经皮椎体后凸成形术骨水泥渗漏的CT评价

目的回顾性分析经皮椎体后凸成形术后CT显示骨水泥的渗漏率、渗漏位置及并发症。资料与方法搜集经皮椎体后凸成形术患者资料301例。选择其中有术后CT和X线检查的患者资料33例,后凸成形术椎体共55个,其中胸椎19个,腰椎36个。结果 CT显示骨水泥渗漏较X线平片敏感,其局部骨水泥渗漏发生率为61.82%(34/55)。骨水泥渗漏类型有椎旁静脉20处、椎管内13处、椎间盘13处、椎旁软组织4处。最常见的渗漏位置为椎旁静脉(达58.82%,20/34)。同一椎体也可有不同渗漏类型同时存在。出现肺栓塞2例。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术最常见的骨水泥渗漏位置为椎旁静脉,CT对骨水泥椎管内渗漏的显示具有重要的临床价值。     

Assessment of Local Leakage of Bone Cement After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty By CT Scan

目的 回顾性分析经皮椎体后凸成形术后CT显示骨水泥的渗漏率、渗漏位置及并发症.资料与方法 搜集经皮椎体后凸成形术患者资料301例.选择其中有术后CT和X线检查的患者资料33例,后凸成形术椎体共55个,其中胸椎19个,腰椎36个.结果 CT显示骨水泥渗漏较X线平片敏感,其局部骨水泥渗漏发生率为61.82％(34/55).骨水泥渗漏类型有椎旁静脉20处、椎管内13处、椎间盘13处、椎旁软组织4处.最常见的渗漏位置为椎旁静脉(达58.82％,20/34).同一椎体也可有不同渗漏类型同时存在.出现肺栓塞2例.结论 经皮椎体后凸成形术最常见的骨水泥渗漏位置为椎旁静脉,CT对骨水泥椎管内渗漏的显示具有重要的临床价值.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的安全性和疗效。方法应用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折30例,其中男8例、女22例,年龄55～86岁。共治疗40个椎体:单椎体23例,2个椎体4例,3个椎体3例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间35～138 min,术中球囊扩张压力200～300 psi(1 psi=6.89 kPa),骨水泥注射量2.5～5 ml。1例球囊术中破裂,1例发生椎旁渗漏,2例椎间隙渗漏,1例椎管内渗漏,未出现临床症状。1例术中出现血压、脉搏下降,对症处理后好转。患者疼痛症状得到明显缓解,未见神经损伤等并发症的发生。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折可迅速缓解疼痛、有效恢复骨折椎体高度,明显减少骨水泥渗漏率,这种技术简单、微创、安全、疗效肯定。掌握好椎弓根穿刺、球囊扩张技术以及把握好骨水泥的推注时机等能有效降低并发症的发生。     

椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折64例疗效分析

目的:探讨椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效及并发症。方法:本组对64例患者82病椎行椎体成形术后的疗效和并发症进行分析。结果:有11例发生骨水泥渗漏,1例因骨水泥渗入椎管,形成压迫有神经症状和体征,开放手术取出椎管内骨水泥后缓解,病例采用电话问卷和门诊检查的方式进行,均完整随访到术后6个月以上。其中2例术后三年后因相邻上位椎体发生压缩骨折,再次入院行PKP治疗,其余患者术后疼痛均明显缓解,活动功能均明显改善,患者均对治疗效果满意。结论:经皮椎体成形术是目前治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折最理想的选择。     

经皮椎体成形术后症状性骨水泥椎管内渗漏的个体化治疗选择及疗效评价

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)术后症状性骨水泥椎管内渗漏的外科治疗选择及疗效.方法 采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2016年5月至2020年1月山西省人民医院收治的5例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)行PVP术后骨水泥椎管内渗漏并出现神经症状患者临床资料,其中男1例,女4例;年龄65～82岁[(75.4±7.5)岁]...     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体骨髓瘤9例

