脾切除对几种血液病的治疗作用(附56例分析)

目的 总结对血液病病人行脾切除的治疗效果、适应证和手术并发症。方法 回顾性分析１９８１～１９９８年间５６例血液病病人脾切除术的资料,根据治疗效果,总结出适应证及并发症的预防。结果 根据血液学参数结果,脾切除对原发性血小板减少性紫癜、遗传性球形红细胞增多症、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、原发性血小板减少性紫癜合并自身免疫性溶血性贫血（Ｅｖａｎｓ病）有确切的治疗效果,有效率分别为８７．５％,８０％,７７．８％     

脾切除治疗血液病64例分析

目的探讨脾切除对血液病的治疗效果、适应证以及术后并发症。方法回顾分析1996年1至2008年1月哈尔滨医科大学附属第一临床医学院外科治疗64例血液病病人的临床资料,探讨脾切除对血液病的治疗效果、术后并发症及预防措施。结果脾切除对原发性血小板减少性紫癜、遗传性球形红细胞增多症、自身性免疫性溶血性贫血、真性红细胞增多症的治疗效果确切,有效率分别为84%、100%、60%和50%;对非霍奇金病、骨髓纤维化、慢性粒细胞白血病治疗效果欠佳。结论脾切除对内科治疗无效的良性血液病行之有效,对恶性血液系统疾病需慎重选择。     

脾切除治疗68例良性血液病的效果观察

目的探讨脾切除对内科治疗无效的几种良性血液病的治疗效果。方法对68例良性血液病脾切除术病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果无围手术期死亡病例,术中均无大出血,根据血液学参数结果,脾切除对遗传性球形红细胞增多症、原发性血小板减少性紫癜、β型地中海贫血、α型地中篎堆⒆陨砻庖咝匀苎云堆腥非械闹瘟菩Ч?有效率分别为100%、91.3%、90.0%、72.7%及66.7%。结论脾切除术对上述良性血液病行之有效。     

腹腔镜脾切除术39例临床分析

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下脾切除术的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾分析由我院同一治疗小组在2006年3月至2013年3月期间完成的39例腹腔镜脾切除术患者的临床资料。病种包括特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）21例,脾血管瘤5例,脾囊肿4例,乙肝肝硬化脾功能亢进（脾亢）4例,自身免疫性溶血性贫血2例,酒精性肝硬化脾亢、遗传性球形红细胞增多症、脾淋巴瘤各1例。结果 39例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术,无中转手助腹腔镜或开腹手术。脾长径（14.2±5.0）cm,手术时间（100.3±50.3）min,术中出血量5～1 500 mL（平均118.8 mL）。均留置脾窝引流管,术后24 h引流量10～1 000 mL（平均164.7 mL）,拔管时间（3.64±2.12）d,术后住院时间（6.26±2.17）d。1例术后出现腹腔内出血,急诊行腹腔镜探查止血,术后康复。无脾切除术后凶险性感染、膈下感染、切口感染、肺部感染、血栓/栓塞等并发症,无手术死亡。结论 腹腔镜脾切除术能安全有效地用于治疗多种需行脾脏切除的疾病,而且腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术相比,具有一次手术行多部位病变切除而不需增加手术切口长度的显著优势,值得推广。     

腹腔镜与开腹脾切除术治疗血小板计数偏低的特发性血小板减少性紫癜的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹脾切除术治疗血小板计数偏低的特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年10月至2014年10月手术治疗的80例血小板计数偏低的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者,根据手术方式分为对照组与观察组,每组40例,对照组行开腹脾切除术,观察组行腹腔镜脾切除术,比较两组手术情况、术后疗效及术后并发症。结果:观察组手术时间长于对照组,但术中出血量、术后2 d引流量、术后排气时间、住院时间、术后总有效率、术后并发症总发生率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后炎症细胞因子水平均较术前降低(P0.05)。结论:治疗血小板计数偏低的特发性血小板减少性紫癜,腹腔镜脾切除术手术时间较长,但术中出血量少,术后康复快,术后并发症少,疗效可靠,手术安全性、可行性更高。     

腹腔镜脾切除术63例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术的安全性及疗效。方法回顾分析2008年5月至2012年10月期间笔者所在医院完成的63例腹腔镜脾切除术患者的资料。其中特发性血小板减少性紫癜8例,自身免疫性溶血性贫血1例,脾囊实性占位性病变6例,肝硬变伴门静脉高压、脾功能亢进48例。结果63例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术,无中转开腹,手术时间80～250min,平均136．5min;术中出血100-2100mL,平均220mL;住院时间6-14d,平均7．4d。术后无手术死亡。结论腹腔镜脾切除术安全、有效、可行,手术成功的关键是防止术中大出血。     

