妇科住院患者医院感染病原菌特点及耐药性

目的:探讨妇科住院患者医院感染病原菌特点及耐药性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:对我院2009年1月～2011年12月妇科住院患者1215例,对送检标本采用自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定和药敏分析,观察病原菌分布特点及耐药性。结果:医院感染113例,共培养分离出189株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌(G-菌)108株,占57.14%,主要为大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌;革兰阳性菌(G+菌)61株,占32.28%,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌,真菌20株,占10.58%,主要为白色假丝酵母菌13株,热带假丝酵母菌7株。革兰阴性杆菌对环丙沙星、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、阿奇霉素敏感率较高,对左氧氟沙星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦中度敏感,其他药物呈不同态势耐药。革兰阳性杆菌对左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、万古霉素敏感率较高,其他药物呈不同态势耐药。结论:根据妇科住院患者病原菌分布特点和耐药性合理使用抗生素,能有效控制医院感染率。     

通过设计发夹RNA抑制HIV病毒NEF基因表达的实验研究

目的 实验研究shRNA能否抑制宿主细胞Hele细胞中NEF基因的表达.方法 给HIV病毒宿主细胞Hele细胞加入预先设计好的4对shRNA,同时设置对照组,提取细胞总RNA和细胞总蛋白,设计NEF和GAPDH的引物,利用SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR检测NEF的基因水平,利用western blotting检测NEF的蛋白水平.结果 定量PCR和Western-blot方法检测显示,NEF-miRNA-1、NEF-miRNA-2、NEF-miRNA-3、NEF-miRNA-4干扰质粒对靶基因mRNA表达都有抑制作用,其中NEF-miRNA-3干扰质粒抑制作用最显,抑制率达87％.结论 可以通过设计shRNA去抑制HIV病毒的复制.     

医学院学生14例癔症分析

目的为了解高校大学生癔症发病情况,以利于做好癔症发作的预防。方法对徐州医学院14例癔症病人发作诱因、临床表现及诊治情况进行回顾性分析。结果具备＂癔症性格特征＂的女大学生易受精神刺激出现心理障碍而发病,且临床症状与体征不符,有复发倾向,暗示治疗有效。结论癔症的起病与精神因素和暗示密切相关,在治疗中暗示疗法同样起着重要作用。应加强女大学生心理健康教育,积极预防癔症发作。     

SARS CoV抗原决定簇的预测和制备

目的获得严重急性呼吸道综合征（SARS）冠状病毒（CoV）中和性抗原蛋白.方法使用Blast工具将SARSS蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他蛋白进行比对分析.冠状病毒鼠肝炎病毒的刺突蛋白在S2段存在中和性抗体表位.通过对鼠肝炎病毒和SARS CoVS2的氨基酸序列分析,SARS CoV的S2段类似于鼠肝炎病毒的S2段.使用DNASTAR软件对2段的相似性进行分析.选取SARS CoVS2蛋白基因在大肠埃希菌中进行表达.表达产物进行免疫印迹分析.结果在SARS刺突蛋白C端发现了与其他冠状病毒S2蛋白具有较高的同源性的片段.在SARS病毒刺突蛋白的S2段可能存在中和性表位.将该肽段在大肠埃希菌中获得表达.表达的蛋白片段可以和来自SARS恢复期的人抗SARS-CoV免疫球蛋白特异性结合.结论表达的蛋白片段有可能成为预防SARS的候选疫苗.     

阿特拉津对小鼠淋巴细胞钙离子浓度和钙调蛋白表达的影响

目的研究阿特拉津对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)及钙调蛋白(CaM)表达水平的影响。方法选用BALB/c小鼠分别以100、200和400mg/kg剂量的阿特拉津灌胃染毒,3周后处死,采用原子吸收光谱法测定血清中[Ca2+]i;脾淋巴细胞与荧光探针Fura-2/AM孵育后,用荧光分光光度法检测细胞内[Ca2+]i,蛋白印迹法观察细胞内CaM表达水平。结果各剂量组血清中[Ca2+]i无显著变化;中、高剂量组淋巴细胞内游离钙离子浓度显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.01);中、高剂量组细胞内CaM的表达均显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.01)。结论阿特拉津可致小鼠淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度升高,抑制其CaM的表达。     

Evaluation of health risks of residents of Novokuibyshevsk

The globally accepted procedure for assessing the human health and the special software "MedEcoRISK" programme (Saint Petersburg) were used in Novokuibyshevsk (Samara Region), the center of petroleum-refining and petrochemical industry. The surveys did not yield contradictory results and they were complementary in providing evidence for that the population's health status has become much worse due to high ambient air pollution. The findings were used for basic information in the system of measures to reduce health risks.     

