Distribution and Risk Assessment of Metals in Sediments from Taihu Lake, China Using Multivariate Statistics and Multiple Tools

Metals in the surface sediment and zoobenthos throughout Taihu Lake were investigated to explore their distribution, source and potential ecological risks. The result showed that the average metal concentration followed the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cd, with the highest value of 27.9 g/kg (Fe) and lowest value 0.54 mg/kg (Cd). Anthropogenic inputs were the major sources of metals, followed by geochemical processes, and organic matter is also a control for metals. Spatially, high metal concentrations were distributed in the northern lake and low concentrations in Gonghu Bay and the eastern part of the lake. Risk assessment showed that Pb had the highest ecological risk (E_r = 10.32), followed by Cu and Ni (E_r = 8.77−8.81), while Zn had the lowest risk (E_r = 1.59). Analysis indicated that Corbicula sp. was more suitable for biomonitoring than Bellamya sp.     

Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments in Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River,China

The heavy metal pollution and their fractionations in the surface sediments of Yellow River in Lanzhou Reach was monitored for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The mean sediment concentrations (in μg/g dry weight) ranged from 13.68–48.11 (As), 26.39–77.66 (Pb), 89.80–201.88 (Zn), 41.49–128.30 (Cr), 29.72–102.22 (Cu), and 773.23–1459.69 (Mn). Spatial distribution showed that each heavy metal concentration remained almost constant in this reach. Correlation coefficients indicated that metals were not strongly associated with sediment sand content or organic carbon content (f_oc). Labile fractions (exchangeable + carbonate + Fe–Mn oxide) had no significant correlations with sand content or f_oc, either. Results from the present study are useful for understanding heavy metal distributions in a torrential river sediment environment.     

Primary Health Risk Analysis of Metals in Surface Water of Taihu Lake,China

The status and health risks of eight metals, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni and Mn, in surface water from Taihu Lake (Jiangsu Province, China) were evaluated. The results showed that the maximum hazard quotients (HQ) value through ingestion pathway and dermal adsorption pathway was 2.74E−01 (Ni) and 2.57E−02 (Cd), respectively. However, the individual hazard quotient and total hazard index of eight metals through ingestion and dermal adsorption pathway was all lower than 1, indicating that the pollution situation in the surface water of Taihu Lake concerning these metals has no or low adverse health effects.     

Heavy Metal Contamination and Its Environmental Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments from Lake Dongting, People's Republic of China

No abstract available.     

Historical Characteristics of Contamination and Risk of Heavy Metals in Weishan Lake,China

Combined with the dating analysis of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs, the historical concentration and risk of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the core sediment of Weishan Lake were determined. Pollution concentrations, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, and ecological risk index of these metals and C/N ratio indicate that the natural inputs prevailed till early 1900s. From late 1970s onwards, the risk posed by these metals was significantly increased. Cu and Hg might cause adverse biological effects. The increase of soil erosion and wastewater discharge in the watershed promoted input and accumulation of these metals in the lake. The coal and petroleum industry in the catchment led the more accumulation of Hg, Cd and Cu in the lake.     

Heavy Metals in Water and Surface Sediments in Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya

No abstract available.     

淮河安徽段沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

目的 了解淮河安徽段沉积物中重金属污染现状,为淮河流域水环境质量的综合评价及污染治理等提供科学依据.方法 于2007年3月,在淮河安徽段上设置6个采样断面(分别是王家坝、田家庵、蚌埠闸、吴家渡、临淮关和小柳巷),在每个采样断面设置3～5个采样点,采集每个断面各采样点表层(0～20 cm)的沉积物样品,测定样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As、Hg元素的质量浓度,并采用单因子指数法、综合污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法进行评价.结果 沉积物中重金属污染物除Zn、Cu为中等程度污染外,其余均为低程度污染,污染程度顺序为Zn＞Cu＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cr＞Hg;重金属的潜在生态风险评价显示,除田家庵断面的Hg和吴家渡断面的Hg、Cd属于中等生态危害程度外,其他各点重金属的潜在生态危害都很轻微,潜在生态危害顺序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn.结论 淮河安徽段沿岸人类的活动尚未对沉积物中重金属构成造成影响,河流沉积物中重金属污染不显著,处于轻微污染水平.     