血流病患儿医院感染因素分析

感染是血液病患儿最常见的并发症,也是威胁患儿生命的因素之一。为了加强血液病患儿的护理,减少医院感染的发生,对584例血液病患儿医院感染因素进行分析,并提出相应的护理措施。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料1990年1月至1998年12月我院收治血液病患儿584例。男393例、女191例,年龄1个月至13岁,平均6.3岁。按血液病性质分:恶性血液病244例,其中白血病166例,再生障碍性贫血58例,恶性组织细胞病10例,恶性淋巴瘤7例,骨髓异常增生综合症3例。非恶性血液病340例,其中特发性血小板减少性紫癜211例,营养性贫血42例,溶血性贫血26例,血友病20例,雅克森氏…     

腹腔镜脾切除治疗极重度免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗极重度免疫性血小板减少性紫癜的临床效果。方法:选取2010年1月至2015年7月行腹腔镜脾脏切除术的258例免疫性血小板减少性紫癜患者,128例血小板低于10×10~9/L,130例血小板高于10×10~9/L,对比分析两组患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的疗效。结果:258例手术均获成功,两组患者术前临床资料差异无统计学意义,术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间、术后腹腔引流时间、术后并发症总发生率、术后总有效率差异亦无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜脾脏切除术治疗血小板低于10×10~9/L的极重度免疫性血小板减少性紫癜患者是安全、可行的,术前、术中不输注血小板并不增加手术风险,术后并发症并未增加,术后总有效率亦不受影响。     

血液病行选择性脾切除术后早期病程:骨髓增生症患者併发症率最高

血液病患者多数为治疗目的行脾切除,但有时手术也为诊断目的。脾切除术对自家免疫性疾病的效果已经明确,而对其他血液病如恶性淋巴增生或骨髓增生、脾切除术的效果就难以肯定,因为这些患者一般情况常很恶劣、易患感染、容易出血。脾切除术后可能取得的临床效益必须与术后并发症及死亡率的危险性仔细权衡。因此本文分析术后早期佛发症的发生率及类型,并找出可能影响并发症与死亡率的病人特征的关系。     

腹腔镜脾切除术55例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜脾切除术在各类脾脏疾病中的安全性及疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年5月至2009年12月完成的55例腹腔镜脾切除术资料.其中特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)11例,自身免疫性溶血性贫血6例,球形红细胞增生症1例,脾淋巴瘤1例,脾囊肿10例,脾血管瘤5例,脾脉管瘤2例,肝硬化门脉高压脾功能亢进(脾亢)患者9例,肝硬化脾亢患者9例,不明原因脾肿大脾亢1例.结果 55例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术,无中转手助或中转开腹,平均手术时间(119.7±33.0)min.术中出血量平均(83.8±65.2)ml.术后平均住院时间(5.7±1.1)d.术后腹水1例,腹腔引流液淀粉酶升高7例,无手术死亡.结论 腹腔镜脾切除术能安全有效地适用于多种脾脏疾病的手术治疗.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy in the management of benign and malignant hematologic diseases.

OBJECTIVES: The use of laparoscopy to treat malignant hematological diseases is not completely accepted. Our aim was to analyze operative and postoperative results of laparoscopic splenectomy performed for benign versus malignant hematological disorders. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2003, 76 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. The first 38 cases were performed by using an anterior approach, whereas in the remaining 38 cases a semilateral position was used. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics showed that patients with malignant diseases were significantly older (56.9 vs 32.6 years, P < 0.001). Seventy-two (94.7%) procedures were completed laparoscopically. Conversion was required in 4 cases (5.2%). Mean operative time was 138.5 minutes for benign and 151.0 minutes for malignant diseases, (P > 0.05, ns). The hand-assisted technique was used in 3 patients with massive splenomegaly. Pathologic features showed that spleen volume was higher in patients with malignant diseases (mean interpole diameter 18.1 cm vs 13.7 cm, P < 0.001). Massive splenomegaly (interpole diameter over 20 cm, weight over 1000 g) was present in 13 patients (17.1%); 9 had malignant diseases. Overall perioperative mortality was 1.3% and major postoperative complications occurred in 6 patients (7.8%). Postoperative splenoportal partial thrombosis was identified in 9.7% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy is a well-accepted, less-invasive procedure for hematological disorders. Neoplastic diseases or splenomegaly, or both, do not seem to limit the indications for a minimally invasive approach after the learning curve.     

