弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的 探讨弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌行保肛手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析我中心2007年6月至2008年12月期间在低位直肠癌低位前切除术及超低位前切除术中使用弧形切割吻合器的32例患者的临床资料.结果 本组无手术死亡病例,所有病例切割闭合完全,术后并发直肠阴道瘘1例,吻合口漏1例;30例患者得到随访,随访时间4～22个月(平均12.6个月),无盆腔及吻合口大出血及吻合口狭窄病例.结论 弧形切割吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用具有切割完整、闭合确实及并发症发生率低的优点,特别是操作更加方便,扩大了低位直肠癌保肛手术的适用范围,提高了低位直肠癌保肛率.     

支撑吻合管吻合法用于低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床研究

为探讨支撑吻合管吻合法用于低位直肠癌保肛手术的效果,本研究将102例肿瘤下缘距肛缘4～6cm的低位直肠癌拟行保肛手术者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各51例,治疗组术中采用支撑吻合管吻合法吻合肠管,对照组采用管状吻合器吻合法吻合肠管,对比两组患者术后吻合口漏及肛门坠胀不适发生率。结果显示,治疗组术后无一例发生吻合口漏;对照组发生吻合口漏5例（9．8％）,其中1例经保守治疗后症状缓解,4例行吻合口漏修补术。治疗组术后吻合口漏发生率明显低于对照组,P〈0．05。术后随访,治疗组患者诉肛门坠胀不适6例（11．8％）,对照组15例（29．4％）,两组比较差异亦有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结果表明,支撑吻合管吻合法可有效降低低位直肠癌保肛手术后吻合口漏的发生率,且可减轻患者肛门坠胀不适症状,值得临床推广应用。     

肠道菌群失调与中低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏相关性研究

目的 分析中低位直肠癌病人行腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术（low anterior resection,LAR）后发生肠道菌群失调与吻合口漏的危险因素及二者的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2016年11月至2019年4月北京协和医院基本外科行腹腔镜LAR的155例中低位直肠癌病人的临床资料,评估术后肠道菌群失调和吻合口漏的发生情况。结果 155例病人中有34例（21.9%）术后发生肠道菌群失调,20例（12.9%）术后发生吻合口漏,肠道菌群失调与吻合口漏同时发生者为18例（11.6%）。单因素及多元回归分析显示,肠道菌群失调（c2=25.674,OR=90.398,P＜0.05）、肿瘤直径增加（c2=6.644,OR=3.915,P＜0.05）是术后发生吻合口漏的危险因素,保护性肠造口有助于减少术后吻合口漏的发生（c2=4.040,OR=0.024,P＜0.05）。肿瘤直径 、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离 、新辅助治疗、术前血清白蛋白水平、肠道准备用药量、保护性肠造口、术前癌胚抗原水平、 手术时间、术中出血量对肠道菌群失调的影响无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 直肠癌术后肠道菌群失调的早期诊断更多依赖于病人的临床表现,术后肠道菌群失调、肿瘤直径增加是术后发生吻合口漏的危险因素,术中行保护性肠造口有助于减少吻合口漏的发生。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术及其吻合技术的探讨(附55例报告)

目的：探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术方法及其吻合技术。方法：报告55例低位直肠癌保肛手术的近期疗效、并发症。结果：在根治性切除的基础上，51例采用单吻合器行端端吻合无并发症；2例采用双吻合器行端侧吻合，均发生吻合口瘘；2例采用仿Mounsell—weir吻合效果良好。结论：①肿瘤下缘距肛缘5～7cm，侵及肠壁周径≤1／2，无远处转移，且术中游离超过肿瘤下缘2～3cm者，均可先用保肛手术；②采用荷包缝合钳加单吻合器的端端吻合是理想的吻合方法。     

经腹低位直肠癌切除,结肛吻合术的应用

近１０年来，由于订书机吻合器的广泛使用，尤其是双吻合器在临床上的使用，使保肛手术成功率达６９．８３％，但仍有一部分低位直肠癌需行Ｍｉｌｅｓ术。１９９０年１月至１９９７年１２月，选择了２３例低位直肠癌经腹切除、结肛吻合术。结果：根治切除２２例，占９５．６５％，无手术死亡病例，结肛吻合口瘘发生２例，占８．６９％，随访６￣７２个月，平均４２个月，盆腔复发２例，占８．６９％，无吻合口复发及吻合口狭窄。手术     

