SLE皮肤基底膜带自身抗体靶抗原的研究

目的：了解SLE皮肤基底膜带自身抗体（BMZ－Ab）靶抗原，并与自身免疫性大疱病相关抗原进行比较。方法：以人皮肤提取物为抗原，免疫印迹（IB）检测47例SLE及对照的14例大疱性类天疱疮（BP）、2例获得性大疱性表皮松解症（EBA）患者血清中IgG型自身抗体。结果：29／47例SLE血清IgG型自身抗体与表皮和／或真皮抗原反应，其中14／47例单纯结合180kD、145kD、130kD、97kD、85kD、75kD、66kD表皮抗原，8／47例单纯结合115kD、290kD真皮抗原，7／47例同时结合上述不同分子量表、表皮抗原。11／14例BP血清结合230kD、180kD、165kD、130kD、115kD、97kD表皮抗原。2例EBA血清结合290kD真皮抗原。结论：SLE BMZ－Ab靶抗原存在明显异质性。SLE与多种自身免疫性大疱BMZ抗原交叉，提示它们之间的内在相关性。     

免疫病理型获得性大疱表皮松解症(EBA—IP)(真皮溶解性类天疱疮)

获得性大疱表皮松解症(EBA)为一种发生于成人的非遗传性后天获得性表皮松解性大疱性疾病。根据临床表现、病理改变和免疫学特点,将其分为典型的EBA和免疫病理型EBA(EBA-IP)。EBA-IP又称真皮溶解性类天疱疮,表现为慢性病程,有炎症期和非炎症期之分,两者可以同时和先后存在。其诊断标准为:(1)慢性大疱性疾病;(2)表皮下疱;(3)基底膜线样IgG沉积;(4)致密板下真皮上部的IgG沉积。非炎症期免疫病理型EBA与典型EBA相似,表现为皮肤脆弱、外伤部位大疱、糜烂,愈后有瘢痕或粟丘疹形成。临床应与慢性皮肤卟啉病、显性或隐性遗传营养不良型大疱性表皮松解症、粘膜类天疱疮等鉴别。炎症期免疫病理型EBA可与类天疱疮、粘膜类天疱疮或疱疹样皮炎相似。临床表现为红斑,红斑基础上水疱,皱褶间擦部位的张力性     

获得性大疱性表皮解松症中皮肤基底膜自身抗原的鉴定

获得性大疱性表皮松解症(EBA)是一种表皮—真皮间基底膜分离的少见的获得性慢性水疱性皮肤病。临床表现为好发于四肢伸侧的水疱和糜烂。愈后结疤有粟粒疹形成,皮肤非常脆弱,轻微外伤即可引起水疱。全身用皮质类固醇治疗效果不佳。近年证实,免疫球蛋白和补体沉积于发疱皮损的基底膜中,有些患者的血清中能找到抗基底膜的循环抗体。提示本病的病理机理与免疫机制有关。为了探索EBA血清抗体的相应抗原,作者把临床和组织学方面证实为EBA的9例患者血清作为观察对象。并收集了11份正常人血清,2份正常兔     

人类的角朊细胞和真皮的纤维母细胞合成获得性大疱性表皮松解症抗原

作者用体外培养的人类角朊细胞和纤维母细胞(分别取自新生儿包皮的表皮和真皮),以确定大疱性表皮松解症(EBA)抗原的来源,并用5例EBA患者的血清来鉴定这种抗原。这些血清均含抗     

盐裂皮损周围皮肤直接免疫荧光鉴别诊断表皮下水疱病

应用盐裂皮损周围皮肤直接免疫荧光 (DIF)检查 2 2例表皮下水疱病的结果 :IgG免疫复合物沉积在表皮侧 1 7例 ,表皮真皮两侧均有 2例 ,均为大疱性类天疱疮 (BP) ;真皮侧 3例 ,2例为获得性大疱性表皮松解症 (EBA) ,1例为大疱性系统性红斑狼疮 (BSLE)。对照组均阴性。此法简便易行 ,经济实用 ,准确可靠 ,值得推广使用     