Heavy metals in wetland plants and soil of Lake Taihu, China

Properties of vertical distribution of soil near water bodies are vary considerably from those of land and may greatly affect the transportation of heavy metals in wetlands. Vertical distributions of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the soil of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone (ATE) of Lake Taihu, China, and in wetland plant tissues were studied. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals decreased with increasing depth in the top 40-cm cores and then increased slightly with increasing depth. This investigation indicated that concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn exceeded the geochemical background values in the Taihu Lake area. Concentrations of Cd at all depth soil columns exceeded the Environment Quality Standard for Soils of China. Correlation analysis showed that concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb correlated significantly with one another, suggesting that they had the same origin. The concentration of Cu was negatively correlated with root biomass, which may explain the lower concentration of copper in the soil cores. The dominant plants of the wetland were Phragmites australis and Ludwigia prostrata, and heavy metal accumulated primarily in the root tissue. The general order was root > rhizome > stem > leaf, whereas in L. prostrata, leaf was the main tissue for Cr accumulation. Both P. australis and L. prostrata had the highest concentration factor (CF) to Cu, and CF was 20.3 and 15.8, respectively. Aquatic-terrestrial ecotone plants are more effective in controlling Cu pollution than other heavy metals. This will be very significant for ATE reestablishment near Cu-polluted sites.     

Metals in Surface Sediments of Large Shallow Eutrophic Lake Chaohu,China

Metal contents of surface sediments were analyzed temporally and spatially in Lake Chaohu, China. No obvious temporal variations were observed, which probably due to physio- and bio- mixing, e.g. wind and microbes, in this lake. Enrichment factor of some metals were generally greater than 1.0, suggesting significant anthropogenic impact on metal levels. Significantly positive correlations between concentrations of nutrient and metals indicated that the nutrients transported to this lake contributed, to some extent, to the enrichment of metals. The correlation between trace metals concentrations indicated the co-contamination of anthropogenically derived metal enrichment in surface sediment of Lake Chaohu.     

大米重金属污染的健康风险评价

目的：评价某地区大米中重金属对人体健康产生的潜在危害。方法根据是否存在明确污染源,2012年在某市辖区范围内抽取A县、B县和C县产大米34份,对大米中的总砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）和铅（Pb）5种重金属进行检测,按照美国国家环境保护署（USEPA）推荐方法,建立大米中重金属污染健康风险评价模型,对重金属通过饮食途径引起的健康风险作出评价。结果34份大米总超标率为52.94％,其中As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb污染平均值为0.183、0.115、0.049、0.014和0.247 mg/kg。5种重金属对人体健康危害的年总风险分别为：A污染区7.01×215;10-4 a-1,B污染区5.19×215;10-4 a-1,C污染区6.20×215;10-4 a-1,合计6.12×215;10-4 a-1。结论3地区大米中重金属污染物对人体健康潜在危害的个人年总风险均大于USEPA推荐最大可接受水平（1×215;10-4 a-1）。     

Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Lake Kenon (The Trans-Baikal Territory,Russia)

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Concentrations of heavy metals in bottom sediments of Lake Kenon in descending order are distributed as follows:...     