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近年来，由于对直肠癌生物学行为和直肠局部解剖认识的加深，以及吻合技术的提高和围手术期治疗的强化，尤其吻合器的广泛应用和直肠系膜全切除术(TME)的推广实施，使低位直肠癌的保肛率逐年提高。目前常用于低位直肠癌保肛手术中的器械吻合方法主要为双吻合器和单吻合器技术。但无论何种吻合技术，使用吻合器重建消化道常见的并发症主要为吻合口漏和狭窄，比较罕见的是吻合口出血等。     

直肠癌双吻合器保肛术后吻合口漏的危险因素分析

目的评估双吻合器在直肠癌保肛术中的应用价值,探讨吻合口漏的危险因素。方法广东省人民医院五年收治的457例采用双吻合器行直肠癌前切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾行分析,应用SPSS软件对数据进行统计处理,采用x^2检验。结果457例直肠癌患者均应用双吻合器进行直肠闭合并吻合成功,术后出现吻合口漏19例,发生率为4．16％,（19／457）。吻合口漏的发生与患者的性别、肿瘤及吻合口距肛缘距离、肿瘤大小、术前的营养状况、手术者操作技巧、是否出现肿瘤性梗阻等因素密切相关（P〈0．05）。而与患者年龄、糖尿病、高血压病、肿瘤病理类型等无明显关系。19例吻合口漏的患者17例经保守治疗痊愈、2例经肛门行漏口缝合术痊愈。元一例再次经腹手术。结论直肠癌行双吻合器保肛术后吻合口漏发生率与患者自身因素、肿瘤本身、手术者的操作技巧等因素有关。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术中应用弯管型吻合器的临床价值

目的：探讨弯管型吻合器在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法：总结我院2000的1月至2001年5月用弯管型吻合器对31例低位直肠癌病人保肛吻合手术的应用体会。结果：31例低位直肠癌病人，后未发生1例吻合口出血、狭窄和吻合口瘘等并发症；且侧端吻合的直肠近端肠管具有一定的粪便储存功能。结论：该方法操作方便，安全可靠，使手术时间明显缩短。     

低位直肠癌双荷包管状吻合器吻合的应用体会

目的 探讨荷包加单吻合联合应用于直肠癌低位保肛手术的效果.方法 本研究通过回顾性分析18例患者在低位直肠癌根治术(保肛手术),术前经电子结肠镜检查并活检确诊,癌肿下缘距肛缘距离5-7厘米的直肠癌患者,采用单吻合器联合荷包钳法,行低位结直肠吻合.结果 18例患者荷包加单吻合联合应用行直肠癌低位保肛手术顺利,术后无吻合口瘘...     

国产单吻合器Dixon术后吻合口瘘的预防

目的探讨直肠癌单吻合器Dixon手术吻合口瘘的预防措施。方法7年来对中低位直肠癌采用单吻合器Dixon手术41例,对其临床资料进行分析和总结。结果发生吻合口瘘1例(2.4%),经双骶前引流管充分引流,冲洗后3周愈合。结论只要手术方法得当,正确使用吻合器,国产单吻合器Dixon手术经济、安全、可靠。     

单层缝合吻合法和吻合器吻合法在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用对比研究

目的　探讨单层缝合手法吻合在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法　 96例我院择期行低位直肠癌保肛手术患者 ,随机双盲分为 2组 ,单层缝合手法吻合组 5 4例 ,以吻合器吻合组4 2例为对照 ,对术后吻合口并发症及患者肛门排便功能进行了对照研究。结果　单层缝合手法吻合组 5 4例无吻合口漏及狭窄。术后排便功能控制好 ,局部复发 2例。吻合器吻合组 4 2例无吻合口漏 ,但 7例发生吻合口狭窄 ,需服用缓泻剂协助排便及扩肛治疗。 2例发生吻合口出血 ,局部复发 2例。结论　单层缝合手法吻合具有操作简便易行 ,经济安全 ,术后并发症少 ,排便功能控制好的优点 ,在低位直肠癌保肛手术中仍占有重要地位     

