腹部外科常见感染性疾病的病原菌及药敏试验研究

为了了解本地区本医院腹部外科感染性疾病病原菌的构成比和药物敏感率的变化,指导临床用药,我们采用美国BD公司生产的6B和7D两种增菌瓶采集标本和培养细菌,并用该公司生产的生化板和药敏板,对1994～1996年269例常见的普外科感染性疾病患者的手术标本进行前瞻性的细菌培养和药敏试验研究.     

阿法D3防治绝经后骨质疏松症的临床研究

应用阿法Ｄ３防治绝经后骨质疏松症２４例。年龄６０．５３±６．６岁，绝经年龄４８．６±１０．９岁。阿法Ｄ３０．２５μｇＢｉｄ，钙剂（乳酸钙）日５００ｍｇ元素钙，疗程半年。结果：血ＡＬＰ、尿ＨＹＰ／Ｃｒ，尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ，尿Ｃａ／Ｃｒ用药后明显下降。Ｌ２－４ＢＭＤ轻度增高。骨痛改善率５９．３％。以上骨癌症状消失，Ｌ２－４ＢＭＤ改善的总疗效为９０．５％。其中６例手足肌肉痉挛者５例症状消失，１例明显减轻。全组血尿常规，肝肾功能，肾脏Ｂ超于用药后均未见异常。未出现高血钙，不良反应轻微。表明阿法Ｄ３是防治绝经后骨质疏松症安全有效的药物。     

CD44v6表达与大肠癌预后的相关性研究

探讨ＣＤ４４Ｖ６表达与大肠癌预后的关系。方法 对１５６例大肠癌存档石蜡组织标本进行重新切片，采用ＣＤ４４ｖ６鼠单克隆抗体进行免疫组化染色。结果 ＣＤ４４ｖ６表达与年龄，性别，肿瘤大小，部位，组织类型无关，ＣＤ４４ｖ６阳性表达率在Ｄｕｋｓ Ｃ／Ｄ期较Ｄｕｋｅｓ，Ａ，Ｂ期高，有肿瘤转移及术后复发产无肿瘤转移和未复发者高，ＣＤ４４ｖ６表达阳性者术后生存率较表达阴性者低。Ｃｏｘ生存分析，ＣＤ４４ｖ６未能进     

207例正常人骨密度测量结果的分析报告

２０７例正常人骨密度测量结果的分析报告张世斌，郭庆升，李征自１９９４年４～６月我们采用美国Ｌｕｎａｒ公司生产的ＤＰＸ－Ｌ型双能Ｘ线骨密度测量仪对沈阳地区的２０７例健康人进行了全身骨密度（ＢＭＤ）的测量，获得正常值，结果经统计学分析，报告如下：１材料和...     

CD44v6在大肠癌中的表达与转移及预后的关系

为探讨ＣＤ４４ｖ６表达与大肠癌转移及预后的关系，对１０１例大肠癌存档石蜡组织标本进行重新切片，采用ＣＤ４４ｖ６鼠单克隆抗体进行免疫组化染色（ＬＳＡＢ法）。结果发现ＣＤ４４ｖ６表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、部位、组织类型无关；与Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期、淋巴结转移、其它脏器转移和根治术后复发有关；ＣＤ４４ｖ６表达阳性者术后生存率较表达阴性者低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明：ＣＤ４４ｖ６在大肠癌转移和复发中具有一定的作用，可能成为预测大肠癌转移和预后的生物学指标之一。     

