基于MOS和SAW传感器呼吸诊断肺癌的复合识别算法研究

目前国际上有关肺癌的呼吸检测诊断方法越来越受到关注,其具有简便、快速、无创伤、无标记以及非接触等显著特点。在前期大量肺癌呼出气体挥发性有机物(VOCs)标志物研究的基础上,采用基于MOS-SAW传感器联用的电子鼻技术,分析27例肺癌患者和27例健康人呼出气体样本,并对数据进行处理和识别,设计PCA、PLS、LDA以及ANN等多种诊断方法,比较不同算法的识别结果。实验结果表明,采用的人工神经网络复合模型对肺癌和健康人群的识别灵敏度和特异性分别达到92.59%和88.89%。所提出的复合识别方法对于电子鼻快速诊断肺癌患者是有效的。通过呼出气体中冷凝物标志物的检测和复合诊断算法,将进一步提高通过呼吸气体标志物诊断的新型电子鼻仪器在临床诊断中的广泛应用。     

口腔挥发性硫化物水平与牙周炎及舌苔的相关性研究

目的 研究口气中挥发性硫化物(VSC)与牙周临床指标及舌苔的相关性.方法 采用鼻闻法评定口臭值(OS),筛选出口臭值≥2,全身健康牙周炎患者50例.使用便携式气相色谱仪(Oral ChromaTM)检测每例患者口气中硫化氢(H2S)、甲基硫醇(CH3SH)、二甲基硫[(CH3)2S]的浓度.记录牙周袋探诊深度(PD),出血指数(BI),菌斑指数(PLI)以及舌苔厚度(Tt)与舌苔面积(Ta).结果 口臭值(3.28±0.75)与VSC中硫化氢、甲基硫醇、二甲基硫的水平[(810.30±204.09、234.53±113.88、21.45±13.12)μg/L]呈正相关(r=0.456、r=0.386、r=0.325,均P＜0.05).与PLI、BI也呈正相关(r=0.528,r=0.558,均P＜0.05).硫化氢与PD、BI间呈正相关(r=0.356,r=0.306,均P＜0.05).甲基硫醇与PLI、PD、BI均呈正相关(r=0.416、r=0.407、r=0.489,均P＜0.05).二甲基硫与PD、BI间均呈正相关(r=0.369,r=0.443,均P＜0.05).口臭值、硫化氢与舌苔面积、舌苔厚度均呈正相关(P＜0.05).甲基硫醇与舌苔厚度呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 口气挥发性硫化物中二甲基硫可能主要来源于牙周袋,而硫化氢和甲基硫醇则可能来源于牙周炎与舌苔.     

基于模型的人体运动参数检测

人体运动参数检测是生成人体运动计算机仿真演示和控制拟人机器人运动的主要手段。近年来针对这种检测方法国内外研究人员展开了广泛的研究。本文介绍了基于模型的人体运动参数检测方法的研究现状 ,为人体仿生学和拟人机器人等领域的科学研究提供依据     

七项生物标志物联合检测对胰腺癌诊断的意义

探讨七项生物标志物联合分析对胰腺癌诊断的价值.采用CLIA、ELISA、凝固点检测法和生物化学分析法对125例胰腺癌患者、48例胰腺癌肝转移患者、40例胰腺良性肿瘤患者及60名正常人测定CA19-9、CA242、CEA、β2-MG、PALB、Fib和D-D水平,并分析其临床诊断价值.结果表明,CA19-9、CA242、CEA、β2-MG、PALB、Fib和D-D联合检测可使胰腺癌诊断的敏感性提高至96.0%.对不同的组织学分级,Fib差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05),而CA19-9、CA242、CEA、β2-MG、PALB和D-D差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).胰腺癌及胰腺癌肝转移患者CA19-9、CA242、CEA、β2-MG、Fib和D-D水平均升高,而PALB降低;联合检测可提高胰腺癌诊断的敏感性.     