直肠癌前切除、结肠“J”型储袋对术后排便功能的影响

目的为探讨直肠癌行低位前切除术后应用结肠“J”型储袋行直肠或肛管吻合能否改善患者的排便功能。方法对2000年1月至2001年1月间连续行低位前切除术的72例中、下段直肠癌患者行回顾性分析。根据吻合方式分为两组：“J”型储袋组,共33例;直接吻合组,共37例。分别于术后1、3、6及12个月,对手术并发症及排便功能行比较性研究。结果发现两组均无手术死亡及术后出血病例。直吻组发生吻合口瘘2例;储袋组及直肠组术后吻合口狭窄分别为2例及1例;局部复发者各为3例;肝转移分别为2例及3例。“J”型储袋组较直接吻合组患者术后6个月及12个月之日排便次数及夜间排便人数比率均明显减少（7次vs3次,P〈0．05;3次VS1次,P〈0．05）,（64％VS31％,P〈0．05;30％VS3．9％,P〈0．05）。前者大便失禁综合评分显著优于后者（8VS2,P〈0．05;5．2VSL5,P〈0．05）。结论结果表明直肠癌行低位前切除术后,应用“J”型储袋行直肠或肛管吻合,不增加手术并发症,且在术后1年内,可以在某些方面改善患者排便功能。     

生物可分解吻合环与手工缝合在肠吻合术中的随机对照研究

目的： 评估生物可分解吻合环在肠道吻合手术中的应用。方法：将需行肠吻合术的患者随机分成两组：吻合环组92例，手工缝合组94例，共186例。术后分别记录与吻合口有关的并发症、肠功能恢复时间等情况。127例结肠肿瘤患者（吻合环组62例，手工缝合组65例）术后随访时观察吻合口炎症发生的情况。两组病例一般资料分布均衡。结果：2例(2.17%)患者术中出现使用吻合环困难。两组各死亡1例，但均与手术操作无关。术后肠功能恢复时间：吻合环组（61.4±8.6）h，手工缝合组（68.3±9.7）h，两组之间差异无显著性（P>0.05）。吻合环组发生术后吻合瘘1例（1.1%），手工缝合组发生2例（2.1%）（P>0.05）；吻合环组发生术后吻合口出血2例（2.2%）,手工组缝合组发生1例（1.1%）（P>0.05）；两组术后均未发生吻合口梗阻；吻合环组发生吻合口炎症2例（3.2%），手工缝合组发生13例（20.0%），两组之间差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论： 生物可分解吻合环是一种安全有效的肠吻合装置。     

Anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery. Analysis of 1290 patients

The most frightening complication following colorectal surgery is the anastomotic leakage which is associated with an high mortality rate, and the analysis of risk factors for the anastomotic leak is of great interest. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the risk factor for the anastomotic leakage in personal series of patients who underwent colorectal surgery. We have analyzed a consecutive series of 1290 patients who underwent colorectal open surgery from 1970 to 2004. The associations between anastomotic leak and several risk factors were studied by univariate analysis. The variables considered were the following: age; sex; type of disease; elective or emergency surgery; type of surgery; type, design and site (intra or extra peritoneal) of the anastomosis; stapled or manual anastomosis; distance from anal verge of the colorectal anastomosis; intraoperative complications; protective stoma. The rate of anastomotic leakage was 4.8% (62/1290 patients). Significant factors were: the type of surgery (higher risk after restorative proctocolectomy or rectal resection), the site extra peritoneal of the anastomosis, the type of the anastomosis (higher risk after coloanal or ileal-pouch anal or colorectal), the stapled anastomosis, the intraoperative complications. After colorectal anastomosis the risk of leakage has progressively higher for low, ultra-low and coloanal anastomosis. In these conditions a protective stoma seems to be suitable.     

应用消化道吻合器在食管胃颈部吻合的体会

１９８８年１０月至１９９５年２月应用消化道吻合器对１８８例食管癌切除后病人行颈部吻合，并以机械吻合方法代替传统手工操作。吻合无失败者。术后吻合口瘘发生率１６％（３／１８８），吻合口狭窄２１％（４／１８８）。无吻合口出血，无手术死亡病例。作者认为，颈部机械吻合方法操作简单，易于掌握，吻合可靠，缩短了手术时间，减少了术后并发症的发生。     

The persisting presacral sinus after anastomotic leakage following anterior resection or restorative proctocolectomy

Aim Despite improvements in anastomotic technique, anastomotic leakage is frequently encountered following anterior resection. This can eventually evolve into a presacral sinus. This study assessed the incidence, the natural course and the outcome of persisting presacral sinus. Method Patients who underwent low anterior resection (LAR) for cancer or restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) for ulcerative colitis or familial polyposis were eligible. Patients with anastomotic leakage or a presacral abscess were included. Outcome parameters included a persistent presacral sinus, or its closure and average time to closure and the stoma closure rate. Results Twenty‐five patients were identified with a sinus after LAR (n = 20) or RPC (n = 5). A persistent sinus was present in nine (1%) of 834 patients after LAR and two (0.9%) of 229 patients after RPC. Definitive resolution of the sinus occurred in 12 (52%) of 23 assessable patients. This was achieved at a median of 340 days (range 23–731 days). At final follow‐up, nine of the 23 patients had permanent faecal diversion because of recurrent abscess or persistent sinus formation, seven after LAR and two after RPC. Conclusion A significant proportion of patients with anastomotic leakage after rectal surgery develop a chronic sinus, of which only half heal over time. Persisting sinus is the main reason for a permanent stoma.     