骨密度对椎弓根螺钉系统固定的影响之生物力学研究

目的：探讨骨密度（ＢＭＤ）对椎弓根螺钉系统固定的影响。方法：采用６具新鲜腰段脊柱标本，应用ＤＥＸＡ测试每个椎体的ＢＭＤ，并游离成单个完整椎体标本，按ＢＭＤ０．９ｇ／ｃｍ２为正常值的最低限。将标本分为正常组和骨质疏松组。按标准操作安置Ｄｉｃｋ钉，应用生物力学方法，测试螺钉最大轴向拔出力和矢状面摆动１°～５°时的弯矩、旋入螺钉时的最大扭力矩及螺钉拔出过程中的应变、位移和能量吸收率。结果：正常组平均ＢＭＤ为１．０２±０．１２ｇ／ｃｍ２，骨质疏松组为０．７１±０．１６ｇ／ｃｍ２，前者最大轴向拔出力和弯矩分别为１０６２．８±７２．２Ｎ、２．６Ｎ·ｍ，后者为２３２±９２．４Ｎ、０．４９Ｎ·ｍ。ＢＭＤ与最大拔出力有正相关关系（ｒ＝０．９０７）。旋入螺钉时的最大扭力矩与轴向拔出力密切相关（ｒ＝０．８９４）。螺钉在椎体内摆动５°时正常组承受的最大弯矩为２．６Ｎ·ｍ，骨质疏松组为０．４９Ｎ·ｍ。结论：ＢＭＤ对椎弓根螺钉的稳定性具有重要影响，是预测螺钉牢固程度的重要指标，术前应常规测试脊柱的ＢＭＤ，尤其对于老年人更为重要，最大扭力矩是术中预测螺钉稳定性的一个较好的力学指标。     

心脏直视手术后严重低排患者的机械辅助循环

对７例因严重低排无法脱离体外循环（ＣＰＢ）患者应用不同方式机械辅助循环治疗。其中６例顺利脱离ＣＰＢ，５例存活，２例死亡；７例机械辅助循环（ＭＣＡ）时间６～９６小时，平均３７．１小时。１例穿刺侧右下肢有缺血并发症。对术前心功能和术中心肌保护较差的患者应尽早做好ＭＣＡ准备；药物抗低排效果不良时立即行ＩＡＢＰ，效果不明显时ＩＡＢＰ与左心辅助（ＶＡＤ）同时进行。当血流动力学稳定时尽早撤除ＭＣＡ，ＭＣＡ期间ＡＣＴ维持在２００秒左右即可，普通滚压泵亦可用于ＶＡＤ。     

尿动力学检查在处理前列腺增生症中的意义

为评价尿动力学检查（ＵＤＳ）在良性前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）诊治中的意义，对９４例ＢＰＨ病人进行了详细尿动力学检查。发现９４例均有膀胱出口梗阻（ＢＯＯ）；逼尿肌收缩正常或增强９２例，乏力２例；逼尿肌不稳定（ＤＩ）４０例；尿流率（ＵＦＲ）低平８６例，正常８例。手术治疗６０例，术后症状消失５８例，２例出现并发症经再次处理治愈；ＵＦＲ形态恢复正常５８例，２例低平为逼尿肌收缩乏力者。无ＤＩ者症状在术后２～６周消失，ＤＩ较轻和顺应性降低不明显者术后恢复与非ＤＩ者无区别，ＤＩ严重和顺应性严重降低者术后需６～１２周，个别需６～１２个月才能恢复。本研究表明ＵＤＳ能明确ＢＰＨ有无ＢＯＯ、逼尿肌顺应性和收缩功能，以及尿道括约肌功能状态，对术前合理选择病例和提高手术疗效具有重要意义。     

术后切口感染静滴甲硝唑致溶血性黄疸1例

术后切口感染静滴甲硝唑致溶血性黄疸１例胡志军患者男，４５岁。以粘连性肠梗阻入院。经非手术疗法治疗６天肠梗阻未解除，改行手术治疗。术前腹部平片显示：小肠低位梗阻。Ｂ超示：肝、胆、胰、脾无异常。ＲＢＣ４．９×１０１２／Ｌ，ＨＢ１４１ｇ／Ｌ；ＤＢｉＬ－１４...     

活性维生素D治疗原发性骨质疏松的疗效观察

为了评价１αＯＨＤ３对原发性骨质疏松病人治疗的有效性，作者应用１αＯＨＤ３对３２例（男１９例，女１３例）骨质疏松病人进行为期６个月的治疗。作者对病人的临床症状，Ｌ２～４ＢＭＤ和ＢＭＣ及相关生化指标进行检查，并对结果进行统计学分析。临床结果表明，服用１αＯＨＤ３６个月可以使男性和女性病人的ＢＭＤ分别增加５．０％和４．６％。但是１αＯＨＤ３对抗骨吸收的作用男女有差别，女性病人的骨转换率治疗后增高     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.