UVB诱发天疱疮棘刺松解中补体膜攻击复合物的作用

UVR照射可促发天疱疮或使之加重,其机制尚不完全清楚.曾报告UVR照射对天疱疮病人正常皮肤诱发的早期水疱位于表皮细胞间隙,并有大     

UVB照射引起人体照射和遮盖部位黑素细胞增加

紫外线(UVR)照射可引起表皮黑素细胞数增加。曾报道小鼠在 UVR 照射后遮盖部位的黑素细胞亦有增生。这认为是由于 UVR 照射皮肤后释放一种致有丝分裂因子所致。本文作者首次在人体证实 UVR 引起照射和遮盖部位黑素细胞均增加。21名健康志愿者(男8,女13,年龄26～39岁),接受 UVB 照射。根据 Melski 分类,其中10例为Ⅱ型皮肤,11例为Ⅲ型或Ⅳ型皮肤。女性志愿者中无妊娠或服用避孕药者。UVB 全身照射,17天内每周3次,剂量以Ⅱ型皮肤出现轻度红斑为度。照射时左臀部以不透光的黑色塑料遮盖15×15cm 区域。首次照射前于左臀部以及末次照射3周后     

境界线抑制变应性接触性皮炎持续时间与人体表皮郎格罕细胞密度的相关性

最近研究发现境界线(GR)能抑制变应性接触性皮炎(ACD)反应,伴表皮郎格罕细胞(LC)消失。这种作用持续的时间尚不清楚。作者研究了28例使用GR抑制镍引起的ACD持续时间与表皮LC数的关系。 28例病人确认均对镍过敏。在病人右肩胛区8cm直径的皮肤给予GR照射(3Gy/次,1次/周,共3周),然后将病人随机均分为4组,每组病人分别在GR照射完成后的第1、7、14、21     

外用白芷-UVA对豚鼠变应性接触性皮炎的影响

本文对局部外用白芷配剂加长波紫外线照射对豚鼠DNCB接触过敏的诱导及激发的影响以及与表皮LC的关联进行了研究.白芷-UVA处理后ATP酶阳性细胞的数目显著降低,且处理部位残留可见的LC显示形态学变化.致敏前于诱导部位外用白芷加亚红斑量UVA照射对非照射部位激发反应无明显影响(与对照相比).当于正常皮肤进行诱导,在致敏后至激发期间给予白芷-UVA处理,则暴露部位的激发反应显著弱于对照侧.单独白芷或单独UVA对ACD的表达均无抑制作用.这些发现提示:白芷外用加小剂量UVA照射能影响LC及体内的细胞免疫反应,对白芷-UVA抑制豚鼠ACD激发反应的可能机制进行了讨论.     

在体外紫外线照射(UVR)诱导人类角朊细胞表达细胞表面抗原Ro/SSA:UVR诱发皮肤狼疮损害的可能机制

近几年来报道,两种新型红斑狼疮亚型:新生儿红斑性狼疮(NLE)和亚急性皮肤红斑性狼疮(SCLE)。其皮肤损害与存在Ro/SSA 循环自身抗体和频繁的 UVR 照射有关。本文旨在研究 UVR 是否诱发角朊细胞表达所复制的细胞表面抗原以及其与波长的关系。     

二硝基氯苯的治疗作用

二硝基氯苯(DNCB)能在豚鼠和人身上诱发实验性湿疹已为人所共知。本文作者介绍应用DNCB刺激细胞免疫,治疗某些皮肤病。 1.方法:一种方法是先用1％DNCB酒精溶液作斑贴试验,30天以后用10％DNCB丙酮溶液涂擦,该法能在95％的健康者产生实验性致敏作用。另一种方法是用10％DNCB丙酮液涂患处,每10天1次,共3次。其优点是致敏作用较快出现,因为湿疹样反应通常于2～3次接触后即出现。 2.患者:Dubreuilh黑变病2例;皮肤或皮下结节性转移性恶性黑色素瘤4例;有恶性网状内皮细胞增多症变性的苔藓样副银屑病1例;对各种治疗顽抗的多发性疣7例。     

