响手术疗效的因素。方法 回顾1996年1月至1998年8月间,本院收治的188例（188只眼）合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,分析患者术前增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR）的分级、手术方式、术前糖皮质激素治疗等因素与手术疗效的关系。结果 本组患者手术治愈率为83．0％,低于一般视网膜脱离的治愈率;PVR的A－B组手术治愈率为89．6％,C1－C3级为84．1％,D1－D3级为69．0％;PVR的C1－C3级中,行玻璃体切除术者的手术治愈率高于行巩膜扣带术者;术前糖皮质激素使用者比未使用者手术治愈率高;糖皮质激素使用时间的长短与手术治愈率无关;巩膜扣带术者中,放液与不放液与手术治愈率无关。结论 合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者,其视网膜脱离程度严重,PVR发展快,术前应及时给予糖皮质激素治疗,但不能延误手术时机。对PVR的A－B级、脉络膜程度不严重的患者可行巩膜扣带术,尽量不放视网膜下液、不注气;对PVR的C级患者行玻璃体切除术是解决严重脉络膜脱离的有效方法,对脉络膜脱离程度较轻的患者也可行巩膜扣带术;PVR的D级患者应行玻璃体切除术。     

孔源性视网膜脱离伴脉络膜脱离的手术治疗

目的探讨不同的手术方式对伴脉络膜脱离(脉脱)的孔源性视网膜脱离病例的预后影响.方法139例140眼中Ⅱ级膜57眼(40.7%),ⅡA级膜62眼(44.3%).ⅢB级膜21眼(15.0%).64眼行环扎加压手术(scleralbucklingsurgery,SB),76眼行闭合式玻璃体切除手术(closedvirteoussurgery.CV).结果术后随访时间均大于3月,最长达2年,平均3.7月,一次手术复位109眼(77.9%),最终复位率89.3%(125/140).Ⅱ级膜中SB、CV一次手术复位率分别为82.1%、94.4%(P＞0.05),其中裂孔大小合计＞3PD的SB、CV一次手术复位率分别为58.3%、92.3%(P＜0.05);ⅢA级膜中SB、CV一次手术复位率分别为64.0%、86.4%(P＜0.05);ⅢB级膜均采用CV手术,一次手术复位率57.1%.结论对于膜形成不严重的Ⅱ级膜行SB手术比较合适,但裂孔合计＞3PD的宜行CV手术,对于ⅢA级膜及以上的行CV手术更合适.     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离外路显微手术的效果

目的 探讨脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离外路显微手术的临床效果.方法 回顾性病例系列研究,脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离22例(22眼).在手术显微镜直视下先预置环扎带,再完成环扎、硅压预置缝线,放视网膜下液或前房穿刺放房水,视网膜冷凝、垫压,核实裂孔、扎紧环扎带和眼内注入膨胀气体,定期观察手术效果.结果 术后随访3～12个月.一次手术视网膜复位18例,手术成功率81.82％,其余4例需二次行玻璃体切除术;术后最佳矫正视力≥0.4者3例,0.06～0.3者6例,手动～0.05者13例,与术前相比差异具有统计学意义(x2=6.49,P＜0.05);无严重并发症发生.结论 脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离外路显微手术具有操作方便、观察直观、并发症少等优点.     

Primary vitrectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role and the results of primary vitrectomy in treating cases with coexisting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment. METHODS: Eleven consecutive eyes with coexisting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy less than grade C were included. Release of traction on the breaks was achieved by vitrectomy and augmented by episcleral buckle if needed. Perfluorocarbon liquids were used to drain the subretinal fluid through the vitrectomy sclerotomies. The breaks were treated by endolaser under perfluorocarbon liquids. Postoperative tamponade was done by C3F8 gas or silicone oil. Cases were followed up for at least 3 months. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment could be achieved and maintained in all cases by one or more surgeries. No recurrence of choroidal detachment has occurred. In each case, choroidal detachment was drained through the sclerotomies and retinal detachment was repaired. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy represents an effective line in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with coexisting choroidal detachment in phakic or nonphakic eyes. Summary: Primary vitrectomy is recommended for the management of choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment.     

Risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment in Chinese patients

AIM: To comprehensively analyze the risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with choroidal detachment (CD). METHODS: A total of 265 eyes of 265 consecutive cases of RRD were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had systemic and ophthalmologic examination. CD was diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasonography, and ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM). Each parameter was compared between patients of RRD and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of CD. RESULTS: There were 52 eyes (19.62%) with CD. Pseudophakia was more commonly seen in RRDCD (21.15% vs 6.10%, P=0.002). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was lower (8.60±3.62 vs 12.96±3.55, P<0.001), best-corrected visual acuity was worse [3.00 (2.00 to 3.00) vs 1.92 (1.22 to 3.00), P=0.001], and refractive error was more myopic [-4 (-9 to -2) vs -2 (-6 to 0), P=0.007] in RRDCD. Eyes with RRDCD had larger extent of retinal detachment (P=0.007). In RRDCD, 34.62% of eyes presented with multiple holes (P=0.044) and 25.00% with macular holes (P=0.012), compared with 20.66% and 14.08% in RRD. High myopia (P=0.039), low IOP (P=0.017), and larger extent of retinal detachment (P<0.001) were significant and independent risk factors for developing CD. CONCLUSION: For CD in RRD, related factors include BCVA, IOP, lens status, refractive error, extent of retinal detachment, number of holes, and macular hole. Larger extent of retinal detachment, high myopia, and low IOP are significant and independent risk factors.     

Simultaneous choroidal melanoma and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

A case is reported of a 30-year-old man who presented with the unusual combination of a unilateral inferonasal choroidal melanoma and an unassociated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment attributable to a large horseshoe tear in the superotemporal quadrant. Over 20 cases of simultaneous occurrence of these two phenomena have now been reported but this patient appears to be the youngest. The reports of this uncommon association are reviewed.     

玻璃体切除术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离18例

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离并发脉络膜脱离的方法和疗效。方法：18例18眼并发脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切除术治疗,术后观察视力、视网膜复位情况及手术并发症等,随访2～6(平均3．3)mo。结果：在18眼中13眼(72％)术后视网膜复位,大部分视力均有不同程度的提高;5眼视网膜未复位,其中3眼经再手术后复位,2眼眼球萎缩,未再手术。手术并发症主要有术后葡萄膜炎、玻璃体积血、术后高眼压等。结论：及时的玻璃体手术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离,大多数视网膜能够获得复位,部分恢复视功能。     

曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射辅助治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

目的:评价玻璃体手术前1d玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效和安全性。方法:对28例(28眼)脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者于玻璃体手术前1d玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德混悬液0.1mL(4mg)。手术方式为巩膜环扎联合玻璃体切除,术后C3F8或硅油充填。24眼随访6～17(平均8.9)mo。结果:28眼注射曲安奈德后葡萄膜炎症减轻。24眼单次手术视网膜解剖复位率87.5%(21/24)。结论:在玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离前1d玻璃体注射曲安奈德使手术难度降低,提高了视网膜复位率。     

伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的研究进展

伴脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离是一种特殊类型的孔源性视网膜脱离,具有原因不明和自发的特性。就其发生、表现和治疗存在很多的争议,在此结合文献讨论相关问题,希望增进对疾病的了解。     

合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离临床特点及手术疗效分析

目的:分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点及手术治疗效果。方法:合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离患者64例64眼,26例行巩膜扣带术,38例行玻璃体视网膜手术,术中均不行巩膜外冷凝,观察眼部表现及手术复位率等情况,分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离临床特点。结果:本组病例>-6.00D高度近视占总病例数的41%。64例合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离均有葡萄膜炎反应,眼压2.00～8.00mmHg;26例行巩膜扣带术,19例视网膜复位,复位率73%,行玻璃体视网膜手术38例,32例视网膜复位,一次手术复位率84%。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离高度近视眼、人工晶状体眼及无晶状体眼多发,视网膜光凝替代术中巩膜外冷凝可能提高视网膜复位率及减少术后复发率。     

Surgical treatment of retinal detachment in the choroidal colobomas.