基于虚拟气体传感器阵列的新型肺癌检测电子鼻实验研究

本研究介绍了一种新型的基于虚拟气体传感器阵列及图象识别方法的新型无创肺癌检测与诊断电子鼻。该电子鼻包含一个由固相微萃取和毛细管柱组成的前处理装置实现病人呼吸气体中有机气体成分的浓缩吸附、脱附和分离,通过一个表面涂覆聚异丁稀薄膜差动结构的声表面波传感器对分离后的有机气体成分进行定量检测。此外,采用由毛细管柱方法实现的虚拟气体传感器阵列及改进的人工神经网络算法实现对肺癌呼吸气味图像的有效识别。通过临床实验验证,表明该电子鼻仪器可以有效地识别出肺癌患者、肺癌疑似病人和健康人,因此将有望在包括肺癌等疾病的早期诊断仪器中发挥重要的作用。     

血清标志物联合检测对非小细胞肺癌临床诊断的意义

目的 探讨血清肿瘤标志物NSE、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CA19-9、CEA和LDH联合检测在老年非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer,NSCLC)早期诊断中的临床价值.方法 采用电化学发光和酶法检测160例老年非小细胞肺癌、157例肺良性病及158例健康体检者的神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),并进行相关数据整理和比较.结果 老年NSCLC组各项结果均高于肺良性病和健康体检者(P＜0.05),并且男性CYFRA21-l和CEA水平高于女性(P＜0.05);TNM分期中T3/T4期和临床Ⅲ／Ⅳ期的6种肿瘤标志物表达水平均分别高于T1/T2期和I／Ⅱ期,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析6种指标与老年NSCLC的早期诊断一定的相关性,6种血清指标联合检测的曲线下面积AUC值最大为0.893,其联合诊断效能最高,并且检测结果的阳性率和灵敏度均高于单项检测,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 NSE、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CA19-9、CEA和LDH六种指标在老年NSCLC患者中异常高表达,且与NSCLC的临床分期和TNM分期显著正相关,NSE、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CA19-9、CEA和LDH六种指标联合检测可显著提高诊断的诊断效能灵敏度和阳性率,对老年NSCLC的早期诊断、治疗监测和预后判断具有重要的参考价值.     

联合检测肿瘤标志物对原发性肝细胞癌的诊断价值

肝细胞癌(HCC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,与肝硬化密切相关,早期多无特异性症状,患者就诊时往往多已发现是肝癌晚期,失去有效的治疗手段和时机.因此早期诊断对HCC的临床转归和预后就非常关键.     

肿瘤标志物PSA和PSCA联合检测在前列腺癌诊断中的相关研究

目的 探讨外周血中前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)单独或联合检测对于前列腺癌的临床诊断价值.方法 选取100名健康者(非患者组)、91例前列腺增生患者(BPH组)和84例前列腺癌患者(PCA组)作为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组血清中PSA和PSCA的含量,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价单独或联合检测PSA和PSCA对前列腺癌的诊断价值.结果 BPH组和PCA组血清中PSA和PSCA含量显著高于非患者组(P<0.01),PCA组中PSA和PSCA含量显著高于BPH组(P<0.01).PSA、PSCA单独或联合检测区分非患者和BPH患者的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.690(95%CI为0.615~0.766),0.700(95%CI为0.673~0.814)和0.898(95%CI为0.854~0.943),表明两指标单独或联合检测对于BPH患者具有一定的诊断意义;区分非患者和PCA患者的曲线下面积分别为0.867(95%CI为0.813~0.921),0.904(95%CI为0.858~0.951)和0.973(95%CI为0.944~1.000),表明PSA、PSCA单独或联合检测对于PCA诊断具有较高的价值;区分BPH患者和PCA患者的曲线下面积分别为0.687(95%CI为0.608~0.766),0.818(95%CI为0.752~0.884)和0.862(95%CI为0.803~0.920),表明在区分BPH和PCA的诊断中,二者单独检测均具有一定价值,且联合检测具有较高的临床诊断意义.结论 血清PSA和PSCA单独或联合检测对于BPH和PCA均具有临床诊断价值,并且联合检测的诊断价值更高.     

蛋白芯片检测多肿瘤标志物及对三种癌症的诊断价值

本文研究多肿瘤标志物(TM)联合定量检测对肝癌、胰腺癌和卵巢癌的临床应用价值。方法:采用蛋白芯片检测系统(C12),定量测定48例肝癌患者(A组)、29例胰腺癌患者(B组)、42例卵巢癌患者(C组)及74例良性相关疾病患者(D组)和66名正常人(对照组)血清中的12种肿瘤标志物,包括CA199、AFP、NSE、fPSA、CEA、PSA、CA242、CA125、CA153、铁蛋白、HGH和βHCG。结果表明:①A组AFP、CA125、铁蛋白、CEA、CA199和CA242的检测结果较D组和对照组有极其显著性差异(P<0.01)。βHCG有显著性差异(P<0.05)。本组联合检测的灵敏度为89.5%,特异性为87.32%,阳性预测值为70.49%,阴性预测值为96.12%,准确度为87.89%;②B组CA199、CA125、CA242、铁蛋白和CEA的检测结果较D组和对照组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。本组联合检测的灵敏度为82.76%,特异性为87.32%,阳性预测值为57.14%,阴性预测值为96.12%,准确度为86.55%;③C组CA125、铁蛋白、CEA、CA153、和CA242的检测结果较D组和对照组有极其显著性差异(P<0.01),CA199较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。本组联合检测的灵敏度为80.95%,特异性为87.32%,阳性预测为65.38%,阴性预测值为93.94%,准确度为85.87%。总之多肿瘤标志物C12联合检测可提高相应肿瘤诊断的阳性率,不同类型的肿瘤选用相应多种肿瘤标志物联合检测,这样可为体检人群患癌症的早期筛查、术前和术后的临床跟踪等提供很好的依据。     

基于生物雷达的人体步态非接触检测技术研究进展

人体步态是一个全身肌肉骨骼协调运行的复杂机制,具有特异性,可作为身份识别或临床疾病诊断的依据,在灾害救援、战场救护、反恐安保及医疗卫生等领域有着广泛的应用价值.传统的步态非接触检测技术主要包括光学图像和超声等,其易受光线、能见度及障碍物等因素影响.近年来,生物雷达技术发展迅猛,基于生物雷达的人体步态信号非接触检测技术更具优势,主要表现在:不受光线影响,可全天候识别;可穿透衣物、伪装甚至墙壁;可在烟、尘、雾等能见度低的天气条件下使用等.论述了生物雷达技术非接触检测人体步态的技术原理和方法,综述其研究现状,并对其发展趋势进行展望.     

呼气分析技术及其在临床诊断中的应用研究进展

呼气分析技术是一种通过检测呼出气体中特征性成分的变化,从而为临床诊断提供辅助信息的检查方法.与传统方法相比,该技术具有无创伤、简捷、易实现等优点,在疾病的早期诊断与筛查过程中具有巨大潜力,但在临床医学实际应用中尚存在一些问题亟待解决.阐述呼气分析技术中呼气采集、检测方法以及在疾病诊断中的应用等三方面内容,对国内外呼吸诊...     

The Effect of Bamboo Leaf Extract Solution and Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Solution on Growth and Volatile Sulfur Compounds Production of Oral Malodor Associated Some Anaerobic Periodontal Bacteria

Background

Bamboo leaf extract solution (BLES) and sodium copper chlorophyllin solution (SCCS) are known for their anti-oxidant activities. Oral malodor is often related with periodontal pathogens. The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-bacterial effect of both BLES and SCCS on anaerobic periodontal bacteria producing oral malodorous volatile sulfur compounds (VSC).

Methods

Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 (PG), Prevotella intermidai TDC19B (PI), Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC25586 (FN) and Prevotella nigrescence ATCC33563 (PN) were investigated as oral isolated bacteria. VSC production ability of the oral strains was investigated by gas chromatography. With serial dilution of BLES or SCCS, the strains PG, PI, FN or PN were cultured anaerobically with AnaeroPack at 37 ℃ for 3 days. For the determination of anti-bacterial action of BLES or SCCS, the inoculum was cultured with original concentrations of BLES 0.16% (w/v) or SCCS 0.25% (w/v).

Results

Gas chromatography exhibited that all strains, PG, PI, FN and PN were responsible for producing a high range of H₂S and a moderate range of CH₃SH. Anti-bacterial effect of BLES or SCCS on the strains was observed. Inhibition of BLES or SCCS on the strains was revealed as concentration dependent. BLES or SCCS inhibited bacterial proliferation at higher concentrations (PG; 0.04% BLES or 0.03% SCCS, PI; 0.002% BLES or 0.03% SCCS, FN; 0.005% BLES or 0.01% SCCS, PN; 0.01% BLES or 0.015% SCCS). No viable bacterial colony observed at original concentration of BLES 0.16% or SCCS 0.25%. Strain growth was eliminated from inhibition at lower concentrations (PG; 0.02% BLES or 0.015% SCCS, PI; 0.001% BLES or 0.015% SCCS, FN; 0.002% BLES or 0.007% SCCS, PN; 0.005% BLES or 0.007% SCCS).

Conclusion

High concentrations of both BLES (0.16%) and SCCS (0.25%) show superior inhibiting capability on all four oral malodor associated periodontal anaerobes during testing, suggesting that these compounds might have a beneficial effect on oral health care.     

Hydrogen Peroxide in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) vs Eosinophil Count in Induced Sputum (IS) in Parenchymal vs Airways Lung Diseases"

We compared exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and induced sputum (IS) for assessing inflammation in pulmonary diseases in patients with obstructive lung disease (n = 20), persistent cough >6 months (n = 20), interstitial lung disease (n = 25) and controls (n = 10). EBC was collected by suspending a Teflon perfluoroalkoxy tube installed in an ice-filled container and connected to a polypropylene test tube. IS was recovered after 20’ inhalation of 3% saline with an ultrasonic nebulizer, and 300 cells were differentially counted in cytospin Giemsa-stained slides. H₂0₂ was measured by a method based on oxidation of phenolsulfonphthalein (phenol red) mediated by horseradish peroxidases and H₂0₂. Pulmonary function tests were performed by conventional methods. H₂0₂ levels in EBC and % eosinophils in IS were significantly different between groups. A positive and significant correlation was found between % eosinophils in IS and the levels of H₂0₂ in EBC for each group and for all patients combined.     

Exhaled nitric oxide and biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate indicate the presence, severity and control of childhood asthma

BACKGROUND: Exhaled nitric oxide and inflammatory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate may be useful to diagnose and monitor childhood asthma. Their ability to indicate an asthma diagnosis, and to assess asthma severity and control, is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study (1) the ability of exhaled nitric oxide and inflammatory markers in exhaled breath condensate (nitrite, nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostane, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, -4, -5, -10 and acidity) to discriminate between childhood asthma and controls. (2) The ability of these biomarkers to indicate asthma severity and control. METHODS: One-hundred and fourteen children were included: 64 asthmatics (10.7+/-3.0 years, 67.2% atopic) and 50 controls (10.0+/-0.4 years). Condensate was collected using a glass condenser. RESULTS: Exhaled nitric oxide, IFN-gamma and IL-4 in exhaled breath condensate differed significantly between asthma and controls. Multivariate backward logistic regression models demonstrated that IL-4 (odds ratio 7.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2-51.0) was the only significant indicator of an asthma diagnosis. Asthma control was best assessed by exhaled nitric oxide, 8-isoprostane, IFN-gamma and IL-4 (sensitivity 82%, specificity 80%, P<0.05), whereas exhaled nitric oxide, 8-isoprostane, nitrate and nitrite in condensate were the best indicators of asthma severity (sensitivity 89%, specificity 72%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Different markers in condensate are of an additional value to exhaled nitric oxide, and are needed in non-invasive inflammometry. They could be useful to diagnose asthma and to indicate asthma control and severity in childhood.     