Effect of preoperative irradiation on healing of low colorectal anastomoses

The effect of preoperative irradiation on the healing of low colorectal anastomoses was studied experimentally. In 12 dogs in whom preoperative irradiation of 4,000 rads was given before low colorectal stapled anastomosis was performed, anastomotic leakage occurred in 66 percent. More than half of the anastomotic leaks were associated with either severe sepsis or death. In a matched group of control animals that underwent stapled anastomoses without irradiation, no anastomotic complications occurred. The clinical implications of this study are that stapled anastomoses in irradiated colon are at serious risk of anastomotic dehiscence and, therefore, should be protected with a proximal colostomy.     

Utility of total mechanical stapled cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy: a comparison to conventional anastomotic techniques

BACKGROUND: Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy is often troubled with anastomotic leak resulting in local sepsis, postoperative stricture, and prolonged hospitalization. We compared the anastomotic outcomes and clinical course of esophagectomy patients undergoing total mechanical stapled esophagogastric anastomosis versus a partial handsewn/mechanical stapled cervical anastomotic technique. METHODS: One hundred eighty-one patients underwent transhiatal (N=146) or 3-field (abdomen/chest/neck incisions) (N=35) esophagectomy. A total mechanical stapled anastomosis was accomplished in 125 patients. A handsewn/mechanical stapled anastomosis was performed in 56 patients. The total mechanical stapled anastomosis was accomplished by using the endoscopic gastrointestinal stapler to construct the posterolateral aspect and a linear stapler to close the anterior aspect of the anastomosis. Total mechanical stapled anastomosis patients had the endoscopic gastrointestinal stapler also used to divide the left gastric vessels and the short gastric mesentery for gastric mobilization. Anastomotic outcomes were analyzed by the leak rate (contrast study) and the need of serial dilations in each group. CONCLUSIONS: Total mechanical stapled technique after esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis appears to be effective in reducing hospitalization and anastomotic complications compared to partial or complete handsewn techniques. Liberal use of endoscopic staplers might shorten operative time. Esophageal surgeons should be aware of the advantages and become skilled with these techniques.     

Recurrence of colorectal cancer after sutured and stapled large bowel anastomoses.

The purpose of this study was to compare surgical stapling and manual suturing techniques with respect to the incidence of tumour recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer: 294 patients undergoing potentially curative resections for colorectal cancer were randomly allocated to receive sutured (n = 142) or stapled (n = 152) anastomoses. The mean (s.e.m.) incidence of tumour recurrence at the end of 24 months was 29.4(4.4) per cent in the sutured group, compared with 19.1(3.9) per cent in the stapled group (P less than 0.05). The corresponding rates for cancer-specific mortality at 24 months were 22.3(4.1) per cent and 10.9(3.0) per cent respectively (P less than 0.01). A multiple regression analysis revealed that the influence of anastomotic technique on recurrence and mortality rate was independent of tumour stage. These results suggest that in colorectal cancer surgery the use of stapling instruments for anastomotic construction could be associated with a reduction in the incidence of recurrence and mortality rate by as much as 50 per cent.     

Prospective, randomized trial of the biofragmentable anastomosis ring. The BAR Investigational Group

A randomized trial was undertaken to compare the biofragmental anastomotic ring (BAR) with conventional intraperitoneal colorectal anastomotic techniques. Patients were randomized into one of two schemes: BAR versus sutured or BAR versus stapled anastomosis. There were 782 patients entered into the study and 283 patients (36%) had a sutured anastomosis, 104 patients (13%) had a stapled anastomosis, and 395 (51%) had the BAR. Comparison of the BAR with combined suture and stapled controls revealed no significant differences in wound complication, abscess rate, bleeding, anastomotic leaks, ileus, obstruction, or deaths. There were no differences in return of bowel function, return to normal diet, or hospital stay. Intraoperative difficulties occurred in 46 BAR patients (17%), and this was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than for sutured (3%) but not for stapled anastomoses (11%). The occurrence of these problems did not adversely effect the outcome. The data suggest that the BAR is a safe, satisfactory alternative to sutured or stapled colorectal anastomoses.