NaCl分离皮肤为底物的IIF法鉴别诊断表皮下大疱病

对1989~1991年间,在本所就诊的100例表皮下大疱病,通过临床、组织病理、直接免疫荧光(DIF)、间接免疫荧光(IIF)法以及1M NaCl分离皮肤为底物的IIF法进行了诊断和评价.结果发现DIF检查的100例中有76例皮肤BMZ有免疫反应物沉积,另24例为阴性,但有典型的自身免疫性大疱病的临床表现;根据临床、DIF和分离皮IIF法修正诊断出大疱性类天疱疮(BP)54例、获得性大疱性表皮松解症(EBA)8例、线状IgA大疱性皮病(LABD)7例(成人4、儿童3),瘢痕性类天疱疮(CP)7例、水疱性红斑狼疮(BSLE)3例、迟发性皮肤卟啉症(PCT)2例、BP和寻常型天疱疮(PV)并发1例,BP和疱疹样皮炎(DH)并发1例,有17例未定.研究结果发现分离皮IIF法对提高表皮下大疱病的诊断水平有较重要的应用价值.但由于CP的抗BMZ抗体可分别出现在表皮侧或真皮侧,所以分离皮IIF法不能单独鉴别CP和BP、CP和EBA.应该结合临床、免疫印迹和免疫电镜等方法进一步诊断,从而也表明分离皮IIF法有一定的局限性.     

用皮肤分离术及间接免疫荧光法研究大疱性类天疱疮抗体的定位

作者用228份怀疑大疱性类天疱疮(BP)的血清,再次检查了抗基底膜区抗体 IgG 沉积的部位。皮肤分离术(split-skin technique)即用1.0M 的氯化钠处理正常皮肤,使真表皮在透明板下方裂开。再用间接免疫荧光法检查抗体沉积的部位。结果:212例(93%)与典型的 BP 一样,荧光呈表度染色型(裂隙顶部)。7例表现为混合型,即荧光位于裂隙的顶和底部,在获得性大疱性表皮松解症(EBA)的病例中无这种表现。9例(4%)荧光在裂隙的底部,表现为 EBA 的荧光型。作者又     

抗P_(200)血清对隐性遗传性营养不良性大疱性表皮松解症皮肤的免疫荧光研究

目的 确定P_(200)蛋白质抗原的性质。方法 收集了10例抗P_(200)类天疱疮血清,对6例隐性遗传性营养不良性大疱性表皮松解症(RDEB)皮肤切片进行了间接免疫荧光研究。结果 发现10例抗P_(200)类天疱疮血清均与5例RDEB皮肤基底膜带(BMZ)反应,而获得性大疱表皮松解症(EBA)血清对这些皮肤为阴性。另外,在1例RDEB,EBA血清既与BMZ反应又与Ⅶ型胶原沉积部位的胞浆反应,而抗P_(200)类天疱疮血清无此反应。结论 结果提示200 kDa抗原不是Ⅶ型胶原成份,而是一种特异的自身抗原。     

不同底物间接免疫荧光对自身免疫性表皮下水疱病诊断的评价

【摘要】 目的 评价以正常人皮肤、猴食管及盐裂皮肤为底物的间接免疫荧光对自身免疫性表皮下水疱病的诊断价值。方法 选取2015年1月至2016年12月在中国医学科学院皮肤病研究所诊断的自身免疫性表皮下水疱病56例,其中大疱性类天疱疮（BP）47例,获得性大疱性表皮松解症（EBA）6例,线状IgA大疱性皮病2例,P200类天疱疮1例。对照组为70例天疱疮、15例慢性湿疹和15例健康成人。分别以正常人皮肤、猴食管及盐裂皮肤为底物行间接免疫荧光,观察荧光沉积情况,比较不同表皮下水疱病间接免疫荧光检测的敏感性和特异性。采用SPSS 13.0软件,计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果 BP患者血清以正常人皮肤、猴食管为底物间接免疫荧光可见到荧光物质沿基底膜带线性沉积,盐裂皮肤间接免疫荧光可见BP患者荧光线性沉积于表皮侧,EBA和P200类天疱疮线性沉积于真皮侧。以正常人皮肤、猴食管及盐裂皮肤为底物间接免疫荧光对表皮下水疱病诊断的敏感性分别为73.2%、60.7%、94.6%,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 18.2,P < 0.05）,特异性分别为98.0%、100%、97.1%,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,以盐裂皮肤为底物时诊断的敏感性高于以正常人皮肤、猴食管为底物（χ2值分别为8.0、16.7,均P < 0.05）。结论 对于自身免疫性表皮下水疱病的诊断,盐裂皮肤为底物行间接免疫荧光检查优于以猴食管和正常人皮肤为底物。     