Assessment of nutrition of seamen and fishermen

The work was aimed at determining the food intake for seamen of the Polish Marine and fishermen. The research was carried out on the 55 sea-going vessels and 36 deep-sea fishing ships. The average food intake was determined and the daily calorie intake calculated. The quality assessment of the 112 week menus was made. The excessive consumption of eggs, meats and sausages, butter and sour milk, and processed vegetables and potatoes was determined. The recommended calorie intake in the diet was highly surpassed. The portion of energy derived from fats was higher, and that from carbohydrates lower than recommended. The menus were negatively evaluated, with no menu reported as very good or good, mainly because of insufficient amount of fresh vegetables and fruits, monotony in choice of products and an excessive use of frying and baking to prepare the meats. The present research showed that the food intake was incorrect in both amount and quality of foods, and a nutritional value of the diet. The calorie intake was substantially surpassing the recommended value that was originated mainly from very high intake of the fats. The diet contained higher, than recommended, amount of food rich in cholesterol and saturated fats. The intake of food, rich in complex carbohydrates and calcium, was insufficient, and acidifying products were predominant in the diet. The present food intake can result in overweight and obesity, coronary and heart diseases, liver and stomach diseases. The change in food intake by and increase in amount of cereals, milk and dairy products, and vegetable fats, and decrease in amount of meats and sausages, butter and sour cream, and eggs is recommended. The daily calorie intake should be lowered.     

外伤性脾破裂120例诊治体会

目的:总结外伤性脾破裂的治疗经验。方法:对本院外伤性脾破裂120例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:保守治疗10例,各种手术治疗110例,均获得成功。结论:遵循"抢救生命第一,保留脾脏第二"的原则,选择合适的治疗方法,外伤性脾破裂患者是能够达到临床治愈的。     

东直门医院口腔科供气系统工程改造

目的:因口腔科泵房严重影响新建门诊手术室工作,需要移机改造。方法:更换新泵房,新建口腔科集中供气系统。结果:新系统气压稳定,供气量达到1000L/min。结论:通过改造,既不影响手术室工作,又保证口腔科供气稳定。     

Evaluation of psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist to assess quality of life of cancer patients

BACKGROUND: In this work the validation of the Spanish version of the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) to assess quality of life in cancer patients has been approached. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and its equivalence with the original English questionnaire. METHODS: The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 162 terminal cancer patients and 59 cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. The internal structure, was evaluated through a confirmatory factor analysis in TCP, the discriminatory power according to clinical situation of cancer patients, the internal consistency in both samples and the responsiveness to the changes over time after chemotherapy treatment was evaluated in PQT. RESULTS: The internal structure of scales was similar in TCP to the original version. The cancer patients showed worse scores than the PQT. The reliability was > or = 0.70 for the scales and > or = 0.50 for the subscales except chemotherapy subscale. The scores of the scales were different (p < 0.05) before and after treatment, except for the psychological scale. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the usefulness of the spanish version of the RSCL as a subjective measure of well-being in cancer patients.     

酸牛奶保留灌肠治疗肝性脑病40例的效果观察

目的：观察与总结酸牛奶保留灌肠治疗肝性脑病的临床治疗效果。方法：将79例肝性脑病患者随机分为对照组39例和治疗组40例,对照组给予常规静脉输入保肝药、降低血氨药对症治疗;治疗组在对照组的基础上,给予酸牛奶保留灌肠治疗,观察两组的临床疗效。结果：对照组有效率为53.85%,治疗组有效率为90.00%,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：酸牛奶保留灌肠疗效满意,且安全性高,能促进肝性脑病的好转。     

中国农村社会转型对健康保障模式选择的影响

农村经济体制变革的新形势促使农村居民对其健康保障提出了迫切的需求，农村健康保障亟待走出困境，进行制度创新。本研究应用定量与定性相结合的研究方法，利用山西省闻喜县作为一个深入研究的案例，通过对山西省闻喜社会转型状况进行细致的剖析，分析社会转型健康保障之间的内在联系，提出不同社会转型状况农村地区健康保障模式的选择应考虑的重要前提。     

攀枝花市碘缺乏病相关知识调查

目的评估当地碘缺乏病健康教育工作效果,为适时采取针对性防治措施和调整干预策略提供依据。方法使用统一答卷,分别对5个县(区)随机抽取五年级学生和学校周边的家庭主妇进行调查。结果 5年级学生及格率88.87%,平均分4.05分;家庭主妇及格率87.80%,平均分4.08分。学生和家庭主妇的及格率和平均分在不同地区有统计学差异(P0.01)。文化程度、不同职业对家庭主妇的及格率、平均分显示了统计学差异(P0.01)。比较学生和家庭主妇2项碘缺乏病健康知识知晓情况有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论有针对性地开展碘缺乏病健康教育工作,有助于提高一级目标人群健康教育效果。     

北京市通州区手足口病病原监测结果分析

目的 监测北京市通州区手足口病病原的情况.方法 2008～2010年采集患儿、健康儿童和患儿家长的咽拭子、肛拭子等标本,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,进行肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A16型(CoxA16)和其他肠道病毒的核酸检测.结果 调查了262例患儿、29名健康儿童和9名患儿家长.患儿中EV71阳性率为25.4％,CoxA16为8.3％,其他肠道病毒为14.9％,各年病毒型别分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).48例重症患儿中EV71阳性率为18.8％,其他肠道病毒为12.5％,未检出CoxA16.8名健康儿童其他肠道病毒阳性率为12.8％.患儿家长未检出病毒.结论 患儿病毒检出率由高到低分别是EV71、其他肠道病毒和CoxA16.重症患儿中以EV71、其他肠道病毒为主.健康儿童也会携带其他肠道病毒.     