目的观察经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体骨髓瘤的临床疗效。方法对9例(15椎)椎体骨髓瘤的患者行经皮椎体成形术,依据WHO标准评定术后疗效。结果本组病例均成功定位穿刺,2例骨水泥渗漏至前方或侧方,1例少量骨水泥渗漏至椎管内静脉丛,1例骨水泥椎间盘内渗漏,除1例偶有疼痛外,均无不适症状出现。经随访6～42个月,手术1周后疼痛均有不同程度缓解并逐步改善,随访期内疗效均保持稳定。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体骨髓瘤,可迅速缓解疼痛、稳定椎体,提高和改善患者的生活质量,是一个微创、安全较理想的治疗手段。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折350例临床研究

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效、术中策略及并发症的预防。方法回顾性研究2004年6月—2010年6月采用经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩骨折350例,术后并发骨水泥渗漏2例术中骨水泥渗漏到椎管内,压迫脊髓神经产生腰背痛及下肢放射性疼痛,于术后12 d及23 d行椎管探查渗漏骨水泥清除术。结果随访12～22个月。VAS评分从术前(9.2±0.6)分到术后(2.3±1.5)分和最终随访(2.6±1.2)分(P<0.05)。Oswestry功能评分由术前(64±8.1)分到术后(25±4.4)分和最终随访(27±3.7)分(P<0.05)。结论椎体成形术(PVP)是微创治疗椎体骨质疏松压缩骨折的有效方法。通过充分的术前准备及术中策略可有效减少并发症的发生。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折采用经皮椎体成形术治疗的临床效果。方法：选择我院2009-06～2011-06收治的骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的患者40例,采用PVP治疗,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：每个椎体平均注射骨水泥4.4 mL。骨水泥椎间盘在术中渗漏1例,术后无下肢神经损伤和血管栓塞症状发生。椎体前方腹腔渗漏1例,术后无特殊不适症状。36例患者术后第2 d即可在腰围保护下离床轻微活动,其它3～5 d陆续可离床活动。术前VAS平均得分（8.6±1.3）,术后平均为（2.1±1.0）,减异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。行平均12个月的随访,无腰背痛加重或椎体高度丢失等情况发生,X线检查椎体内骨水泥无外漏,分布均匀。结论：骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,可减轻患者疼痛反映,降低并发症发生率,改善病情,减少被残率,具有非常重要的临床意义。     

96例经皮椎体后凸成形术后骨水泥渗漏分析

目的回顾性观察经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)发生骨水泥渗漏的影像学特点,探讨PKP治疗OVCF并发骨水泥渗漏对临床疗效的影响。方法 2011年5月~2014年6月行PKP的OVCF患者共278例286个椎体,均行术中C型臂监测、术后X线片及CT检查以明确是否存在骨水泥渗漏,以及骨水泥渗漏的分型。发生骨水泥渗漏的96例102椎作为A组,男性28例,女性68例;年龄47~85岁,平均65.8岁;未发生骨水泥渗漏的182例184椎作为B组,男性48例,女性134例;年龄45~86岁,平均67.3岁。统计学分析比较两组术后椎体高度恢复、Cobb角变化,以及术前、术后、随访时腰背部疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)。结果 A组渗漏入椎管内28椎占27.5%,其中通过椎基静脉孔渗漏为26椎占25.5%,通过破裂的椎弓根渗漏入椎管2例占2.0%;渗漏入椎间隙内32例占31.4%;渗漏入其他部位(椎体侧方前方、椎旁静脉以及经针道渗漏)42例占41.1%。A组骨水泥注入量大于B组,有统计学意义(P0.05),两组术后椎体高度恢复、Cobb角变化以及术前、术后、随访时VAS无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 PKP常发生骨水泥渗漏,可能与注入骨水泥量过多有关;椎基静脉孔和椎体上终板是骨水泥渗漏的主要部位;骨水泥渗漏与椎体高度、Cobb角及患者疼痛缓解关系不明显。     

椎体成形时骨水泥泄漏的影像学表现及其临床意义

目的:探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合剂(骨水泥)泄漏的影像表现特点及其对临床疗效的影响.方法:回顾性分析经皮穿刺椎体成形术和经皮脊柱后凸成形术中发生骨水泥泄漏的33个病例.结果:影像学明显可见的骨水泥泄漏共33例,包括静脉泄漏、椎体旁泄漏、椎管泄漏和针道泄漏等形式,因泄漏造成的不良反应有腰背部疼痛加重5例,咯血2例,腹部神经刺激2例.结论:经皮穿刺椎体成形术时发生骨水泥泄漏的原因主要是引流静脉粗大、椎体的结构破损、穿刺途径偏离和注射时机过早等,少许泄漏一般无严重后果,大量泄漏进入椎管和血管可导致神经压迫和肺动脉栓塞等并发症.     

