发达国家老年护理经验及对我国老年护理的展望

分析日本、瑞典、美国、德国老年护理的发展,提出我国的老年护理应借鉴发达国家的经验,制订完善的法律与制度,建立完善的管理网络与服务机构,发展多样化、差异化的养老模式,重视以职业教育培训为主的多元化老年护理教育,探讨适合我国目前老年护理发展的模式。     

发达国家老年护理经验及对我国老年护理的展望

分析日本、瑞典、美国、德国老年护理的发展,提出我国的老年护理应借鉴发达国家的经验,制订完善的法律与制度,建立完善的管理网络与服务机构,发展多样化、差异化的养老模式,重视以职业教育培训为主的多元化老年护理教育,探讨适合我国目前老年护理发展的模式。     

Teach-back方法对养老机构护工分级护理认知的影响

[目的]评价Teach-back教育方法对养老机构护工分级护理认知的影响,以探讨有效的培训措施和健康教育模式。[方法]便利抽取某市70名养老机构护理员。研究者通过建立Teach-back健康教育小组进行为期6个月的老年护理相关知识指导和培训,干预结束后调查护工分级护理认知水平。[结果]干预后护工对分级护理具体项目的认知、对从事分级护理的重要性、专业价值的认知和心理体验、对分级护理认知的总水平得分提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]Teach-back健康教育方法有利于提高养老机构护工对分级护理的认知水平,提高护工工作能力。     

临沂市社区卫生机构管理人员对社区护士需求现状的调查分析

目的了解社区护理现状,探讨和研究社区护士的培养方案。方法采用在复旦大学编写的社区管理人员对社区护理需求及社区护士现状认同调查表基础上修改的调查问卷,对临沂市社区卫生服务机构的管理人员进行调查。结果 43.57%的社区卫生服务机构管理人员认为缺少社区护士,47.14%的社区卫生服务机构人员认为社区护士的知识技能落后是目前制约社区护理发展的主要因素,在调查的40项社区护理服务项目中,只有老年慢性病护理这一项有超过30%社区管理人员认为他们的社区护士能经常做。结论要加强社区护士的培训和培养。可以通过开展在职社区护士的知识技能培训、在学校开设社区护理专业以及社区护士脱产培训等方式发展社区护理,满足社区居民的护理需求。     

江苏省养老机构护理人员专业水平现状调查

[目的]了解江苏省养老护理人员的构成及其专业水平,为培养相关的护理人才、提高养老护理水平提供依据。[方法]根据江苏省社会经济发展水平的差异,分别对苏北、苏中、苏南地区296所养老机构进行抽样调查。[结果]在被调查的养老机构中,专职养老护理人员主要包括专职护士和专职护工,他们在学历构成、专业水平、持证上岗等多方面都存在着明显的不足。[结论]江苏省养老护理人员的现状不容乐观,急需从多方面入手,加以改善和提高。     

对我科基础护理实施现状及认知的调查与分析

目的了解护理人员基础护理实施现状,以便采取有效对策,提高基础护理质量,为病人提供更优质的服务。方法采用自行设计问卷对护士、护生、护工及病人进行调查,了解我科护理人员基础护理的实施现状及认知情况。结果护理人员缺乏对基础护理内涵的认识,过分依赖于护工,导致基础护理落实不到位。结论要提高基础护理质量,必须注重护士、护生职业素质的培养、教育,转变观念及态度,增强其主动服务意识,明确护工职责,加大护理管理力度。     

西安市养老机构老年慢性病患者的医疗护理需求现状调查

目的 调查西安市养老机构老年慢性病患者的医疗护理需求现状.方法 选择在西安市市区10所各级各类养老服务机构入住的老年慢性病患者500例进行调查,调查内容包括一般人口学资料、生活质量及医疗护理需求.结果 500例老年人的生活质量加权平均分为(77.43±2.12)分;对于医疗护理中的心理沟通、行为干预、饮食护理、清洁卫生、户外活动的需求都比较多.多元回归统计分析结果表明影响老年慢性病患者生活质量的因素包括家庭经济状况、自理能力、职业地位与疾病状况(P＜0.05).结论 西安市养老机构老年慢性病患者的医疗护理需求都比较多,要根据影响其生活质量的因素积极加强对症干预,从而建立具有西安特色的养老机构服务模式.     

