糖化血红蛋白在2型糖尿病诊断与防治中的临床意义

目的:研究糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)检测在2型糖尿病(T2DM)早期筛查中的应用?方法:2013年在江苏省淮安地区随机选择40岁及以上在该地区居住 6 个月以上的居民作为调查对象,共1 089例?采用统一的流行病学调查表收集调查对象的人口学特征?饮食生活习惯?对糖尿病认知度及患病史?对调查对象进行身体测量,内容包括:身高?体重?腰围和血压?采集所有调查对象晨尿?空腹静脉血和口服 82.5 g 葡萄糖粉后 2 h静脉血(有糖尿病病史者不服糖粉)?检测指标包括尿常规?血糖?生化全套?胰岛素?HbA1c?糖化白蛋白等?结果:调查中空腹血糖(FPG)诊断T2DM敏感性73.89%,误诊率26.11%;HbA1c诊断T2DM敏感性73.22%,误诊率26.78%; FPG与HbA1c联合起来共同诊断T2DM,则敏感性89.59%,误诊率为10.41%,FPG与HbA1c两种诊断结果的差异无统计学意义(P = 0.830),两种诊断方法的吻合度有统计学意义,吻合度一般(k = 0.374,Pk < 0.01)?采用稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),HbA1c ≥ 6.5%受试者的HOMA-IR均大于诊断标准(HOWA-IR ≥ 2.68)且HbA1c水平与HOMA-IR大小呈正相关(r = 0.375)?结论:FPG联合 HbA1c不仅可大大提高对T2DM诊断的准确性,还可以评价胰岛素抵抗情况和糖尿病的治疗效果?     

肥胖患者糖脂代谢特点及与前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9关系的研究

目的:探讨青少年及年轻成人肥胖患者糖脂代谢的特点及与前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(PCSK9)的关系?方法:收集就诊患者54例(其中男22例,女32例),排除既往有糖尿病史者,对其进行问卷调查?体格检查以及相关代谢指标的测定,同时行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)?用ELISA方法检测血清样本中PCSK9的水平?结果:体质指数(BMI)与空腹血糖(FBG)?空腹胰岛素(FINS)?空腹C肽(FCP)?胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正相关(r值分别为0.386?0.488?0.363?0.546,P均 < 0.05),与甘油三酯(TG)?总胆固醇(TC)?低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)呈正相关(r值分别为0.365?0.274?0.305,P均 < 0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关(r = -0.270,P < 0.05),BMI与C反应蛋白(CRP)?γ谷氨酰胺转肽酶(γGGT)呈正相关(r值分别为0.577?0.417,P均 < 0.05),与总胆红素(TBIL)呈负相关(r = -0.322,P < 0.05)?PCSK9水平与BMI?FINS?HOMA-IR呈正相关(r值分别为0.406?0.535?0.496,P均 < 0.05),但与TG?TC?LDL-C?HDL-C相关性不明显(r值分别为0.089?0.237?0.269?-0.002,P均 > 0.05)?CRP与FINS?FCP?HOMA-IR?TG呈正相关(r值分别为0.331?0.464?0.494?0.530,P均 < 0.05)?γGGT与FBG?TG呈正相关(r值分别为0.284?0.501,P均 < 0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(r = -0.289,P < 0.05)?TBIL与FINS?FCP?LDL-C呈负相关(r值分别为-0.324?-0.290?-0.315,P均 < 0.05)?结论:肥胖青少年及年轻成人机体存在多种糖脂代谢指标的异常, 其中PCSK9与FINS和HOMA-IR密切相关?对青少年及年轻成人肥胖的预防有助于预防未来心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的发生?     

利用Botnia钳夹技术评估新简易胰岛素抵抗指数在2型糖尿病患者中与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的:通过Botnia钳夹试验验证简易胰岛素抵抗指数(TyG)在评估2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗中的临床应用价值?方法:共收集43例2型糖尿病受试者,检测空腹血脂谱及其他重要生化指标?所有受试者均行Botnia钳夹试验,并计算葡萄糖代谢率?TyG指数以及HOMA指数?QUICK指数?ISI指数?比较各指数预测评估糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的能力?结果:Pearson相关分析结果显示:TyG指数与Botnia钳夹试验所得葡萄糖代谢率(r = -0.536,P < 0.001)? HOMA1-IR指数(r = 0.464,P < 0.01)?HOMA2-IR指数(r = 0.402,P < 0.01)?QUICK指数(r = -0.448,P < 0.01)?ISI指数(r = -0.464,P < 0.01)均显著相关?以葡萄糖代谢率为标准,绘制ROC曲线,不同指数曲线下面积为TyG(0.879)> HOMA1-IR(0.762)> HOMA2-IR(0.738)?TyG指数诊断胰岛素抵抗的最佳值为4.76,此值在ROC曲线中对应了最高的敏感性(96.4%)和特异性(66.7%)?结论:TyG指数是较好的评估胰岛素抵抗的简易指数,在2型糖尿病患者中与Botnia钳夹试验所得的葡萄糖代谢率以及HOMA指数?QUICK指数?ISI指数有较好的相关性,较高的敏感度及特异度,且价格低廉临床容易获得,值得推广?     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者日内平均血糖波动幅度影响因素分析