C形臂X线机与CT联合导向在经皮椎体成形术中的应用

目的探讨在移动式C形臂X线机与16排CT联合导向下,经皮椎体成形术中在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的操作方法及优势。方法将移动式C形臂X线机与16排CT置于同一机房,组成组合机。16排CT扫描病变椎体及相邻椎体,确定穿刺点及穿刺路径,评价术后椎体情况;移动式C形臂X线机实时透视监视注射聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(骨水泥)。结果在组合机引导下对12例单椎体压缩骨折的患者行经皮椎体成形术成功率100%,无并发症发生。结论移动式C形臂X线机与16排CT联合导向在经皮椎体成形术中的操作简便、定位准确、监视实时、导向安全,特别提高了L4椎体平面以上各椎体行椎体成形术的安全性。     

用国产骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术的临床应用

目的　探讨用国产骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术 (PVP)的临床疗效和应用价值。方法　在C臂X线机或CT机引导下 ,采用经皮穿刺向患椎注射国产骨水泥 (PMMA)治疗椎体的骨质疏松性压缩骨折、血管瘤和溶骨性转移瘤患者 2 2例 ,观察其临床疗效及并发症。结果　 2 2例共行PVP治疗 3 0个椎体 ,技术操作成功率为 10 0 % ,其中 2 1例疼痛症状明显缓解 ,临床有效率达到 95 .5 % ;术中有 2 3 .3 %的治疗椎体有骨水泥外溢 ,但均未出现严重不良反应。结论　用国产骨水泥行PVP同样具有微创、安全和疗效显著等特点 ,能有效缓解疼痛和加固椎体 ,且易推广 ,临床应用前景广阔     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折54例

目的:评价经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析老年骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折54例经皮椎体成形术治疗后患者的疗效,其中男4例,女50例,1个椎体15例,2个椎体29例,3个椎体10例(胸椎48个,其中Th1120个,Th1228个;腰椎55个,其中L1和L2各15例,L310例,L45例,L510例)。结果:54例患者,根据WHO疼痛评价标准,术前疼痛分级Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级40例。术后数小时完全缓解45例,术后1周及数周后部分缓解9例。随访半年54例患者手术操作椎体均无复发,患者未发生明显不良反应及并发症。结论:经皮椎体成形术骨水泥治疗老年性骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

国产骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用

目的 探讨应用国产骨水泥行经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用价值.资料与方法 在大型C臂X线机或CT机导引下,应用国产骨水泥采用经单侧椎弓根注射法行PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者60例,观察其临床疗效及并发症.结果 60例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者共106个椎体行PVP治疗,技术成功率100%,其中52例患者疼痛完全缓解(CR);8例患者疼痛部分缓解(PR);总有效率100%.2例出现骨水泥外溢至椎间盘,未出现临床症状,全部病例未出现严重并发症.结论 应用国产骨水泥行PVP术治疗外伤和骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全有效,能明显地缓解疼痛和加固椎体,是一种值得临床推广应用的治疗方法.     

高黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者早期下床活动的效果观察

目的 探讨高黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者早期下床活动的效果.方法 将42例分别采用高黏度和低黏度骨水泥椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的患者分为研究组和对照组各21例,研究组患者术后4h下床活动,8h离床活动,对照组患者术后12h下床活动,24 h离床活动,术后3d内CT复查观察椎旁渗漏和椎体内骨水泥分布情况.用视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、日常生活活动能力评分(Barthel)、压疮风险评分(Braden)和深静脉血栓形成风险评分评价两组效果.结果 两组患者均顺利手术,术后24 h、第7天VAS、Barthel评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后8 h Barthel、Braden评分和深静脉血栓形成风险评分比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),VAS差异无统计学意义.结论 高黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者PVP术后早期下床活动能有效提高患者的日常生活活动能力,减少压疮和深静脉血栓形成的风险,减轻护士和家属的负担.     