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in elective splenectomy. A randomized prospective study

After elective splenectomy septic complications in the early postoperative period occur up to 45%. In a prospective, randomised, controlled study of 61 patients the incidence of postoperative infections with and without prophylactic use of an antibiotic was compared. 61 patients undergoing elective splenectomy were divided into two groups. 28 patients were operated without any antibiotic, 33 patients were given 3 X 1500 mg Cefuroxim (Zinazef) for three days, starting 1 h prior to the operation. Infections of the urinary tract and the lung were excluded preoperatively. With a standardized program we searched for intraabdominal abscesses, infections of the lung, the urinary system and the abdominal incision postoperatively. No fatal complication occurred. A significant reduction in total septic complication rate (p less than 0.01) and in pneumonia was found as well in benign as in malignant disease. The study shows, that the apparently disturbed immunological defense following splenectomy can be improved by the prophylactic use of antibiotics.     

Sutureless and stapleless laparoscopic splenectomy using radiofrequency

Background Bleeding is the main complication and cause of conversion during laparoscopic splenectomy (LS). We present the advantages of the LigaSure vessel sealing system added to the lateral approach for achieving safe vascular control. Methods We performed 63 consecutive LS in a 3-year period using LigaSure in two affiliated university hospitals. We employed a right semilateral position technique with dissection of the spleen and vessel sealing using LigaSure. Forty-two patients had benign hematological disease, 19 had malignant disease, and two had splenic cysts. Results A total of 58 LS were completed with five conversions due to hilar bleeding (three cases), difficult dissection (one), and massive splenomegaly (one). In all but five patients, blood loss was less than 100 ml. No transfusions were needed. There were five postoperative complications: portal thrombosis (one case), hemoperitoneum (two), surgical wound infection (one), and pleural effusion (one). Conclusions The use of LigaSure, and the semilateral position, results in a gain of time and safety. Furthermore, average intraoperative bleeding is very low. Paper presented in part at the 13th European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Congress, Venice, Italy, June 2005     

原位肝移植术后近期并发症的防治

目的：探讨原位肝移植术后并发症发生的常见原因、预防及处理措施。方法：回顾性分析我科近3年来所施行的72例原位肝移植病人术后并发症发生的种类及数量，以及诊治处理方法。结果：72例肝移植病人中，原发病为良性疾病50例（其中终末期乙肝肝硬变34例），恶性疾病22例（其中HCC19例）。术后发生并发症54例次，因凝血功能紊乱致术后腹腔内继发性出血4例，术前腹水感染未能控制致术后腹水严重感染2例，激素用量过大致应激性溃疡出血、穿孔1例，胆漏6例，肺部感染21例，肠道霉菌感染5例。全组无原发性肝无功能及血管并发症，随访2-41个月。无远期胆道并发症及慢排发生。住院期死亡6例，随访期死亡6例，目前生存60例，总生存率为80.33％，存活超过1年者32例，最长已3年5个月。结论：我国肝移植病人适应证以终末期乙肝肝硬化为主，这类病人肝功能不良，凝血障碍，围手术期凝血功能的纠正甚为重要，同时这类病人多存在营养不良，免疫功能低下，应重视围手术期感染的控制及营养支持。手术技术的完善是预防肝移植后血管并发症的关键。     

Splenectomy in haematologic diseases. Clinical indications and surgical technique

After the introduction of corticosteroids fifty years ago the indications for splenectomy in benign haematological diseases became more controversial, also due to the morbidity and mortality associated at that time with open splenectomy. The advent of minimally invasive techniques has provided safe procedures for removal of the spleen in cases of benign as well as malignant haematological disease. Laparoscopic splenectomy has been performed for spleens of normal size or larger size or weight. In this study the indications in haematological diseases and the results after splenectomy are analysed. From June 1998 to December 2004 107 patients with benign or malignant haematological disease were referred to our unit for splenectomy. Splenomegaly was defined as a spleen diameter > 15 cm and weight > 400 g and was present in 53% of cases in this series. Open splenectomy was carried out in 30 cases and laparoscopic splenectomy in 77. Operating time, blood loss, conversion rate, need for transfusion, complications, length of hospital stay and operative morbidity were analysed for both open and laparoscopic procedures. In the laparoscopic splenectomy group the outcomes after removal of spleens < 15 cm and > 15 cm were compared. Clinical results after splenectomy in haemolytic anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are reported. In the open splenectomy group the spleens were larger and heavier, hence the operating time was greater than in the laparoscopic splenectomy group. The mean age of patients in the open group was 65 years as against 43 years in the laparoscopic group. Morbidity was 23% in the open group and 10% in the laparoscopic group. Mortality was nil in both groups. The overall conversion rate in the laparoscopic group was 2.6% owing to extensive adhesions and bleeding in 2 large spleens measuring > 27 cm and weighing > 2 kg (conversion rate for larger spleens: 6.2%). Spleens > 15 cm were associated with greater blood loss (p < 0.01), longer operating times and a longer hospital stay. No cases of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection were registered in either group. The healing rate for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after splenectomy was 87%, while for haemolytic anaemia it was 100%. In this study splenomegaly was associated with malignant haematological disease occurring in patients aged 65 on average in whom an open splenectomy was generally carried out. Benign diseases occurred in patients aged 43 on average in whom laparoscopic splenectomy was the preferred procedure. Conversion rate, morbidity and length of hospital stay were comparable with those of other series. Laparoscopic splenectomy can be considered the gold standard procedure for benign disease in young patients and also as a safe procedure in selected cases of malignant haematological disease.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜脾切除术后早期并发症