老年公寓护士离职意愿的质性研究

目的：研究从事养老护理照护的护士离职意愿和相关因素,为养老机构和护理管理者采取针对性的人力资源管理措施提供理论依据。方法采用方便抽样法,对27名现在或曾经从事养老护理照护的护士进行深入访谈,使用Colaizzi 7步分析法整理分析资料。结果约90％的护士离职意愿强烈,希望由老年公寓调至其他科室。结论注重养老护理照护职业情感,职业素养的传帮带;多做正面宣传报道,让社会真正了解养老护理照护工作;制定适合养老机构老年护理照护工作强度的量化标准,降低从事老年护理照护的护士离职率。加强养老机构专业护士的在岗在职教育培养,加快设置养老护理照护专业护生培养的步伐,为发展养老事业提供坚实的人力保障。     

养老机构中护工对护理分级的认知调查

目的 了解养老机构中护工对护理分级的认知情况,分析存在的问题,提出改进措施,以提高护理分级质量.方法 采用自行设计的问卷对122名护工进行有关护理分级及其内容方面的调查.结果 护工对护理分级、护理分级的依据和全照顾护理(介护)项目认知程度相对较高,其余项目认知较低;不同工作年限、文化程度的护工,对护理分级的认知情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 护工对护理分级认知不足,应加强其专业训练与教育,从而提高其对护理分级内容判断的准确性,提高护理服务的效果及病人满意度.     

养老机构中护工对分级护理认知的相关因素调查

目的 了解养老机构中护工对分级护理的认知现状及影响因素. 方法 采用问卷调查法对116名护工进行有关分级护理及内容方面的调查.结果 护工对分级护理的认知较低,角色认知、操作和培训情况、工资待遇及护理工作量对分级护理认知有差异,工作年限、文化程度对分级护理认知无差异.结论 护工对分级护理认知不足,应加强对护工的角色认知教育,加大操作和培训力度,提高福利待遇及合理配备护工,从而提高护工对分级护理的认知,保证分级护理质量及老年人的满意度.     

某高等职业院校五年制护生对老年人态度及老年知识了解情况的调查

目的调查高等职业院校(高职院校)五年制护生对老年人态度及相关知识的了解情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采取分层随机抽样法,选择某高职院校五年制护理专业一至五年级的732名护生作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、对老年人态度量表(Kogan’s attitudes toward old people scale,KAOP)和老年知识测试量表第一部分((the firstfacts of aging quiz,FAQ1)对其进行调查。结果 732名护生的KAOP得分为(155.82±20.62)分,FAQ1得分为(10.27±2.68)分,被老年人照顾过、照顾过老年人、与老年人同住过、与老年人的关系好、与老年人相处过、愿意从事老年护理的护生KAOP得分较高;年级高、接受过老年护理教育、与老年人相处过的护生FAQ1得分较高(均P0.05),且FAQ1得分与KAOP呈正相关(r=0.168,P0.001)。护生KAOP的影响因素为与老年人的关系、是否愿意从事老年护理、FAQ1得分和是否照顾过老年人;FAQ1的影响因素为年级和KAOP得分。结论高职院校五年制护生对老年人的态度趋于正向,但老年知识的掌握相对不足,因此,必须加强对护生老年相关知识的教育和对老年人正向态度的培养,以提高护生从事老年护理的意愿。     

Nurses' knowledge of pain in the elderly

The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' knowledge of pain and pain management with respect to elderly persons. Registered nurses at several general hospitals and nursing homes were surveyed by questionnaire concerning their knowledge of pain management in the elderly. The findings indicated a significant knowledge deficit in this area. There were also significant differences in knowledge levels between general hospital nurses and those working in nursing homes. We conclude that more education about pain management in elderly patients is needed for nurses. This deficit needs to be addressed in both undergraduate nursing programs and hospital in-service courses. Presently, the majority of patients entering hospitals are aged 65 years and over. Hence, nurses in all areas of care, not just specifically those working in aged care facilities, need a sound knowledge of pain management of the elderly to facilitate compassionate and effective nursing care.     

我国老年护理教育发展现状研究

我国老龄化速度加快,老年人口不断增长,老年护理教育自至今虽然已发展了20年,但老年护理人才仍然缺乏,新形势下老年护理面临着挑战。本文主要介绍老年护理教育的相关概念及发展史,分析现在我国老年护理教育中老年护理人才培养模式及途径及存在问题,从而为老年护理教育改革提供依据。     

Attitudes toward older people among nursing students and registered nurses in Sweden

Geriatric nursing is generally not considered to be a popular branch of nursing among Swedish nursing students and registered nurses. It is, therefore, important for nurse educators and others with responsibilities for the development of nursing to pay attention to trends of importance for the care of the elderly. Attitudes - conceptualized as feelings, knowledge, and readiness to act - may be one important factor. It has been reported that feelings toward older people may change with experience, age and gender. The aim of this study was to measure feelings toward older people among nursing students and registered nurses. A convenience sample of 151 undergraduate nursing students and 41 registered nurses in Sweden participated in the study. Data were collected through Kogan's Old People scale. The results confirmed earlier findings and showed that limited previous experience of care of older people, age <25 years, and male gender were significant factors for showing less favourable feelings towards the aged. In the education of nurses, goal-directed experience of elderly care is recommended in order to create positive feelings towards and interest in older people among students. It is also suggested that special considerations should be given to very young students and male students.     

