2型糖尿病脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗的关系探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发生与胰岛素抵抗及血脂代谢紊乱的关系.方法 收集98例T2DM患者,全部病例经肝脏彩超扫描证实,将其分为T2DM合并NAFLD组(47例)与T2DM无NAFLD组(51例),另选取50例健康体检者作为对照组.检测三组体质指数(BMI)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hBG)、空腹血浆胰岛素(FINs)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)等,并进行比较.结果 T2DM合并NAFLD组FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、BMI均高于T2DM无NAFLD组和对照组(P＜0.05);HOMA-ISI、HDL-C则低于T2DM无NAFLD组和对照组(P＜0.05);BMI、FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C与糖尿病脂肪肝呈显著正相关(r=0.628、0.735、0.841、0.762、0.850,P＜0.05),HOMA-ISI、HDL-C与糖尿病脂肪肝呈显著负相关(r=-0.351、-0.427,P＜0.05).结论 T2DM患者合并NAFLD与血脂代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗及肥胖等有关,减肥、降脂、改善胰岛素抵抗对防治糖尿病NAFLD具有重要意义.     

2型糖尿病脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗的关系探讨

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发生与胰岛素抵抗及血脂代谢紊乱的关系.方法 收集98例T2DM患者,全部病例经肝脏彩超扫描证实,将其分为T2DM合并NAFLD组(47例)与T2DM无NAFLD组(51例),另选取50例健康体检者作为对照组.检测三组体质指数(BMI)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hBG)、空腹血浆胰岛素(FINs)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-ISI)等,并进行比较.结果 T2DM合并NAFLD组FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、BMI均高于T2DM无NAFLD组和对照组(P＜0.05);HOMA-ISI、HDL-C则低于T2DM无NAFLD组和对照组(P＜0.05);BMI、FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C与糖尿病脂肪肝呈显著正相关(r=0.628、0.735、0.841、0.762、0.850,P＜0.05),HOMA-ISI、HDL-C与糖尿病脂肪肝呈显著负相关(r=-0.351、-0.427,P＜0.05).结论 T2DM患者合并NAFLD与血脂代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗及肥胖等有关,减肥、降脂、改善胰岛素抵抗对防治糖尿病NAFLD具有重要意义.     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系.方法 收集初诊T2DM患者86例(T2DM组),另选门诊体检健康者50例(对照组),检测所有研究对象空腹状态下血清脂联索、血脂、尿酸、空腹血糖及胰岛素水平,采用稳态模型评估法计算IR指数(HOMA-IRI),同时计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR).结果 T2DM组脂联素显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),HOMA-IRI显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).脂联素与BMI、WHR、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IRI、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、甘油三酯呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇呈正相关,与总胆固醇、尿酸无相关性.WHR、BMI、脂联素和空腹血糖是影响IR最显著的因素.结论 2型糖尿病患者存在IR、低脂联索血症,低脂联索血症可能影响T2DM患者IR的程度.     

综合管理对老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制达标的促进作用

目的了解综合管理对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)达标的促进作用及影响因素。方法经过多年采取糖尿病综合防治措施,于2009年度体检时对长期在我院保健的老年T2DM患者进行综合评估。常规体检项目包括测量身高、体重和坐位血压,静脉采血测定空腹血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG),糖尿病患者均测定HbA1c。各项控制标准按美国糖尿病学会T2DM指南。结果 2009年评估的老年T2DM患者共688例,占参检人数的34.9。其中男652例,女36例,年龄60~95(78.2±9.1)岁。HbA1c平均值为(6.6±0.9),达标率以<6.5和<7.0分别计算,各为50.6和76.3。TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、血压和体重指数(BMI)的达标率分别为77.1、46.4、66.1、67.8、36.3、57.4。相关影响因素分析显示糖尿病病程、降血糖需用药情况、血压控制情况、LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、BMI与HbA1c的控制有关(P<0.05)。10年来无1例因糖尿病酮症、高血糖高渗状态急诊入院,因中重度低血糖就...     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者血液流变学的检测分析

目的探讨新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血液流变学特点。方法在某医院2009年1月-2010年12月的体检人群中,根据1999年WHO的糖尿病诊断标准选择新诊断的T2DM患者80例作为T2DM组;选择100例健康者作为对照组,检测两组血液流变学及相关生化指标并进行统计学分析。结果新诊断T2DM患者的空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、尿酸(UA)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血液流变检测指标全血黏度、血浆黏度、血沉方程K值、红细胞压积及纤维蛋白原均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新诊断T2DM患者存在血液流变学的改变,表现为高黏血症。     

血清超敏C反应蛋白检测在糖耐量减低及糖尿病患者中的临床意义

目的 比较不同糖耐量受试者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,探讨hs-CRP检测在糖耐量减低(IGT)及糖尿病患者中的作用.方法 所有受试者均行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),用免疫透射比浊法测定正常糖耐量(NGT)、IGT、2型糖尿病(T2DM)受试者血清hs-CRP水平.结果 NGT、IGT和T2DM者血清hs-CRP水平分别为(1.57±0.46)、(2.84±0.48)、(4.18±0.76)mg/L,hs-CRP分别与体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、OGTT试验中2h血糖、三酰甘油和总胆固醇呈正相关.结论 T2DM患者早在IGT阶段就已经存在炎性反应,炎性反应可能参与了T2DM的发生和发展.hs-CRP作为炎性反应因子,在预测和监视T2DM方面有重要意义.     

西安市体检人群2型糖尿病流行病学调查及相关因素分析

目的调查西安市体检人群2型糖尿病(T2DM)流行病学资料并分析其相关因素。方法选取2017年1月至2017年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院体检中心体检的西安市常住居民共3458例,对所有研究对象进行问卷调查,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),并进行T2DM诊断。结果 3458名调查对象中,共有1115例T2DM患者,总患病率为32.24%。T2DM患病率随年龄增长而逐渐上升。T2DM组与正常血糖组的性别、年龄、文化程度无统计学差异(P0.05),但两组的BMI、吸烟和饮酒状态、家庭T2DM史和合并高血压方面有显著差异(P0.001)。此外,T2DM组TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著高于正常血糖组,而HDL-C水平显著低于正常血糖组(P0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,超重/肥胖、有T2DM家族史、血脂异常、吸烟和饮酒均是T2DM患病的危险因素(P0.001)。结论西安市人群T2DM患病率较高,应加强T2DM的防治工作,提高民众健康水平。     

2型糖尿病颈动脉粥样硬化与血脂及胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉粥样硬化(AS)与血脂及胰岛素抵抗的关系,为有效预防和控制AS的发生发展提供科学依据.方法 选择沈阳医学院沈洲医院93例T2DM患者作为研究对象,测量患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块情况.根据IMT值将T2DM患者分为3组:单纯糖尿病(DM)组32例,中膜增厚组31例,斑块组30例.选取健康对照组30例.测定血脂、血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 IMT与空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白a(Lp-a)呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)呈负相关,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).logistic回归分析结果显示,TC是T2DM颈AS的危险因素(OR=23.649,95％ CI:2.410～232.104),HDL-C(OR=0.008,95％ CI:0.000～0.279)、载脂蛋白B(OR=0.000,95％CI:0.000～0.101)是保护因素.结论 T2DM颈AS与血脂及胰岛素抵抗密切相关.     

2型糖尿病患者抑郁症状与脂联素水平相关性研究

目的 探讨脂联素(ADP)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)并发抑郁症状的相关性.方法 76例T2DM患者按抑郁严重度指数分为T2DM无抑郁症状组(DM组)30例和T2DM并发抑郁症状组(DD组)46例,分别检测身高、体重、腰围、臀围,血浆ADP、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、空腹皮质醇(COR)及空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).并与36例健康体检者(对照组)比较.结果 DD组血浆ADP水平低于DM组、对照组[(3.05±1.07) g/L比(4.06±1.12)、(6.97±1.64) g/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);血浆ADP水平与CRP、HOMA-IR、TC、FPG、SDS呈负相关,而与HDL-C呈正相关;HDL-C和SDS是影响DD组患者血浆ADP水平的独立危险因素.结论 并发抑郁症状的T2DM患者存在更显著的胰岛素抵抗,其血浆ADP水平有特异性的下降;血浆ADP水平的降低是T2DM患者并发抑郁症状的独立危险因素,二者之间存在独立相关性.     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与初诊2型糖尿病患者亚临床动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨初诊2 型糖尿病(T2DM)患者非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与亚临床动脉粥样硬化(subAs)的相关性.方法 将169 例初诊T2DM 患者分为subAs 组和非subAs组,比较2 组间的基本资料、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h 血糖(PBG)、糖化血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.