Seven eyes from seven patients with retinal detachment and choroidal coloboma (with or without optic disc involvement) were treated. The retinal break was always inside the colobomatous area, except in the cases with evidence of peripheral retinal breaks. In order to produce reattachment of the retina, vitrectomy procedures with removal of posterior hyaloid were used. Drainage of subretinal fluid was performed through the break in the area of the coloboma, with simultaneous fluid-air exchange. Previously undetected retinal breaks were identified by inspecting for the presence of schlieren in the colobomatous area during fluid-air exchange. A peripheral scleral buckle was then applied. Argon laser endophotocoagulation was performed, but when the coloboma involved the optic disc, red krypton endophotocoagulation was used. Retinal reattachment was achieved in all cases.     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床特点。方法连续选择具有典型临床症状的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者61例61眼，与同期行玻璃体切割手术的非脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离患者52例53眼进行对比研究，观察二者眼部体征及手术复位率等情况，并分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的好发因素。结果脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者的眼前节反应重，眼压低（平均4mmHg），与一般孔源性视网膜脱离患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；采用玻璃体切割手术，前者的一次性手术复位率为65．51％，后者为88．68％，二者差异有统计学意义；脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离组中年龄50岁以上及屈光度-6D以上的患者占总例数的50％以上，27．87％的患者合并有黄斑裂孔。结论脉络膜脱离伴视网膜脱离具有严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压症状，老年人和高度近视者好发，多合并有黄斑裂孔，其手术复位率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离者。     

玻璃体切除治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离

目的研究玻璃体切除对合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的治疗作用。方法对连续治疗的12例合并有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患眼,进行玻璃体切除联合长效气体或硅油填充治疗,所有病人术前术后均用激素治疗,对视网膜的复位率进行评价。结果平均随访10.42个月,单次手术视网膜解剖复位率为91.67%（11/12）。再次手术后视网膜解剖复位率为100%。结论玻璃体切除术是治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射的疗效评价

目的通过曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射寻求治疗合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离的有效方法。方法对19例(19只眼)合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离,给予曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射4mg,并对病人症状、眼压、手术条件的改善以及术后增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的发生进行观察。结果曲安奈德成功注入18只眼的玻璃体腔,1只眼误入脉络膜上腔。注药后所有患者的症状都有缓解;前房闪辉、浮游细胞及玻璃体情况改善;17只眼眼压回升,UBM检查脉络膜、睫状体复位;2只眼眼压不升,UBM检查脉络膜、睫状体未能复位;视网膜复位手术一次性成功17只眼(89.5%),2只眼需行二次手术。随访2个月至13个月,18只眼视网膜复位。1只眼发生增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变需再次手术治疗。结论曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射能迅速减轻患者症状,对合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离的治疗及预后的改善具有积极的辅助作用。     

玻璃体切除术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体切除术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法对连续治疗的12例(12只眼)合并有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离眼,进行玻璃体切除联合长效气体或硅油填充治疗,所有患者术前、术后均用激素治疗,对视网膜的复位率进行评价。结果术后平均随访10.42个月。单次手术视网膜解剖复位率为91.67%(11/12),再次手术后视网膜解剖复位率为100%。结论玻璃体切除术是治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

Choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and aqueous flare]

The aqueous protein level (APL) in eyes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) combined with or without choroidal detachment (CD) was investigated using a laser flare-cell meter. The APL in eyes of RRD with CD was 70 times higher than in eyes of simple RRD. The APL increased suddenly with the appearance of CD and decreased rapidly in accordance with the disappearance of CD. The longer the CD continued, the higher the APL remained preoperatively as well as postoperatively. The APL in eyes of RRD with CD was still twice as high as in eyes of simple RRD 6 months after successful retinal reattachment. This marked and prolonged intraocular inflammation in eyes of RRD with CD might result in a poorer visual outcome. The extremely high APL might be caused by reflux of suprachoroidal protein through the uveoscleral route and/or venous protein through the trabecular meshwork due to ocular hypotony and possibly by diffusion of protein via posterior chamber and vitreous cavity due to the breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier.