急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗老年急性心肌梗塞30例

目的：观察老年急性心肌梗塞急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的疗效及安全性。方法：对３０例老年急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者其中男２５人，女５人，行急诊ＰＴＣＡ治疗。结果：共扩张梗塞相关血管３０支，成功率９０％。血管狭窄由术前平均９６．７％±５．３％减少到术后１１．１％±８．９％。４例合并心源性休克，３例成功。２例急性冠状动脉闭塞，其中１例经冠脉内注射硝酸甘油缓解，另１例经静脉溶栓无效死亡。失败的３例均为完全闭塞性病变，１例为球囊未通过病变处，另２例均为导丝未能通过病变处。结论：对无禁忌证的老年ＡＭＩ患者行急诊ＰＴＣＡ治疗是安全有效的。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术致急性冠脉闭塞处理初步探讨

我科自１９９３年４月￣１９９６年５月间完成经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术３０例，其中发生急性冠状动脉闭塞７例，５例经处理血管获得再通。急性血管闭塞易出现于急性心肌梗塞，不稳定性心绞痛以及Ｂ，Ｃ型复杂病变的ＰＴＣＡ。采取再ＰＴＣＡ或置入冠状动脉内支架是处理急性冠脉闭塞的最有效措施。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术操作特点探讨

我院近年急诊ＰＴＣＡ２５例，成功２２例，５例出现急性冠状动脉闭塞，死亡１例，完全闭塞血管的ＰＴＣＡ尽可能选用尖端柔软的导引钢丝。首次扩张宜选择最小直径的球囊导管。足够长度的球囊不仅可以充分地扩张病变，而且可以对病变两端的血栓予以充分的压挤，扩张不满意，则考虑扩张时间延长，但病变处分血栓形成，则不宜长时间扩张，如出现急性闭塞则用原囊行再ＰＴＣＡ〉数次ＰＴＣＡ不能解决冠脉闭塞，则用灌注球囊行低压扩张，     

冠状动脉内支架在冠心病治疗中的应用

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）是治疗冠心病的有效方法之一。但是，术中急性闭塞发生率达２．２％，术后再狭窄率高达３０％～５０％。以往一旦发生冠状动脉急性闭塞，则需急诊行冠状动脉旁路手术。近年研究表明，血管内支架植入术不仅可治疗ＰＴＣＡ术中发生的急性...     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床应用

经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）已是临床治疗冠心病的有效方法之一,但术中所有并发的血管内膜撕裂,夹层形成甚至急性闭塞以及术后的狭窄等仍是限制该技术应用和影响其近期疗效的重要因素［１］。据报道,近年来临床开发应用的冠状动脉内支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ）可显著降低ＰＴＣＡ术中严重并发症及术后再狭窄的发生率［２］。本文报道３１例复杂冠状动脉病变行ＣＡＳＩ的患者,并就其临床应用作一评价。对象与方法一、对象：男２９例,女２例;年龄５９．２±１０．．（４８～８４）岁。于１９９Ｇ年１月～１９８８年２月进行ＡＳＩ,选择…     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和冠脉内支架植入术初步应用

目的 探讨冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ）在冠心病中应用。方法 按Ｇｒｕｅｎｔｚｒｉｇ方法对７例冠心病患者的７支血管行ＰＴＣＡ或支架植入术。结果 行ＰＴＣＡ治疗４例、ＰＴＣＡ＋ＣＡＳＩ２例，直接ＣＡＳＩ１例、ＰＴＣＡ未成功１例，共扩张病变血管７处。达到完全性血运重建２例、部分血运重建４例，术中出现严重内膜撕裂１例冠心病无死亡病例，术后随访６例心绞痛完全消失，心功能明显改善。未成功     

25例冠状动脉内支架植入的近期疗效与随访结果

总结冠状动脉内支架的临床应用结果改进操作方法，提高疗效。方法：化皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）基础上经心导管技术植入冠状动脉内支架。２５例冠心病患者共植入３１个冠状动脉内支架，２例用于ＰＴＣＡ产发的急性冠状动脉闭塞，２３例预防ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄。其中１例植入３个支架，４例植入２个。结果：３１个支架植入均获成功。无重要并发症。所有病人的心电图相关导联缺血性ＳＴ－Ｔ改变和症状在术后均显著地改善或消失     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和支架植入术的临床应用

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和支架植入术是缺血性心脏病目前非药物治疗的主要手段之一，其安全性和有效性已广泛被患者和医生接受。ＰＴＣＡ出现急性闭塞和术后较高的再狭窄率限制了其临床应用，而支架植入术可减少并发症，增强其安全性［１］。我们通过４６例ＰＴＣＡ和支架植入术临床分析，探讨术中器材选择和植入方法的临床体会。１　资料和方法１．１　一般资料　１９９７年１１月～１９９８年６月４６例冠心病患者接受ＰＴＣＡ和支架植入术，其中男２７例，女１９例，年龄３８～７２岁。急性心肌梗死恢复期（病后３～６周）２…     

经皮冠状动脉腔内支架植入术后的抗凝护理

经皮冠状动脉腔内支架植入术是建立在经皮穿刺冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的基础上,在球囊扩张后的原狭窄部位植入金属支架起到支撑血管壁和防止ＰＴＣＡ术后血管急性闭塞、夹层形成和慢性再狭窄的作用,是冠心病介入治疗新的有效手段。因支架植入部位易发生急性或亚急性血栓,因此在术前、术中、术后均需用抗凝剂治疗,以防止血栓形成。抗凝剂最主要的并发症就是引起出血,因此我们在抗凝治疗方面的护理尤为重要。现将护理体会介绍如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料我院自１９９４年９月至２０００年８月共行ＰＴＣＡ及支架术７８例,男…     

冠状动脉内支架植入术的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内支架植入术在临床上的应用价值。方法８例冠心病患者，经冠状动脉造影证实４例为前降支（ＬＡＤ）近端狭窄，４例为右冠状动脉（ＲＣＡ）中段或近端狭窄。先对狭窄部进行经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ），３例因内膜撕裂，１例因动脉夹层形成，２例因血管弹性回缩及２例为预防再狭窄而在扩张处植入了冠状动脉内支架（其中Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｂｉｎ支架２个，ＮＩＲ支架６个）。结果８例患者冠状动脉内支架植入均获得成功，无并发症。１例患者仍有较轻的心绞痛发作，药物能够控制，其余患者心绞痛症状均完全消失。结论冠状动脉内支架可以安全地应用于临床，以治疗ＰＴＣＡ时因血管损伤引起的急性并发症及降低ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.