免疫印迹检测表皮下免疫性大疱病血清与疱液中基底膜自身抗体的比较研究

1、3、5示LABD、BP、EBA血清中BMZ-Ab分别结合97000、180000、290000的表/真皮抗原;2、4、6示与之相对应的LABD、BP、EBA疱液中BMZ-Ab分别结合相同分子量的表/真皮抗原表皮下自身免疫性大疱病(SABD)是一组以皮肤、粘膜反复出现红斑、水疱、大疱为特征的慢性炎症性皮肤病。根据其靶抗原的特性、基底膜带自身抗体(BMZ-Ab)的沉积方式和临床表现可分为大疱性类天疱疮(BP)、线性IgA大疱病(LABD)、获得性大疱性表皮松解症(EBA)、大疱性系统性红斑狼疮(BSLE)等几种疾病。完整及盐裂皮肤的间接免疫荧光(IIF)表明各种SABD血清及疱液中可出现相同的BMZ-Ab沉积方式^[1]。我们应用免疫印迹法(IB)对3例不同的SABD患者血清与疱液中BMZ-Ab进行比较分析,现报道如下。     

Differentiating anti-lamina lucida and anti-sublamina densa anti-BMZ antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on 1.0 M sodium chloride-separated skin

Sixty-one bullous disease sera containing IgG anti-BMZ antibodies were examined by indirect immunofluorescence on intact skin and skin separated through the lamina lucida by incubation in 1.0 M NaCl. All sera produced an indistinguishable pattern of linear immunofluorescence on intact skin at dilutions of 1:10 or higher. On separated skin, antibodies bound to either the epidermal (epidermal pattern), dermal (dermal pattern), or epidermal and dermal (combined pattern) sides of the separation. The binding patterns were consistent on separated skin from several donors and titers of anti-basement membrane zone antibodies on separated skin were comparable to those on intact skin. Sera from 3 patients with herpes gestationis (HG), 36 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), and 1 patient with clinical and histologic features of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) showed an epidermal pattern. Sera from 9 patients with BP showed a combined pattern and sera from 6 patients with EBA and 6 patients with clinical and histologic features of BP showed a dermal pattern. Indirect immunoelectron microscopy of selected sera showed antibodies producing the epidermal and combined patterns were anti-lamina lucida antibodies and those producing the dermal pattern were anti-sublamina densa antibodies. These results show indirect immunofluorescence on separated skin is a dependable method for differentiating bullous disease anti-lamina lucida and anti-sublamina densa antibodies and that differentiating between the antibodies is essential for accurate diagnosis in some patients. The results also suggest BP anti-lamina lucida antibodies may have more than one antigenic specificity.     

A bullous skin disease patient with autoantibodies against separate epitopes in 1 mol/L sodium chloride split skin.

BACKGROUND--We describe a patient with a subepidermal bullous skin disease associated with autoantibodies recognizing separate epitopes in 1 mol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) split skin. OBSERVATIONS--Direct immunofluorescence microscopy showed deposits of immunoglobulins and C3 in a continuous pattern in the patient's epidermal basement membrane zone. Direct immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated thick deposits of IgG overlying the lamina lucida and the lamina densa in a unique pattern. The patient had circulating IgG anti-basement membrane zone antibodies that bound both sides of 1 mol/L NaCl split skin, exhibited at least a fourfold-higher titer against the dermal side of this test substrate, and bound basal keratinocyte hemidesmosomes as well as focal sites along the superior portion of the lamina densa on indirect immunoelectron microscopy. Affinity purification of anti-basement membrane zone antibodies against epidermal or dermal strips of 1 mol/L NaCl split skin yielded IgG that only bound the side of split skin from which it was eluted. The patient's serum contained IgG that immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted the 230- and 170-kd bullous pemphigoid antigens. Affinity purification of patient antibody against bullous pemphigoid antigen immobilized on nitrocellulose paper yielded IgG that bound only the epidermal side of 1 mol/L NaCl split skin. The patient showed no evidence of reactivity against type VII collagen by direct immunoelectron microscopy, indirect immunoelectron microscopy, or immunoblot. CONCLUSIONS--This patient's bullous skin disease is associated with IgG anti-basement membrane zone antibodies with two specificities: one recognizing the bullous pemphigoid antigen in the epidermal side of 1 mol/L NaCl split skin, and another binding a distinct, yet presently unidentified, epitope in the superior aspect of the lamina densa.     