The gerontological nursing fellowship: a program to prepare registered nurses for national certification

The aged population is expanding while the availability of nurses to care for hospitalized elderly people is shrinking. Additionally, care for older persons is complex, requiring specific knowledge. The gerontological nursing fellowship is an effort to assist professional nursing staff in meeting the quantitative and qualitative needs of aged patients as well as to prepare nurses for the ANA certification examination. Developed and coordinated by an ANA-certified, master's-prepared clinical nurse specialist, the program is unique in that it utilizes a didactic and clinical education format. The fellowship is expected to profoundly affect geriatric patient care outcome, prepare nurses for national certification, and enhance recruitment and retention of nurses.     

高职护生对老年护理专业及老年人态度的调查

目的了解高职护生对老年护理专业和老年人的态度。方法分层随机抽取高职护理专业护生997人,采用自编高职护生对老年护理专业认知及就业倾向性问卷和老年人态度量表进行调查。结果高职护生对设置老年护理专业持认同态度,认为老年护理工作发展前景较好,但就业倾向一般;护生对老年人态度评分在中上水平,高年级护生对老年人态度较低年级护生更趋于正向(P<0.01)。结论高职护生对老年护理专业有一定认识,对老年人亦有情感。构建合理的老年护理课程设置,改善职业环境,以提升高职护生对老年护理专业的承诺。     

Nursing home employment for nursing students: valuable experience or a harsh deterrent?

AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary aim of the study was to examine the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students at the both the beginning and end of their nursing course. BACKGROUND: Throughout Australia there is increasing awareness of the ageing of the population and the widespread implications this will have for the future. The ramifications for the health system are expected to be wide and far-reaching. For the nursing profession the increase in the number of aged people will increase the demand for nurses to practice within the aged care area. This raises serious concerns in light of the negative attitudes that Registered Nurses and undergraduate nursing students hold towards working with older people. METHODS: This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study of undergraduate nursing students at the start (n = 793) and at the end (n = 524) of their nursing education programme. FINDINGS: The findings support the literature in demonstrating that working with older people is the least preferred area of practice for students, and that its popularity actually declines during the education process. One interesting finding from this research suggests that part-time employment of student nurses in nursing homes can further influence students' negative attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: If nursing students are to continue working in aged care, strategies to address the potential detrimental impact need to be identified and developed as a matter of urgency.     

高职护生临终关怀态度的调查

目的 了解高职护生的临终关怀态度,为开展高职护生临终关怀教育提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对南京市某高职院校713名护生进行问卷调查.结果 护生临终关怀态度总分为(124.72±9.13)分,个人忧虑态度得分为(53.54±5.76)分,专业忧虑态度得分为(71.18±6.98)分.是否独生子女以及实习、照顾临终患者、至亲去世的经历对护生的临终关怀态度有影响.结论 高职护生临终关怀忧虑程度较高,因此有必要加强高职护生临终关怀教育,同时有必要针对高职护生临终关怀教育需求和内涵作更系统、更全面的研究.     

老年人自我护理能力与社区护理服务需求相关性研究

目的：了解老年人自我护理能力和社区护理服务需求现状,并探讨老年人自我护理能力与社区护理服务需求的相关性,为完善社区老年护理服务内容提供依据。方法：采用便利抽样的方法,在无锡市梁溪区金星街道中便利选取1 023名老年人作为研究对象,应用一般资料调查表、自我护理能力测量表和社区护理服务需求调查表进行测量。结果：老年人自我护理能力得分为（112.71±17.86）分,社区护理服务需求得分为（82.80±16.63）分。老年人自我护理能力与社区护理服务需求之间呈负相关(r=-0.05～ -0.13,P<0.05)。结论：老年人社区护理服务需求与自我护理能力之间存在负相关。社区护士应根据老年人自我护理能力水平,不断完善和开展有针对性的社区老年护理服务,以提高社区老年护理服务水平。     

Factors associated with nursing home entry for older people in Taiwan,Republic of China

Taiwan is facing a rapid change in the composition of its population. As the population ages, a greater demand for long-term care services and, in particular, nursing homes is expected. Before deciding who really needs nursing home care, it is important for policy makers to understand the current pattern of utilisation and what factors are associated with entry. This research assesses the relative importance of predisposing, enabling and need factors that lie behind this. It is based on a survey of elderly people in registered nursing homes, a comparison with a national sample of elderly people in their own homes and interviews with the lucid elderly patients (i.e. could communicate with no problems) and their carers. It was found that nursing home entry was associated with advanced age, gender, educational level and dependency levels of elderly people. After controlling for age, need factors have the greatest impact on admission. Specific medical problems such as cardiovascular, neurological and skeletal muscular diseases were also major contributors. Although most elderly people in Taiwan are cared for in their own homes by their families, under certain circumstances entry to a nursing home seemed inevitable. Decisions about nursing home entry were mainly taken within a family context with adult children being the main players while professionals played a relatively minimal role.