护士主要权利实现状况的调查与分析

目的 通过对山东省潍坊市部分医院护士进行抽样调查,对〈中华人民共和国护士管理条例〉（以下统称〈护士条例〉）规定的护士主要权利进行分析,反映护士权利现状方法 文章采用整群抽样的方法抽取样本,结合权威统计数据,采用描述性分析和卡方检验的方法对数据进行统计分析结果 潍坊市护士工资待遇普遍不高,同一职称不同劳动合同护士的工资水平存在差异;护士享有社会保险能够达到潍坊市社会保险平均水平,但是不同劳动合同护士享有的保险水平存在差异;护士的培训机会和晋升机会都不是很高,不同劳动合同护士在培训机会上不存在差异,都比较少,但晋升机会存在差异;护士受尊重程度普遍较低,存在歧视现象,不同劳动合同护士在医院重视程度和受到病人及家属的不尊重方面存在差异,P＜0.05.护士权利没有得到很好的贯彻落实结论 从纠正医疗机构歧视性用工政策,卫生行政部门加强监管职责,增强法律意识,培养护士维权能力,进一步完善护士法4方面提出建议,确保护士权利的实现.     

Comparison of results of treatment of fistula-in-ano.

The results of treatment of 137 consecutive patients with fistula-in-ano are presented. Sixty-eight were treated by the 'lay-open' technique and 69 by the Parks technique, the two groups being comparable. The results slightly favour the Parks technique.     

木瓜凝乳蛋白酶多克隆抗体制备方法的研究

目的　探讨了木瓜凝乳蛋白酶高效价抗体的制备方法。方法　将纯化的木瓜凝乳蛋白酶 (电泳纯 )以三种不同抗原形式———未处理原酶、H2 O2 抑活的木瓜凝乳蛋白酶、碘乙酸抑活的木瓜凝乳蛋白酶分别免疫雄性白兔 ,免疫方法采用多次皮下注射和静脉冲击免疫相结合方式进行。从第三次免疫开始 ,每次免疫后均由耳静脉采血 ,用Westernblotting法和ELISA法检测抗血清 ,用SAS软件包对数据进行分析比较。结果　两种抑活抗原诱导产生的抗血清效价显著高于未抑活抗原 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而两种抑活抗原之间无显著性差异 ;静脉冲击免疫可显著提高机体免疫应答能力 ,急剧提升抗血清效价。结论　抑活抗原比未处理原酶具有更好的免疫原性。与碘乙酸相比 ,选用H2 O2 抑活抗原来制备抗体不失为一种经济有效的方法。抑活抗原采用皮下注射及静脉冲击免疫相结合的方式 ,可十分有效的产生及提高抗血清效价 ,缩短抗体制备周期     

Pro-health nutritional behaviors of selected group of students of the Medical University of Warsaw

The aim of the study was the analysis of pro-health nutritional behaviors among 100 female students Medical University of Warsaw tested by the questionnaire method. The results of the study show that nutritional behaviors of students who learned human nutrition were significantly better in accordance with dietary guidelines. The most frequent consumed group of products were fruits and dairy products. Consumption of vegetables, number and regularity of meals had been better among dietetics students then among midwifery and nursing students.     

荞麦不同组成部分中金属元素含量及分析

目的：测定荞麦不同组成部分茎、叶、花中金属元素（铜、铁、锌、钙、锶、硒、锰、铅、砷、汞、镉）的含量。方法：原子吸收分光光度法及原子荧光分光光度法。结果：荞麦茎中铜、铁、锌、锶、硒、锰、砷、镉均高于叶和花;荞麦叶中钙、铅、汞明显高于茎和花。结论：荞麦茎、叶、花中铅含量较高均超过国家标准;砷、镉、汞无超标现象。     

Experimental study of the relationship of the level of blood hemolysis and the design of artificial heart valves

The paper deals with experimental studies into the level of hemolysis that accompanies the performance of artificial cardiac valves (ACV). The studies were conducted by two ways. The first study determined the level of hemolysis when artificial cardiac valves worked and donor blood performed. The second one was that a polymer was added to the model physiological fluid, the degree of hemolysis was determined by the changes occurring in the time of relaxation of elastic stress in the model fluid samples taken during tests. The experiments showed polyethylene oxide break-down to be the most accurately modelling process of hemolysis.