Severe kyphotic deformity resulting from collapses of cemented and adjacent vertebrae following percutaneous vertebroplasty using calcium phosphate cement. A case report

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been increasingly performed for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Despite its minimally invasive procedure, several complications associated with PVP have been reported, including adjacent-level vertebral fracture. Although rare, recollapse of the same vertebrae after PVP has also been reported. However, previous studies have not described a case in which collapses of both the cemented vertebrae and adjacent-level vertebrae occurred following PVP. Here, we report a rare case of severe kyphotic deformity resulting from collapses at the cemented and adjacent vertebrae after PVP using calcium phosphate cement (CPC). The patient required a highly invasive reconstruction procedure as a salvage surgery.     

Vertebroplasty in the treatment of back pain

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to show the utility of vertebroplasty in the treatment of some types of back pain. Vertebroplasty is a venous embolisation of the vertebral body performed under computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy guidance with transpedicular, anterolateral, intercostovertebral or posterolateral approach with acrylic cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report our experience in 85 patients suffering from low back and thoracic pain and treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty owing to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, vertebral haemangiomas or secondary lytic lesions of the spine. Patient selection was performed on the basis of physical examination, magnetic resonance or less frequently, with bone scan. CT has a minor role in selected cases to evaluate the integrity of the posterior wall. We treated 55 patients affected by acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, 10 patients with vertebral haemangioma and 20 patients with metastatic lesions. The patients were placed in the prone position and the procedure was performed under fluoroscopy guidance in 80 patients and under CT guidance in 5 patients affected by metastatic lesions. In no cases was phlebography performed before the treatment. The approach adopted was bilateral in 45 patients and unilateral in the remaining 30 cases. Injection with a low viscosity cement was performed under fluoroscopy guidance with extreme precision in all cases. The amount of cement injected ranged from 4 ml (thoracic level) up to 12 ml (lumbar level). RESULTS: The results were better for osteoporotic cases (95%) and patients with vertebral haemangioma (90%) than with metastatic lesions (77%), with improvement within 24-72 hours after the treatment. We noted asymptomatic cement leakage in 39 cases but only in 2 cases was there an acute radiculopathy due to epidural cement leakage, which was treated and resolved medically in 1 month. At follow-up no cases were noted of fractures of vertebral bodies adjacent to the treated vertebrae. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Since the first case of vertebroplasty was used in vertebral haemangioma, the possibility of using this technique in other pathological conditions such as metastatic lesions and osteoporotic compression fractures has been clear. MR has a key role in the selection of patients while bone scan and CT can be useful in selected cases. Absolute controindication is local or systemic infection while relative controindications are epidural extension of the neoplastic lesion, vertebra plana, clinical signs of myelopathy or radiculopathy and coagulation disorders. The results of our study were better in patients treated for osteoporosis or haemangioma than in cancer patients. We consider percutaneous vertebroplasty a valid technique for the treatment of the pain due to osteoporotic compression fractures, vertebral haemangiomas or metastatic lesions.     

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Compression Fracture: Multivariate Study of Predictors of New Vertebral Body Fracture

Purpose To investigate the risk factors and relative risk of new compression fractures following vertebroplasty. Methods Initially, we enrolled 104 consecutive patients with vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis. A total of 83 of the 104 patients visited our hospital for follow-up examinations for more than 4 weeks after vertebroplasty. Logistic regression analysis of the data obtained from these 83 patients was used to determine relative risks of recurrent compression fractures, using 13 different factors. Results We identified 59 new fractures in 30 of the 83 patients: 41 new fractures in vertebrae adjacent to treated vertebrae; and 18 new fractures in vertebrae not adjacent to treated vertebrae. New fractures occurred in vertebrae adjacent to treated vertebrae significantly more frequently than in vertebrae not adjacent to treated vertebrae. Only cement leakage into the disk was a significant predictor of new vertebral body fracture after vertebroplasty (odds ratio = 4.633). None of the following covariates were associated with increased risk of new fracture: age, gender, bone mineral density, the number of vertebroplasty procedures, the number of vertebrae treated per procedure, the cumulative number of vertebrae treated, the presence of a single untreated vertebra between treated vertebrae, the presence of multiple untreated vertebrae between treated vertebrae, the amount of bone cement injected per procedure, the cumulative amount of bone cement injected, cement leakage into the soft tissue around the vertebra, and cement leakage into the vein.