湘江衡阳段沉积物重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

目的 了解湘江衡阳段沉积物重金属污染特征及其生态风险.方法于2007年调查湘江衡阳段10个断面18个采样点的表层沉积物重金属(Cd、Hg、Pb、AB、Cr、Zn、Cu)污染特征.运用Hanksnson潜在生态危害指数法评价表层沉积物重金属的富集程度和潜在生态风险.结果 该区段河流沉积物重金属Cd潜在生态危害系数(Etr)均值为352.1,为极强生态危害程度;Hg次之,Etr均值为272.1,属于很强生态危害;Pb和As的Etr均值分别为150.1和104.7,为强生态危害程度;Cr、Zn、Cu的Etr均值小于40,为轻度生态危害.多种重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)为913.4.结论 本次调查的湘江衡阳段沉积物存在一定程度的重金属污染,且具有较为明显的复合型污染特点.具有很强的潜在生态危害.     

淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征

为客观描述淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征,并为进一步开展环境健康风险评价和环境综合治理提供科学依据。通过搜集1980—2009年有关淮河流域重金属的研究结果,整合分析淮河干流上50个采样断面沉积物中铬、锰、铜、锌、镉、铅、汞和砷等8种重金属的污染范围、程度及分布情况,并与其他流域沉积物的污染水平进行比较。结果显示铬在淮河干流沉积物中的平均含量为63.7 mg/kg(47.2～123.6 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中铬平均值的1.10倍,高于黄河、松花江、珠江口、海河干流和辽河流域沉积物中的水平。锰的平均含量为719 mg/kg(439～1 124 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物平均值的1.05倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和海河流域。铜的平均含量为29.9 mg/kg(6.0～65.6 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中铜含量平均值的1.42倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和辽河流域。锌的平均含量为79.2 mg/kg(39.2～230.1 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中锌含量平均值的1.16倍,高于长江和黄河流域。镉的平均含量为0.29 mg/kg(0.10～0.96 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中镉含量平均值的2.07倍,高于长江和辽河流域。铅的平均含量为29.5 mg/kg(17.3～72.8 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中平均值的1.18倍,高于长江、黄河、松花江和辽河流域。汞的平均含量为0.08 mg/kg(0.03～0.36 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中汞含量平均值的2.00倍,高于淮河、长江、黄河和辽河流域。砷的平均含量为12.6 mg/kg(9.0～21.8 mg/kg),是我国水系沉积物中砷含量平均值的1.38倍,高于长江、松花江、珠江口和辽河流域。淮河干流沉积物中8种重金属含量大于我国水系沉积物中重金属平均值的断面百分比从高到低排序为砷镉锌汞铜锰铬铅,分别为90.5%,88.1%,68.0%,66.7%,65.8%,57.6%,55.3%和50.0%。综述显示,与我国其他流域相比,淮河干流沉积物中重金属含量总体处于较高水平,其中铬和锰在我国7大流域中污染相对最严重,铬含量仅次于长江沉积物黄土中的含量,锰含量仅次于淮河流域沉积物中的含量。     

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments in Bohai Bay, North China

Characteristics of the spatial and temporal distributions of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg) in Bohai Bay, north China was examined. Surface sediment samples from 15 sites were collected and analyzed for the selected metals with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) from the year of 1997–2007. Mean concentrations of metals in the 11-year period showed that Hg and Zn concentrations slightly fluctuated, while Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments varied with time. High levels of heavy metals occurred not only along the shoreline but also at some site in the inner part of the bay, suggesting the contamination sources of heavy metals from both terrestrial inputs and the atmospheric deposition. Compared with the environmental background values of selected heavy metals it indicated that anthropogenic activities influenced the sediment quality. The contamination factor \textCⁱ_f {\text{C}}^{i}_{f} , which is used to evaluate the pollution of the environment, showed that the contamination by selected heavy metals was moderate. Cd, Zn and Pb were the main polluting elements in this area.     

深圳市饮用水源水中重金属污染物健康风险评价

目的 初步评价深圳市生活饮用水源水中重金属污染物对人体健康产生的潜在危害.方法 于2007年1月-2009年12月,于每个季度对深圳市9个市政水厂水源水水样中砷(As)、铬(六价)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)和硒(Se)6种重金属进行检测.按照美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的方案建立水环境污染健康风险评...