大学生口腔粘膜病患者心理状况调查及其心理社会因素分析

目的了解大学生口腔粘膜病患者的心理状况及其与心理社会因素的关系,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法选取96名口腔粘膜病大学生患者作为研究组,分别进行症状自评量表（SCL-90）和自编心理社会因素问卷测查。结果 1大学生口腔粘膜病患者存在不同程度的心理问题,心理问题检出率为9.4%～43.8%;2SCL-90各因子与测查的心理社会因素各因子成不同程度的相关;3研究组与对照组在心理社会因素各因子上存在显著性差异（P〈0.001）。结论大学生口腔粘膜病患者的心理问题不可忽视,临床治疗中要心身兼治。     

External validation of exhaled breath profiling using an electronic nose in the discrimination of asthma with fixed airways obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Fixed airflow limitation can be found both in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), posing a day‐to‐day diagnostic challenge. Objective We aimed to determine the external validity of metabolomic analysis of exhaled air by electronic nose for distinguishing asthma and COPD in patients with fixed airways obstruction. Methods One hundred patients were included in a cross‐sectional design: 60 asthma patients: 21 with fixed airways obstruction (fixed asthma), 39 with reversible airways obstruction (classic asthma) and 40 COPD patients (GOLD stages II–III). Standardized sampling of exhaled breath was performed and volatile organic compounds were captured using an electronic nose resulting in breathprints. External validity in newly recruited patients (validation sets) was tested using a previous and independent training set. Breathprints were analysed by principal component and canonical discriminant analysis and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves. Results External validity of breathprints showed 88% accuracy for distinguishing fixed asthma from COPD (AUC 0.95, 95% CI 0.84–1.00, sensitivity 85%, specificity 90%) and 83% for classic asthma (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–1.00, sensitivity 91%, specificity 90%) (both P<0.001). Discriminative accuracy was not confounded by current smoking. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance External validation of exhaled breath molecular profiling shows high accuracy in distinguishing asthma and COPD in newly recruited patients with fixed airways obstruction. Exhaled air analysis may therefore reduce misdiagnosis in obstructive airways diseases, potentially leading to more appropriate management. Cite this as: N. Fens, A. C. Roldaan, M. P. van der Schee, R. J. Boksem, A. H. Zwinderman, E. H. Bel and P. J. Sterk, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1371–1378.     

The Effect of Intensive Oral Hygiene Care on Gingivitis and Periodontal Destruction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral hygiene care by oral professionals on periodontal health in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods

Diabetic participants were recruited at a university hospital and matched at a 1:1 ratio by age and gender, and randomly allocated into intervention (40 people) and control groups (35 people). Tooth brushing instruction, oral health education, and supra-gingival scaling were implemented in all patients at baseline. This program was repeatedly conducted in intervention patients every month for 6 months, and twice at baseline and the sixth month in the control. Oral health was measured by decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), plaque index, calculus index, bleeding index, patient hygiene performance (PHP) index, tooth mobility, Russel''s periodontal index, and community periodontal index (CPI). Diabetes-related factors, oral and general health behaviors, and sociodemographic factors were interviewed as other confounding factors. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used with SPSS for Windows 14.0.

Results

At baseline, there were no significant differences between the two groups in average of periodontal health (calculus index, bleeding index, Russel''s periodontal index, CPI, and tooth mobility), diabetes-related factors (fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c), and in distribution of sociodemographic factors and health behaviors. In intervention group, plaque index, dental calculus index, bleeding index, and PHP index were reduced fairly and steadily from the baseline. There were significant differences in plaque index, dental calculus index, bleeding index, PHP index, and Russel''s periodontal index between the two groups at sixth month after adjusted for baseline status.

Conclusion

Intensive oral hygiene care can persistently improve oral inflammation status and could slow periodontal deterioration.