鞘内注射γ-氨基丁酸转运体-1抑制剂NO-711对神经病理痛大鼠脊髓星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的影响

目的观察脊髓水平GABA转运体-1(GAT-1)抑制剂NO-711对坐骨神经慢性松结扎(CCI)大鼠机械和热痛阈及星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的影响,探讨NO-711抗伤害性的可能机制。方法雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为4组(n=18):即Sham+NS组;Sham+NO组;CCI+NS组;CCI+NO组。各组大鼠在手术前5 d先进行鞘内置管,在术前测定基础MWT和TWL及GFAP的表达。CCI手术后5 d,鞘内注射100μg的NO-711,测定给药前、给药后0.5 h、1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h大鼠MWT和TWL及GFAP的表达。结果Sham组从术后1 d开始直到本实验观察的术后21 d,MWT和TWL均无明显降低;CCI加生理盐水组大鼠在各个时间点上与给药前相比,MWT和TWL及GFAP的表达无明显改变(P>0.05);CCI加NO-711组大鼠在给药后MWT和TWL明显增加及GFAP的表达明显降低,在给药后1 h时作用最明显,与给药前和盐水组相比P<0.01,并一直持续到给药后4 h,并随时间的延长又逐渐恢复到给药前水平。结论鞘内注射NO-711通过抑制星形胶质细胞GFAP表达,可明显减轻慢性坐骨神经松结扎大鼠机械痛敏和热痛敏。     

Expression of Rat Spnial Astrocyte GFAP with Neurotic Pathological Pain through GABA Transporter-1 Inhibitor NO711 with Intrathecal Injection

目的 观察脊髓水平GABA 转运体-1(GAT-1)抑制剂NO-711对坐骨神经慢性松结扎(CCI)大鼠机械和热痛阈及星形胶质细胞GFAP表达的影响,探讨NO-711抗伤害性的可能机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠72只,随机分为4组(n=18):即Sham+NS组;Sham+NO组;CCI+NS组;CCI+NO组.各组大鼠在手术前5 d先进行鞘内置管,在术前测定基础MWT和TWL及GFAP的表达.CCI手术后5 d,鞘内注射100 μg的NO-711,测定给药前、给药后0.5 h、1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h大鼠MWT和TWL及GFAP的表达.结果 Sham组从术后1 d开始直到本实验观察的术后21 d,MWT和TWL均无明显降低;CCI加生理盐水组大鼠在各个时间点上与给药前相比,MWT和TWL及GFAP的表达无明显改变(P＞0.05);CCI加NO-711组大鼠在给药后MWT和TWL明显增加及GFAP的表达明显降低,在给药后1 h时作用最明显,与给药前和盐水组相比P＜0.01,并一直持续到给药后4 h,并随时间的延长又逐渐恢复到给药前水平.结论 鞘内注射NO-711通过抑制星形胶质细胞GFAP表达,可明显减轻慢性坐骨神经松结扎大鼠机械痛敏和热痛敏.     

鞘内注射氟代柠檬酸对骨癌痛大鼠的镇痛作用

目的通过观察鞘内注射氟代柠檬酸（FC）对骨癌痛大鼠机械性痛敏的影响,探讨脊髓胶质细胞在骨癌痛中的作用。方法 （1）20只大鼠分为假手术组和骨癌痛组两组,骨癌痛组分别在注射Walker256细胞后第7、14、21天各处死5只大鼠取腰段脊髓,假手术组术后第7天取腰段L4～L5脊髓,分别测定两组星形胶质细胞标志物胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和小胶质细胞标志物补体受体-3单克隆抗体（OX-42）的表达。（2）12只骨癌痛模型大鼠,成功建模置管后第14天随机分为PBS组和FC组两组,鞘内分别注射PBS、FC1nmol（10μl）,在给药前后测定大鼠机械性缩足反射阈值（PWMT）。结果 （1）骨癌痛组与假手术组比较,大鼠脊髓背角星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞活化明显,平均吸光度值较假手术组显著增加（P〈0.01）。（2）FC组大鼠鞘内注射FC1 nmol后,PWMT较PBS组和给药前显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论脊髓胶质细胞的激活参与了骨癌痛疼痛信息处理过程。     