目的:探讨新诊断2型糖尿病患者日内平均血糖波动幅度(24 h mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,MAGE)影响因素?方法:110例未经治疗的新诊断2型糖尿病患者行连续3 d动态血糖监测(continuous glucose monitoring system,CGMS),计算 MAGE;收集患者基线资料,并检测糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)?空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)及口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)餐后2 h血糖(postprandial 2 h blood glucose,PBG)?胰岛素?C肽?血脂?肾功能?肝功能?结果:HbA1c是新诊断2型糖尿病MAGE的独立影响因素(P < 0.05),HbA1c<9.9%患者的MAGE显著低于HbA1c≥9.9%患者(5.97 mmol/L vs. 7.43 mmol/L,P < 0.05)?其中当HbA1c<8.5%时,HbA1c主要受PBG影响,但当HbA1c≥9.2%时,则FBG是新诊断2型糖尿病患者HbA1c的独立影响因素(P < 0.001)?FBG<10.84 mmol/L患者的HbA1c显著低于FBG≥10.84 mmol/L患者(9.10% vs. 10.87%,P < 0.001)?结论:HbA1c 是新诊断2型糖尿病患者MAGE的独立影响因素,其中FBG与HbA1c密切相关?     

胰岛素抵抗及肥胖对中老年女性甲状腺结节的影响研究

目的 探讨胰岛素抵抗、不同肥胖测量指标对中老年女性甲状腺结节的影响。方法 选取2013年3—10月在宁波市镇海区炼化医院体检中心进行健康体检的45岁及以上宁波市某石化企业在职和退休女性员工共1 507例,根据超声检查有无甲状腺结节分为甲状腺结节组（837例）及对照组（670例）。记录受试者年龄、腰围、体质指数（BMI）、收缩压(SBP）、舒张压(DBP）、血脂、甲状腺功能、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平,并根据FBG和FINS计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR）,评价不同肥胖测量指标与甲状腺结节检出率及HOMA-IR的关系。结果 1 507例女性,检出甲状腺结节837例,检出率为55.5%。甲状腺结节组患者的年龄、腰围、BMI、SBP、DBP、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、HbA1c、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。随着BMI的增加甲状腺结节检出率、HOMA-IR均逐渐升高（P＜0.05）。中心性肥胖者甲状腺结节检出率、HOMA-IR均高于非中心性肥胖者（P＜0.05）。随着HOMA-IR的升高,甲状腺结节检出率逐渐升高（χ2趋势=17.257,P＜0.001）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,年龄〔OR=1.06,95%CI（1.04,1.07）〕、超重〔OR=1.39,95%CI（1.05,1.86）〕、肥胖〔OR=1.83,95%CI（1.07,3.12）〕、TG〔OR=1.18,95%CI（1.00,1.39）〕、TSH〔OR=0.93,95%CI（0.86,1.00）〕、FBG〔OR=1.37,95%CI（1.15,1.64）〕、FINS〔OR=0.94,95%CI（0.89,0.99）〕、HOMA-IR 1.2～1.7〔OR=1.57,95%CI（1.12,2.19）〕、HOMA-IR≥1.8〔OR=1.76,95%CI（1.08,2.83）〕与甲状腺结节检出率有回归关系（P＜0.05）。结论 中老年女性甲状腺结节检出率高,与年龄、血脂、甲状腺功能、FBG、FINS关系密切,超重、肥胖、HOMA-IR可能是甲状腺结节发病的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者高促甲状腺激素水平与胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激的关系

目的通过8-异前列腺素F2α(8-iso-PGF2α)探讨2型糖尿病患者高促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平与胰岛素抵抗(IR)及氧化应激(OS)的关系。方法选取124例住院治疗的2型糖尿病高TSH水平患者为研究组,选取124例同期住院治疗的2型糖尿病正常TSH水平患者为对照组。于入院第2天上午7:00~9:00空腹测量身高、体重、血压,计算体重指数(BMI);空腹采静脉血检测甲状腺功能、血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和8-iso-PGF2α。结果两组年龄、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、病程、Hb A1c比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组BMI(P=0.014)、8-iso-PGF2α(P<0.001)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)(P<0.001)明显高于对照组。以Ln TSH为因变量的多元逐步回归分析显示,8-iso-PGF2α是影响高TSH水平的主要因素(P<0.001),HOMA-IR为次要因素(P=0.015)。结论 2型糖尿病患者高TSH水平与IR及OS有关,可作为2型糖尿病合并甲状腺功能减退症或亚临床甲状腺功能减退症抗氧化治疗的理论依据。     

伴或不伴非酒精性脂肪肝对多囊卵巢综合征患者代谢指标的影响

目的:分析伴或不伴非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者代谢指标的影响?方法:测定PCOS伴NAFLD组(PCOS1组27例)和PCOS不伴NAFLD组(PCOS2组23例)的体质指数(BMI)?腰臀比(WHR)?血压(BP)?尿酸(UA)?丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)?皮质醇(F)?黄体生成素(LH)?卵泡刺激素(FSH)?催乳素(PRL)?睾酮(T)?雌二醇(E2)?总胆固醇(TC)?甘油三酯(TG)?低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)?高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)?脂蛋白a[LP(a)]?空腹血糖(FBG)?空腹胰岛素(FINS)和瘦素(LEP)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)?结果:PCOS2组ALT?BMI和WHR低于PCOS1组(P < 0.01)?PCOS2组TG?Lp(a)?FINS?LEP水平低于PCOS1组(P < 0.05)?PCOS2组F?HDL-C高于PCOS1组(P < 0.05)?PCOS1组HOMA-IR与LEP?BMI?Lp(a)呈正相关趋势?PCOS2组HOMA-IR与T呈正相关趋势?结论:PCOS伴NAFLD患者代谢异常以胰岛素抵抗?血脂异常为主要特征;PCOS不伴NAFLD患者以T升高为主要特征?PCOS?NAFLD两种疾病在临床上存在相关性,对伴或不伴NAFLD的PCOS患者在干预和治疗上应采用不同手段?     

血清校正钙与妊娠期糖尿病胰岛素抵抗关系临床研究

目的:研究妊娠期糖尿病患者血清校正钙(CsCa)与机体胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法:326例妊娠期糖尿病根据不同血糖控制水平分为控制良好组98例,控制一般组116例,控制不良组112例,比较各组血清校正钙水平与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的关系.结果:妊娠期糖尿病患者不同血糖控制水平各组的CsCa、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR随血糖控制情况变差出现增高,CsCa随血糖控制情况变差出现降低,胰岛素(FINS)3组间无统计学差异(P＞0.05);多元逐步回归分析,FPG(r=-0.594,P=0.000)、HbA1c(r=-0.645,P=0.000)、HOMA-IR(r=-0.618,P=0.000)均为CsCa的独立影响因子,均与CsCa呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论:妊娠期糖尿病患者糖代谢紊乱伴随着体内钙离子水平的变化,血清钙水平与患者的胰岛素抵抗关系密切.     

非酒精性脂肪肝血清铁蛋白水平与胰岛素抵抗程度的相关性分析

目的:研究非酒精性脂肪肝?非酒精性脂肪肝合并2型糖尿病患者血清铁蛋白水平及其与胰岛素抵抗程度的相关性?方法:选取单纯非酒精性脂肪肝患者41例,非酒精性脂肪肝合并2型糖尿病患者76例,健康体检60例为研究对象?测定体质指数(BMI),检测空腹血糖(FBG)?丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)?门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)?胆固醇(TC)?甘油三酯(TG)?低密度脂蛋白(LDL)?糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)?尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐(UAlb/UCr)等生化指标并行肝脏B超检查?放射免疫法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR)?同时测定血清铁(SI)?铁蛋白(SF)?转铁蛋白(TRF),并分析铁代谢指标与胰岛素抵抗指标的相关性?结果:非酒精性脂肪肝合并2型糖尿病组BMI?ALT?AST?TC?LDL?FBG?FINS?HOMA IR?HbA1C?UAlb/UCr?SF均高于对照组;与单纯非酒精性脂肪肝比较,非酒精性脂肪肝合并2型糖尿病组胰岛素抵抗及铁代谢异常程度更重;相关性研究表明FBG?HOMA IR?HbA1C与SF呈正相关,HbA1C与TRF呈负相关?结论:非酒精性脂肪肝患者存在明显的胰岛素抵抗及高血清铁蛋白血症,且两者具有一定的相关性?降低胰岛素抵抗联合纠正铁代谢紊乱对防止非酒精性脂肪肝的发生发展具有重要的临床意义?     

2型糖尿病与甲状腺结节相关性的研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)与甲状腺结节之间的相关性。方法:以528例住院T2DM患者为研究对象,回顾分析其体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、HOMA-IR以及甲状腺彩超检查的结果,并按肥胖、糖尿病病程、性别、年龄、血糖控制水平分析各亚组的甲状腺结节的发生情况,同时进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:T2DM患者总甲状腺结节的患病率为64.39%,单结节、多结节分别为35.00%、65.00%,女(74.62%)多于男(57.87%)(P0.05)。甲状腺结节患病率不随病程增加而增加(P0.05),但随年龄增加而增加,老年组(74.60%)明显高于非老年组(53.29%)(P0.05),肥胖亚组(68.10%)高于非肥胖亚组(61.49%),但尚无统计学意义(P0.05)。HbA1C≥7.0%亚组患病率(65.25%)较HbA1C7.0%亚组(61.72%)亦无明显增加(P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,甲状腺结节的发生与年龄、BMI、FPG、HOMA-IR独立相关(β=1.32,OR=3.46;β=0.58,OR=2.37;β=0.61,OR=2.45;β=0.34,OR=1.87;P0.05)。结论:T2DM患者的甲状腺结节患病率较高,年龄、体质指数、空腹血糖和胰岛素抵抗可能是T2DM患者甲状腺结节发生的独立预测因素。临床实践中,甲状腺结节筛查应作为2型糖尿病患者的常规检查,尤其对于肥胖的老年2型糖尿病患者。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.