白芷外用照射长波紫外线治疗湿疹类皮肤病20例的疗效观察

<正> 我们曾观察到,经DNCB致敏的豚鼠采用白芷外用加长波紫外线(UVA)照射可导致局部皮肤对DNCB的激发反应显著减弱,从而证明白芷加UVA对豚鼠变应性接触性皮炎有显著抑制作用。为此我们采用白芷加UVA治疗湿疹以观察其疗效。     

PUVA对皮肤迟发型超敏反应的抑制

本文对102名 PUVA 治疗的男女银屑病患者,年龄在16～76岁之间(平均45岁),进行皮肤迟发型超敏反应试验(DNCB 试验)。试验前均未接受化疗或抗感染药物治疗。另外以9例未进行 PUVA 治疗的银屑病患者和12名从未接触二硝基氯苯(DNCB)的正常人作对照。对照组受试者的年龄、     

环孢菌素在豚鼠变应性接触性皮炎的局部应用

环孢菌素对移植器官的排斥具有很强免疫抑制作用,并广泛地应用于接受移植的患者。近来已用于自身免疫性疾病的治疗,预期其对严重的变应性接触性皮炎也是一治疗手段。本文报告用 DNCB 致敏的豚鼠,接触过敏中局部应用环孢菌素的效果。结果:环孢菌素局部应用能显著地抑制 DNCB 引起的接触性过敏反应,且其作用是局部的。最大的抑制作用是在局部应用0.02ml(25mg/ml)的环孢菌素3天后产生的。停用后连续观察3天无任何反应。DNCB 引起接触性反应后,在3小时内应用环孢菌素有效,6小时后则无明显的抑制作用。静脉     

用二硝基氯苯对寻常疣作免疫治疗

作者选择了51例顽固性寻常疣,用二硝基氯苯(DNCB)进行治疗。其中16例失去随访,35例完成治疗,病人的年龄10～64岁,平均23.4岁。病期8月～20年,平均3.8年。疣的数目1～150个,平均18.9个。治疗方法:先诱发对DNCB的接触过敏,将0.15毫升2%DNCB丙酮溶液置于上臂内侧的2厘米直径的聚乙烯环内,待溶液吹干后,用多孔绷带条覆盖24小时。两周后以同样的方法用0.1%DNCB丙酮溶液做斑贴试验,48小时后检查迟发皮肤超敏反应。大部分病人对0.1%DNCB斑贴试验有((?))阳性反应。然后每日外用0.05～1.0%DNCB丙酮液2次,以不引起太强的反应(瘙痒、     

The effect of grenz rays on irritant skin reactions in man

To investigate the effect of grenz rays on irritant contact reactions, eleven healthy volunteers were studied. They were given 3 Gy of grenz rays, once a week for 3 weeks, to a defined area of the back. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, serial dilution sodium lauryl sulphate patch tests were applied both on the grenz ray treated area and on the untreated control skin. Biopsy specimens were taken from the irritant reactions both from the grenz ray treated area and from the control area and different cell populations in dermis and epidermis were identified by monoclonal antibodies (Leu 2, 3, 4, 7, Leu M1, B1, OKT6). In the grenz ray treated epidermis there was a pronounced reduction of OKT6-positive cells but the composition of the dermal cellular infiltrate did not differ between control and grenz ray treated skin. The assessment of the patch test reactions did reveal a tendency towards weaker reactions in the grenz ray pre-treated skin but this difference was not statistically significant. It is concluded that grenz rays do not have a marked effect on the elicitation of irritant reactions.     

Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Langerhans' Cells

Abstract: In the guinea pig, experimental allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) And primary irritant contact dermatitis (PICD) were induced with different concentrations of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The epidermal Langerhans' cells (LCs) were observed sequentially by both adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and electron microscopy. Light microscopically, in ACD, the density and dendritic processes of LC decreased markedly within 12 h after antigen challenge. Almost no recognization LCs could be seen within 2 to 5 days. Later, LCs began to repopulale in the epidermis. Within 14 days, the density and shape of the LCs returned to normal. On the contrary, LCs changed more rapidly in PICD. The dendritic processes of LC decreased within 2 h and cell density decreased dramatically within 6 h after DNCB application. LCs also repopulated more rapidly in the epidermis. Electron microscopically, in ACD, we observed that lymphocyte-like cells apposed to LCs; LCs were activated and damaged; however, in PICD, we found neither the apposition of lymphocyte-like cells to LCs, nor the activation of LCs. LCs play an important role in the convalescence phase as well as in the early and later phases of contact allergic reaction.     

Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Langerhans'' cells

In the guinea pig, experimental allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and primary irritant contact dermatitis (PICD) were induced with different concentrations of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The epidermal Langerhans' cells (LCs) were observed sequentially by both adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and electron microscopy. Light microscopically, in ACD, the density and dendritic processes of LC decreased markedly within 12 h after antigen challenge. Almost no recognization LCs could be seen within 2 to 5 days. Later, LCs began to repopulate in the epidermis. Within 14 days, the density and shape of the LCs returned to normal. On the contrary, LCs changed more rapidly in PICD. The dendritic processes of LC decreased within 2 h and cell density decreased dramatically within 6 h after DNCB application. LCs also repopulated more rapidly in the epidermis. Electron microscopically, in ACD, we observed that lymphocyte-like cells apposed to LCs; LCs were activated and damaged; however, in PICD, we found neither the apposition of lymphocyte-like cells to LCs, nor the activation of LCs. LCs play an important role in the convalescence phase as well as in the early and later phases of contact allergic reaction.     

The effect of grenz ray therapy on pustulosis palmoplantaris. A double-blind bilateral trial

The effect of grenz ray therapy in the treatment of pustulosis palmoplantaris was assessed in 15 patients by randomly allocating active treatment of the lesions of one side of the body, while the lesions on the other side, which received stimulated therapy, served as a control. Four Gy of grenz rays 10 kV were applied on 6 occasions at intervals of 1 week. A significantly better therapeutic result was recorded on the lesions which had received active grenz ray therapy. However, the therapeutic response was moderate. It is concluded that grenz ray therapy could be useful in pustulosis palmoplantaris mainly as an adjunct to other therapies.     

Effect of depletion of epidermal dendritic cells on the induction of contact sensitivity in the guinea-pig

Guinea pig skin was depleted of Langerhans cells (LC) as assessed by ATPase and Ia staining using several techniques. The LCs were depleted either by tape-stripping or exposure of the animals to UV-B or UV-C radiation. Guinea-pigs were sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by application of the sensitizer to the epidermis depleted of LC. Minimally suppressed contact reactions were found in animals exposed to both wavelengths of radiation, but this was shown to be a systemic rather than a local effect. Tape-stripping did not alter the degree of contact sensitivity when guinea-pigs were sensitized with a large dose of DNCB. When a non-sensitizing dose of DNCB was applied to the ear depleted of LC by tape-stripping, contact sensitivity resulted. Although the depletion of LCs was 97% following UV-B, 93% with UV-C and 78% after tape-stripping, at no time were LCs completely absent from the epidermis.     

Effects of immunological responsiveness on Langerhans cell behavior in contact sensitization

Abstract The epicutaneous application of haptens results in a functional activation of the antigen-presenting Langerhans cells (LCs) which is necessary for the induction of contact sensitivity. In this ultrastructural study, We investigated the effects of the immune response on these cellular properties of the LCs by using 2 strains of guinea pigs with genetically determined high and non responsiveness, respectively, to the strong sensitizer 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). After skin painting, both strains showed a similar cellular and endocytotic activation of the LCs and a similar intraepidermal localization of DNCB on immunoelectron microscopical visualization. There were however few LC-lymphoid cell interactions in the non responders, in contrast to numerous such appositions in the other strain. Intravenous tolerization with 2,4-dinitrobenzene-l-sulfonic acid, which is known to block the DNCB receptor of T cells, hampered the lymphoid cell interactions in the DNCB treated high responders, but it did not affect the LC activation. These in vivo observations demonstrate that the hapten-induced changes of the LC properties is the initial, T-cell independent event in contact sensitization.     