目的 评估脾切除治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ＩＴＰ）的安全性。方法 回顾分析了１６７例ＩＴＰ选择性脾切除术的术后早期并发症。结果 １４例（８．３８％）病人出现１７例次术后早期并发症;切口感染７例,腹腔大出血２例,颅内出血２例,膈下脓肿１例,肺感染１例,应激性高血糖反应４例。２例（１．２０％）术后并发颅内出血死亡。结论 选择性脾切除术是ＩＴＰ一种安全的治疗手段。     

Splenectomy for the massively enlarged spleen

The experience at the National Cancer Institute from 1955 to 1988 with 46 cases of splenectomy for massive splenomegaly (greater than or equal to 1,500 grams) was reviewed to assess the indications, pathology, operative, and postoperative course for this procedure. The median age was 51 years. Thirty-one splenectomies (67.4%) were performed for malignancy (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 11; chronic myelogenous leukemia, 10; lymphoma, 9; hairy cell leukemia, 1), 11 for myeloid metaplasia, and four for other nonmalignant conditions. Indications for splenectomy included hypersplenism (32 patients), symptoms (6), diagnosis (3), and splenic rupture (3). A midline incision (30 patients) was most commonly used. Median operative time was 2 hours, 50 minutes. Median operative blood loss was 1,300 ml (range, 100 ml-60 units). The splenic artery was ligated initially in 16 patients (34.8%) but did not correlate with blood loss or operating time. The median splenic weight was 2,030 grams (range, 1500-5320 gm). The postoperative complication rate was 39.1 per cent (21 complications in 18 patients). This included infection in 10 patients, bleeding in six patients. Six patients required reoperation (bleeding, 4; abscess, 1; small bowel obstruction, 1 patient). The 30-day operative mortality was 19.6 per cent (9 patients). Excluding operative deaths, 35 patients were available for follow-up evaluation. Twenty-nine patients had improvement in parameters for which splenectomy was indicated. Six patients had no change in their course after splenectomy. These findings indicate that many patients with massive splenomegaly benefit from splenectomy, however, the procedure is associated with a high risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Laparoscopic splenectomy in children: experience in a single institution

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic splenectomy in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital records of 63 patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. In 16 patients concomitant cholecystectomy was performed. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. The indications for splenectomy were hereditary spherocytosis (n = 35), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (n = 22), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and other diseases (n = 3). Details of operative technique were reviewed and their implications on intraoperative complications are analyzed. The postoperative course and long-term results were assessed. RESULTS: There were 35 girls and 28 boys, whose average age was 11.3 years (range, 3.9-19.5 years). There were 7 conversions, mainly at the beginning of the series. A mild degree of intraoperative bleeding was observed in 23 (36.5%) cases. In two cases (3%) severe bleeding led to conversion. Postoperatively, 1 patient required blood transfusion and 1 patient had signs of mild general infection that was treated conservatively. There was no mortality in this series. The mean operation time was 134 minutes for splenectomy and 174 minutes for splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Operative time did not significantly diminish at the end of the 7-year study period. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic splenectomy in children performed by an experienced team proved to be safe and effective with minimal side effects and should be recommended as a procedure of choice in children who require splenectomy.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy: analysis of 60 consecutive cases

The purpose of the study was to analyze the results of 60 patients who were candidates for laparoscopic splenectomy. Over the period from May 1994 to May 2001, 60 patients were candidates for splenectomy. Laparoscopy was contraindicated in 3 cases because of ASA III and marked splenomegaly (2 cases) and previous gastric resection (1 case). The procedure was indicated for benign disease in 38 cases and for malignant disease in the remainder. Fifty-three procedures were completed laparoscopically (92.9%). Conversion proved necessary in 4 patients (6.7%) due to large incisional hernia, perisplenic abscess, bleeding of major splenic vessels at the hilum and marked splenomegaly (2 cases of lymphoma). The mean operative time was 200 min for the malignancies and 110 min for the benign conditions (P < 0.05). Major morbidity occurred in 5 cases (8.7%). No deaths were registered. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.5 days for patients with malignancies and 5.2 days for patients with benign disease (P < 0.05). Laparoscopic splenectomy was safe and effective in patients with benign disease, even in cases of marked splenomegaly. The morbidity rate was significantly higher in lymphoma patients than in patients with benign haematological disorders.