鞘内注射赛庚啶缓解小鼠骨癌痛

目的: 观察鞘内注射SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7/9 (SET7/9)抑制剂赛庚啶对骨癌痛模型小鼠机械性痛觉过敏阈值(paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,PWMT)及脊髓背角SET7/9表达的影响。方法: 选择88只雄性C3H/HeJ小鼠,体质量20～25 g。实验分为2部分：第1部分实验将小鼠随机均分为假手术组及骨癌痛组,每组8只,观察两组小鼠术前1 d及术后5、7、12、15 d PWMT的变化;采用蛋白质印迹法检测两组小鼠(n=4)术前1 d及术后15 d脊髓背角SET7/9的表达。第2部分实验将小鼠随机分为假手术组、骨癌痛组、骨癌痛+赛庚啶 10 nmol组、骨癌痛+赛庚啶 20 nmol组、骨癌痛+ SET7/9 0.2 μg组、骨癌痛+SET7/9 0.2 μg+赛庚啶20 nmol组及骨癌痛+氯苯那敏 200 μg组,每组8只;观察鞘内给药前(0 h)及鞘内给药后1、3、6 h 各组PWMT的变化;蛋白质印迹法测定骨癌痛组(n=4)及骨癌痛+赛庚啶 20 nmol组(n=4)鞘内给药前(0 h)及鞘内给药后6 h脊髓背角SET7/9的表达。结果： 与假手术组相比,骨癌痛组小鼠术后7～15 d PWMT显著降低(P <0.05或0.01),15 d脊髓背角SET7/9明显增加(P<0.01)。与骨癌痛组相比,骨癌痛+赛庚啶10 nmol组、骨癌痛+赛庚啶20 nmol组鞘内注射3 h后PWMT明显增加(P<0.05或0.01),骨癌痛+赛庚啶20 nmol组小鼠脊髓背角SET7/9表达明显降低(P<0.01)。 结论： 鞘内注射赛庚啶可明显提高15 d骨癌痛小鼠PWMT及降低骨癌痛小鼠脊髓背角SET7/9的表达;脊髓SET7/9可能参与小鼠骨癌痛的发展过程。     

鞘内注射钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ抑制剂KN93对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为的影响

目的 探讨钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)在骨癌痛发病机制中的作用.方法 雄性C3H/HeN小鼠40只分为5组:假手对照Sham组(S组n=8),癌痛模型对照Control组(C组n=8)和KN93 Treat组(T1组n=8、T2组n=8、T3组n=8).C组和T组(T1、T2、T3)小鼠左侧股骨远端骨髓腔接种溶于α-MEM的NCTC 2472纤维肉瘤细胞,建立骨癌痛模型;S组小鼠骨髓腔注入不含NCTC 2472细胞的α-MEM.在术后的第14天S组和C组鞘内注射20%DMSO 5μl,T1、T2、T3组分别鞘内注射溶于20%DMSO的KN93 15 nmol/5μl、30nmol/5μl、60nmol/5μl.各组于给药前及给药后的0.5 h、2h、4h、8 h检测小鼠的自发抬足次数、机械性缩足反射阈值(PWMT)和热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL).结果 鞘内给予KN9315 nmol对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为无影响,鞘内给予KN93 30nmol、60nmol能剂量依赖性减轻小鼠痛行为反应,给药后0.5 h 2组小鼠自发抬足次数[(7.25±1.49)次、(4.12±1.36)次]比C组[(11.62±1.92)次]降低,PWMT[(1.28±0.14)g、(1.75+0.46)g]、PWTL[(14.64±2.12)s、(16.85±1.61)s]比C组[(0.47±0.16)g、(11.32±1.68)s]升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).作用2h达到高峰,维持到4h左右,8 h后基本消失.结论 CaMKⅡ在骨癌痛的发病中起重要作用,鞘内注射KN93能够剂量依赖性改善骨癌痛小鼠的痛行为.     