咪唑斯汀等几种抗组胺药对小鼠接触性皮炎作用的实验研究

目的：观察几种抗组胺药对小鼠接触性皮炎的疗效及对表皮朗格汉斯细胞(LCS)数目的影响。方法：制作小鼠接触性皮炎模型,测量用药各组鼠左耳中部厚度变化及应用ABC免疫组化法测定LCS的数目。结果：对诱发皮炎前、后24h鼠耳厚度差的比较,咪唑斯汀组作用较强;各实验组与对照组比较,OX4 LCs、OX3*LCs均明显减少。结论：几种抗组胺药对小鼠迟发型超敏反应均有抑制作用,咪唑斯汀的作用较强;几种抗组胺药可使表皮LCs数目呈不同程度的减少;抗组胺药对迟发型超敏反应的抑制作用可能与LCs的数目减少有关,LCs数目的减少可能是其抑制迟发型超敏反应的机制之一。     

Therapeutic Effect of Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on Verruca Plana and Verruca Vulgaris

Fifty-nine patients with verrucae (45 with verrucae plana and 14 with verrucae vulgaris) were treated with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as a topical application on the normal uninvolved skin of the shoulder for sensitization and challenge. The patients were sensitized with 0.5 ml of 0.4% DNCB solution and then challenged with 0.1% DNCB ointment twice a week. Six cases of verrucae plana and 1 case of verrucae vulgaris were completely cured by sensitization only and 32 cases of verrucae plana and 7 cases of verrucae vulgaris were completely resolved by repeated challenges. The therapeutic effect was better in verrucae plana (84.4%) than in verrucae vulgaris (57.1%), and the verrucae were completely resolved within 10 weeks in more than 90% of the patients cured by challenge. The side effects of DNCB were mild allergic contact dermatitis and slight transitory hyperpigmentation at the site of application.     

Susceptibility to effects of UVB radiation on induction of contact hypersensitivity as a risk factor for skin cancer in humans

Normal, healthy human volunteers and patients with proved history of non-melanoma skin cancer have been tested for their capacity to develop contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) following exposure of buttock skin to acute, low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Using a radiation protocol that achieves virtually complete depletion of normal-appearing Langerhans cells from irradiated skin, it was learned that approximately 60% of healthy volunteers developed vigorous contact hypersensitivity (CH) when 2000 micrograms DNCB was painted on the irradiated site. These individuals were designated UVB-resistant, and were distinguished from other individuals, designated UVB-susceptible, who failed to develop contact hypersensitivity following an identical treatment protocol. It was then discovered that virtually all (92%) skin cancer patients exposed to UVB and DNCB failed to develop CH, i.e., were UVB-susceptible. In subsequent experiments, epicutaneous application of 2000 micrograms DNCB to unirradiated skin of UVB-susceptible individuals revealed a further distinction between normal persons and skin cancer patients. Approximately 45% of the latter (and none of the former) remained unresponsive (failed to develop contact hypersensitivity following this second attempt at sensitization), implying that they had been rendered immunologically tolerant. These tolerant individuals responded normally to the unrelated hapten, diphencyprone. We conclude that human beings resemble inbred strains of laboratory mice in that some individuals are UVB-susceptible, whereas others are UVB-resistant. Because the incidence of UVB-susceptibility was significantly higher in skin cancer patients, and as specific unresponsiveness could be demonstrated only in these patients, we propose that UVB-susceptibility, as we define it in this hapten system, may be a risk factor for the development of skin cancer.     

Indications and action mechanisms of phototherapy

Recently phototherapy has become one of the most commonly used modalities for the treatment of a variety of skin diseases, although the action mechanisms have not been fully understood. The inhibitory effect of UVR on DNA synthesis may be one of the actions for proliferating skin diseases. However, phototherapy is also used for the treatment of allergic or autoimmune diseases. It has been confirmed that the skin is an important immunologic organ whose constitutive cells are all involved in immunologic reactions. We have investigated the effects of PUVA and UVB radiation on the immunocompetent cells, including Langerhans cells, T lymphocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells and natural killer cells. Exposure to UVR inhibits contact sensitization to haptens applied not only to the irradiated skin area but also to the non-irradiated distant skin when the exposure dose is relatively high and/or the application skin area is large. In addition, hapten-specific tolerance develops by the generation of suppressor T cells. Phototherapy is also useful for immediate type hypersensitivity such as urticaria. Action mode in the case may be the inhibitory effects of UVR on histamine release from mast cells. The results obtained from these experiments suggest that phototherapy exerts its anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects through immunosuppression.