Antigen specificities of antibasement membrane zone antibodies: immunofluorescence and Western immunoblotting studies

Summary To clarify the antigen specificities of autoantibodies in sera and blister fluids from patients diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid (BP) by routine histology and immunofluorescence (IF) methods, indirect IF studies using the salt split-skin technique were performed. In addition, to detect the BP antigen(s) in human epidermal extracts, Western immunoblotting analyses were carried out. Of 41 sera, 39 (95%) showed a linear pattern of fluorescence along the epidermal side of the separation. Two (5%) sera showed a linear pattern of fluorescence along the dermal side. Blister fluids produced IF staining patterns identical with those of serum samples. These fluorescence patterns were not related to the BP antigen expression of the skin used as substrates. In Western immunoblotting analyses, selected sera showing an epidermal pattern on separated skin primarily reacted with 240 kD, 220 kD, 180 kD, and 150 kD proteins extracted from normal human epidermis. Two sera showing a dermal pattern on separated skin revealed no specific bands. The protein bands recognized by blister fluids were indentical with those of serum samples. These results indicated that blister fluids are also available in immunological analysis, and that BP antibodies have more than one antigenic specificity. Moreover, it is suggested that differential diagnosis between BP and other bullous diseases may be more important than previously recognized, particularly in patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA).     

The presence of anti–basement membrane zone antibodies in the sera of patients with non–bullous lupus erythematosus

We performed indirect immunofluorescence (IF) studies using 1 mol/1 sodium chloride split skin to determine whether or not a positive IF is specific to patients with bullous lupus erythematosus (LE). We examined the sera from 21 patients with systemic LE (SLE), three of which were obtained from two SLE patients and one subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) patient with bullous eruptions. As a comparison, we also studied the sera from patients with discoid LE (DLE,n= 7). SCLE (n= 1), systemic sclerosis (SSc, n= 20), bullous pemphigoid (n= 2) and normal individuals (n= 10). Sera from 16 SLE, four DLE and two SSc revealed a linear deposition of IgG isotype antibody at the epidermal side and/or the dermal side on indirect IF of split skin. The sera from three patients with bullous eruption and from 12 patients of SLE, SCLE, DLE without bullous eruption or SSc were further analysed by immunoblotting using five defined antigens, i.e, dermal extract, epidermal extract, three fusion proteins of 230 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG), 180 kDa BPAG, and human epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) antigen. Two SLE sera as well as one of the SCLE and the DLE serum reacted with 230 kDa BPAG in epidermal extract, and one of the SCLE and the DLE serum also reacted with the fusion protein of 180 kDa BPAG, No serum reacted with the dermal extract or the fusion protein of 230 kDa BPAG or EBA antigen. There was no consistent correlation between split–skin IF results and immunoblotting results. These results may suggest that even non–bullous LE patients often have autoantibodies to the basement membrane zone antigens, most of which are less pathogenic. Although we rarely examine the sera from non–bullous LE patients, we should keep this phenomenon in mind to avoid overestimating the results of split–skin test and immunoblotting.     

Acquired bullous diseases of childhood: re-evaluation of diagnosis by indirect immunofluorescence examination on 1 M NaCl split skin and immunoblotting