半胱氨酸蛋白酶参与调节ephrinBs/EphBs信号通路活化诱发神经病理性疼痛研究

目的 观察小鼠鞘内注射酪氨酸激酶受体EphB1及其配体ephrinB2-Fc对其神经病理性疼痛行为的作用及对半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)表达水平的影响.方法 昆明小鼠36只,采用数字表法随机分为假手术+生理盐水组(Sham+ NS,n=6)、假手术+酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体B1组(Sham+ EphB1,n=6)、坐骨神经压迫性损伤+生理盐水组(CCI+ NS,n=12)以及CCI+ EphB1组(n=12),于制模前1d及制模后1、3、5、7、14 d时测定各组小鼠的机械刺激缩足反射阈值(mechanical withdrawal threshold,MWT)和热缩足反射潜伏期(thermal withdrawal latency,TWL),并于第5天将CCI+ NS和CCI+ EphB1组中的6只小鼠处死,取L4-5段脊髓,采用免疫组化方法测定caspase-3阳性细胞数的含量.另取昆明小鼠24只,采用数字表法随机分为4组,每组6只,即空白对照组、生理盐水对照组(NS,鞘内注射5μl NS)、ephrinB2-Fc 0.1 μg组(注射浓度0.02g/L,体积5 μl)、ephnnB2-Fc0.5μg组(注射浓度0.1 g/L,体积5μl).于给药前3h和给药后3、6、9、12、24、48 h测定各组小鼠MWT和TWL,术后48 h取L4-5段脊髓,采用免疫组化方法测定脊髓中caspase-3阳性细胞数的含量.结果 在CCI模型中,与Sham + NS和Sham+ EphB1比较,CCI+ EphB1与CCI+ NS组术后第1、3、5、7 dMWT及术后第3、5、7 dTWL疼痛阈值明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与CCI+ NS相比,CCI+ EphB1组MWT和TWL显著提高,caspase-3阳性细胞数明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与空白对照组及NS对照组相比,ephrinB2-Fc 0.1 μg、0.5 μg组MWT和TWL显著降低,caspase-3阳性细胞数的含量明显增多,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且浓度越高痛阈值越低,阳性细胞数越多.结论 鞘内注射ephrinB2-Fc、EphB1可分别引起小鼠机械痛敏和热痛敏的升高和降低,其机制可能与调节caspase-3表达变化有关.     

鞘内注射硫酸镁对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为的影响

目的 观察鞘内注射硫酸镁( MgSO4)对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为的影响.方法 雄性C3 H/HeJ小鼠56只,8 ～10周龄,体质量18～22 g,随机分为7组(n=8):假手术Sham组(S组)、癌痛模型对照Control组(C组)和MgSO4及吗啡Treat组(T1 -T5组).C组和T组(T1-T5组)小鼠右侧股骨远端骨髓腔接种含有2×105个NCTC 2472纤维肉瘤细胞的20μl α-MEM,建立骨癌痛模型;S组小鼠骨髓腔注入不含NCTC2472细胞的20μl α-MEM.在接种肿瘤细胞后第14天S组和C组鞘内注射5μl人工脑脊液,T1 -T5组分别鞘内注射溶于人工脑脊液的MgSO4 14.4 μg/5μl、43.2 μg/5μl、86.4 μg/5μl、吗啡0.36 μg/5μl、MgSO414.4μg-吗啡0.36 μg/5 μl.各组于给药前0.5h及给药后的0.5h、2h、4h、8h检测小鼠的自发抬足次数、机械性缩足反射阈值(PWMT)和热缩足反射潜伏期(PWTL).结果 鞘内给予MgSQ 14.4 μg、吗啡0.36 μg对骨癌痛小鼠痛行为无影响,鞘内给予MgSO4 43.2 μg、86.4 μg能剂量依赖性减轻小鼠痛行为反应,同时MgSO4 14.4μg-吗啡阈下剂量0.36μg组合也减轻小鼠痛行为反应,给药后0.5h各组小鼠自发抬足次数[(10.08±1.66)次、(7.35±1.36)次、(10.54±1.32)次]比C组[(13.05±2.06)次]降低,PWMT[ (0.81±0.22)g、(1.33±0.19)g、(0.93±0.26)g]、PWTL[ (10.57±1.53)s、(13.12±1.71)s、(11.46±1.83)s]比C组[(0.42±0.23)g、(8.87±1.27)s]升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).作用2h达到高峰,维持到4h左右,8h后基本消失.结论 鞘内注射MgSO4能够剂量依赖性改善骨癌痛小鼠的痛行为;同时MgSO4可增强阈下剂量吗啡的镇痛作用.     

芍药甘草汤对坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤大鼠痛阈和脊髓SIRT1表达的影响

[目的]观察芍药甘草汤(shaoyao-gancao decoction,SGD)对坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤(chronic constriction injury,CCI)大鼠机械痛敏和热痛敏的影响,并研究SGD对CCI大鼠脊髓沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1,SIRT1)表达的影响。[方法]SD大鼠随机分为5组:假手术组(Sham组)、CCI组、SGD组、SGD+SIRT1-si RNA(small-interfering RNA,si RNA)和SGD+MM-si RNA(阴性对照)组,SGD组大鼠在CCI模型建立前6h开始灌胃给予40g·kg-1 SGD,1次/d,连续4d,而Sham组和CCI组大鼠则灌胃给予同体积的0.9%生理盐水;SGD+SIRT1-si RNA组大鼠除灌胃给予40g·kg-1 SGD,还鞘内给予10μL(2.5μg)的SIRT1-si RNA,SGD+MM-si RNA组则给予同剂量的MM-si RNA。各组分别在术前和术后第1、3、5、7d测定机械缩足反射阈值(mechanical withdrawal threshold,MWT)和热缩足潜伏期(thermal withdrawal latency,TWL),手术结束后提取大鼠脊髓测定SIRT1和Ac-NF-κB/NF-κB的蛋白表达。[结果]和Sham组相比,CCI组术后MWT及TWL均下降(P0.05),SGD组与CCI组相比,MWT和TWL在术后1、3和7d均明显增加(P0.05)。和Sham组相比,CCI组SIRT1和Ac-NF-κB/NF-κB表达降低(P0.01),和CCI组比较,SGD+SIRT1-si RNA组SIRT1和Ac-NF-κB/NF-κB表达增加(P0.01),而鞘内预先给予SIRT1 si RNA组则可逆转SGM的作用(P0.05,P0.01)。[结论]SGD能抑制CCI大鼠的机械痛敏和热痛敏,其作用可能和增加脊髓SIRT1的表达有关。     

鞘内注射右美托咪定对背根结慢性压迫痛大鼠脊髓CaMK Ⅱ表达的影响

目的 观察鞘内注射右美托咪定对背根节慢性受压痛大鼠(CCD)脊髓CaMKⅡ表达的影响,探讨右美托咪定-CaMKⅡ通路在大鼠背根节慢性受压痛中的作用.方法 鞘内置管成功的雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为6组,每组48只.分别是正常对照组(C组);模型组(CCD组);生理盐水组(NS组);右美托咪定2μg/kg组(Dex2);右美托咪定4 μg/kg组(Dex4);右美托咪定8 μg/kg组(Dex8).分别于鞘内置管前(T1),制备CCD模型前(T2)、CCD模型制备后5d鞘内给药前(T3)、鞘内给药后30 min(T4)、60 min(T5)、120 min(T6)、240 min (T7)检测大鼠机械缩腿阈值(MWT)和热缩足潜伏期(TWL).并于鞘内给药后240 min,各组取4只大鼠处死,取脊髓腰膨大,采用免疫印迹法检测CaMKⅡ的表达.结果 与C组比较,CCD组大鼠在T3～T7各时点MWT及TWL均显著降低,CCD组大鼠表现为明显的机械痛敏感和热痛敏感.NS组大鼠鞘内注射NS后对大鼠MWT及TWL无影响,鞘内注射不同剂量的右美托咪定则可显著提高CCD大鼠MWT和TWL.与C组(0.24±0.04)比较,CCD组(0.59±0.09)、NS组(0.61±0.08)大鼠CaMKⅡ蛋白表达均显著增加;鞘内注射不同剂量的右美托咪定后,大鼠脊髓CaMKⅡ蛋白表达(0.45±0.06、0.39±0.05、0.36±0.06)增加幅度显著降低.结论 鞘内注射右美托咪定可减轻CCD大鼠机械痛敏感和热痛敏感,抑制CCD大鼠脊髓CaMKⅡ蛋白表达.     

鞘内注射PAF受体拮抗剂对SNL大鼠痛敏和脊髓c-fos表达的影响

目的 观察鞘内注射血小板活化因子(platelet-activating factor,PAF)受体拮抗剂BN52021和BN50730对脊神经结扎(spinal nerve ligation,SNL)大鼠痛敏和脊髓原癌基因c-fos表达的影响,探讨脊髓PAF在神经病理性疼痛机制中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠48只,鞘内置管,随机分为6组.假手术组(sham组),12只;SNL组,12只,制作SNL模型;DMSO(0.1%二甲基亚砜生理盐水,5μl)对照组、BN52021(100 μg/5μl)治疗组、BN50730(100 μg/5 μl)治疗组和BN52021(100 μg/2.5 μl)+BN50730(100 μg/2.5μl)治疗组,每组6只,制作SNL模型,DMSO对照组和3个治疗组鞘内注射给药,每天1次,连续给药7 d;第7天测各组大鼠机械缩爪阈值和辐射热缩爪潜伏期,放射免疫分析检测脊髓PAF含量,免疫组织化学染色检测脊髓c-fos的表达.结果 SNL神经损伤诱发大鼠触觉异常痛敏和热痛敏,机械缩爪阈值和辐射热缩爪潜伏期下降(P<0.05),脊髓PAF含量升高(P<0.05),脊髓c-fos表达增强(P<0.05);BN52021和BN50730明显减轻大鼠触觉异常痛敏和热痛敏并抑制脊髓c-fos的表达增强(P<0.05).结论 内源性PAF可能参与SNL神经损伤疼痛机制,PAF的两类结合位点均介导痛觉信号传导,PAF受体拮抗剂可应用于治疗SNL神经损伤诱发的慢性疼痛.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.