Summary Acquired autoimmune bullous diseases of childhood are rare, and can be difficult to distinguish clinically. We have studied 12 children, with an initial diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid (BP) in eight patients, cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) in one, chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC) in one, and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) in two.
All patients had positive indirect immunofluorescence (HF) of the BMZ with IgG. Using 1 M NaCl split skin, six patients showed epidermal binding of IgG, with additional IgA in three cases, and in five patients IgG antibodies bound a dermal protein. Immunoblotting studies revealed an antibody to type VII collagen (EBA antigen) in three patients who had a dermal pattern on IIF. Six sera reacted with an epidermal protein of 180 and/or 220 kDa, characteristic of BP and CP. One of the three IgA-positive sera detected 220-and 180-kDa epidermal proteins using anti-IgA antibody. Following these studies the diagnosis was changed in three of the children. The diagnosis of CBDC was changed to either BP or EBA because of the presence of circulating IgG autoantibodies. In two children with an initial diagnosis of BP the diagnosis was changed to EBA.
We conclude that the clinical picture in bullous disorders of childhood shows considerable overlap, and is often misleading. Additional circulating IgA autoantibodies seem to be more common in BP than has been recognized previously. Indirect immunofluorescence investigation on 1 M NaCl split skin may be helpful in differentiating between BP and EBA, but does not replace immunoblotting studies. EBA is apparently more common in children than in adults. No difference was found between the children with BP and EBA with regard to the duration of disease. The long-term outlook is good, although the course may be protracted.     

Comparative study of autoantigens for various bullous skin diseases by immunoblotting using different dermo-epidermal separation techniques

We investigaged the reactivity of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus (Pf), Brazilian Pf, bullous pemphigoid (BP), and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) sera with an immunoblot analysis using human epidermal and dermal extracts as a source of antigen. To obtain epidermal and dermal extracts three different dermo-epidermal separation methods were used: namely, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) separation, heat separation, and dispase separation. All the 15PV and the seven pemphigus vegetans sera demonstrated a 130-kDa PV antigen in epidermal extracts obtained by all the three methods. Furthermore, three PV sera also showed a 160-kDa Pf antigen, desmoglein. Ten of 14 Pf sera and six of 15 Brazilian Pf sera reacted with desmoglein in the same pattern in all the three epidermal extracts. Fifteen of the 22 BP sera showed reactivity with 230-kDa BP antigen in the same pattern in all the three epidermal extracts, whereas 14 BP sera delected the 180-kDa BP antigen in extracts of EDTA-and heat-separated epidermis but not in dispase-separated epidermal extract. Dermal extracts were obtained by EDTA- and heat-separated dermis, and all six EBA sera labelled a 290-kDa EBA antigen in both samples. These results suggest that heat-separated skin is as useful as EDTA-separated skin for detecting various autoantigens, but heat separation is preferable because the preparation time is shorter.     

Subepidermal blistering disease with autoantibodies against a novel dermal 200-kDa antigen

A number of autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases are characterized by the distinct autoantigens of the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Recently, a few cases with autoantibodies against a novel 200-kDa dermal protein have been reported. We collected nine cases of subepidermal blistering disease with IgG antibodies against this 200-kDa antigen. In this report, we describe the clinical and immunological appearances in these cases. Five cases showed bullous pemphigoid-like features, one case resembled dermatitis herpetiformis, and another case showed mixed features of bullous pemphigoid and linear IgA bullous dermatosis. It was interesting to note that psoriasis coexisted in four cases. By indirect immunofluorescence on 1 M NaCl split skin, IgG antibodies from all sera reacted with the dermal side of the split. By immunoblot analysis, IgG antibodies recognized a 200-kDa protein of dermal extract. IgG affinity-purified antibodies on the 200-kDa immunoblot membrane stained the dermal side of 1 M NaCl split skin. Various examinations suggested that the 200-kDa antigen is not identical to any chains of laminins-1, -5 or -6. This autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease against the dermal 200-kDa protein may form a new distinct entity, which often associates with psoriasis.     

Two Cases of Atypical Bullous Disease Showing Linear IgG and IgA Deposition in the Basement Membrane Zone

Patients showing coexistent linear IgG and IgA deposition along the basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorescence have been described as either bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, or cicatricial pemphigoid, depending on the clinical features and laboratory findings. In the present report, we describe two cases showing atypical clinical features distinct from those of other known bullous diseases. No circulating antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence of normal human skin. Indirect immunofluorescence of 1 M NaCl split skin revealed IgG and/or IgA antibodies reactive with the dermal side of the split. Immunoblotting of normal human epidermal and dermal extracts showed no apparent reactivity with known autoantigens. The results suggest that there may be a unique and distinct bullous disease with linear IgG and IgA deposition at the basement membrane zone.