Trends of overweight and obesity in Yi people between 1996 and 2007: an Yi migrant study

Objective To evaluate trends of overweight and obesity prevalence between 1996 and 2007 in Yi farmers and Yi migrants.Methods An Yi migrant study was conducted in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,China from 1996 to 2007.Data were collected with identical methods,including standardized questionnaire and body measurements.Results Age‐ and sex‐specific body mass index (BMI) significantly increased from 20.02 in 1996 to 22.36 in 2007,among Yi farmers,which was significantly different from tho...     

济南市中青年超重肥胖现状及饮食行为分析

目的 了解济南市中青年人群肥胖发生现状及饮食行为,为在饮食干预上控制超重肥胖提供参考.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,调查济南市18～59周岁居民,测量身高、体重,计算BMI值;询问调查饮食行为.采用SPSS11.5软件对中青年肥胖现状和相关行为进行分析.结果 青年组、中年组超重肥胖现患率分别为21.56%和33.46%,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.01);青年组的超重肥胖现患率男女之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).超重肥胖者的不良饮食行为发生率高于体重正常者(P＜0.01),女性比男性更注意食物合理搭配、进食速度等.结论 济南市中青年人群的超重肥胖问题比较严重;超重肥胖与不良的饮食行为密切相关.     

超重及肥胖患者血清IL-6和C-反应蛋白水平的检测分析

目的探讨在超重及肥胖患者中,血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）水平变化及意义。方法选择37例正常体重者和42例超重及肥胖患者,常规测量血压、体重、身高,计算体重指数,抽取空腹静脉血检测其血糖、血脂、胰岛索、IL-6、CRP。结果与正常体重人群相比,在超重及肥胖患者中,收缩压、甘油三酯、IL-5及CRP水平均高于正常体重组（P〈0．05）。在超重及肥胖患者中,血清IL-6、CRP水平均与肥胖相关指数呈正相关。结论在超重及肥胖人群中,血清IL-6、CRP水平增高与体重指数呈正相关,超重及肥胖与炎症密切相关。     

中国9～11岁小学生体育锻炼、静态行为和超重与肥胖的关系

目的：研究全国9~11岁小学生体育锻炼、静态行为和超重与肥胖的关系,并探索是否存在性别差异以及各省的异质性,为预防和控制超重与肥胖提供科学依据。方法： 选取2010年全国学生体质健康调研资料中40 692名9~11岁汉族小学生,利用学生的身高、体重数据以及体育锻炼、视屏行为以及做家庭作业的时间数据,在不同性别的学生中分析体育锻炼、静态行为与超重与肥胖的关系,并采用Meta分析检验这些相关性在各省之间的异质性。结果： 男生的超重与肥胖检出率高于女生（分别为27.1%和12.9%）,城市学生的超重与肥胖检出率高于农村学生（分别为23.8%和15.6%）,学生超重与肥胖检出率在“好”、“中”、“差”3类经济片区中分别为22.6%,19.2%和17.5%。男生每天体育锻炼时间≤1 h的学生的超重与肥胖率高于每天体育锻炼时间>1 h的学生,OR值为1.09（95%CI：1.02, 1.17）。女生每天视屏行为时间＞1 h、每天做家庭作业的时间＞2 h是超重与肥胖的危险因素,OR值分别为1.13（95%CI：1.02, 1.26）、1.18（95%CI：1.03, 1.35）,女生每天静态行为时间＞135 min的学生超重与肥胖率较高,OR值为1.19（95%CI：1.08, 1.33）。男生每天体育锻炼时间≤1 h、女生每天静态行为时间＞135 min对超重与肥胖的OR值在各省之间的异质性差异均没有统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论：小学生体育锻炼、静态行为时间和超重与肥胖有关,其关联存在性别差异,没有发现各省之间的异质性,未来应该针对不同性别的特点开展肥胖防控工作。     

凉山州彝族外出民工患精神障碍的调查分析

目的:探讨凉山州彝族外出务工人员的精神障碍患病率高的原因及可能解释。方法:对914例外出彝族务工者进行问卷性调查,并在初筛后使用PANSS及SDS、SAS量表进行评定。结果:914例中,取样895例,并发现精神障碍患病率为19.8%,有178例出现各样精神问题,其与山东、青岛、甘肃天水的调查报告中除酒精问题的精神障碍的患病率高(P<0.05),与青海的相比差异更为明显(P<0.001)。结论:凉山地区由于历史,宗教信仰,民族生活习惯,语言交流,文化程度等因素,致凉山彝族外出务工者患精神障碍较高。     

西南地区中老年人群超重及肥胖流行状况与影响因素分析

目的：探讨西南地区中老年人群超重及肥胖流行状况与影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,采取问卷调查和体格检查相结合的方式,共收集2008～2010年重庆及成都地区城乡40～79岁常住居民（ n＝7205）的有效数据,包括年龄、腰围、臀围、舒张压、心率、餐后血糖、三酰甘油、锻炼频率、尿酸等调查内容,描述西南地区中老年人超重、肥胖的患病率及在城乡、男女人群中的分布特点,探讨超重及肥胖的相关影响因素。结果2008～2010年西南地区中老年人超重率为35．91％（城市37．02％,农村32．92％,男性33．84％,女性37．41％）;肥胖率为11．40％（城市11．13％,农村11．40％;男性8．94％,女性12．84％）;其中,城市超重率高于农村,女性超重率高于男性。女性肥胖率高于男性（ P＜0．01）,城乡肥胖率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。多因素回归分析显示,缺乏运动、超重或肥胖家族史是男性超重及肥胖的危险因素,城乡差异、缺乏运动是女性超重及肥胖的危险因素。结论西南地区中老年人群超重、肥胖率高,有接近一半的人体质量超过正常标准。应在社区加强超重及肥胖相关的健康教育,遏制该地区人群超重、肥胖的严峻形势,对于心脑血管疾病防治有着重要意义。     

3387名卫生学校学生超重、肥胖率和对肥胖危害认知情况的调查

目的 调查廊坊市卫生学校学生超重、肥胖及超重、肥胖学生对肥胖危害认知情况,为干预超重、肥胖提供依据.方法 测量身高、体重,计算学生超重率、肥胖率;自制问卷调查超重、肥胖学生对肥胖危害的认知情况.结果 城市学生超重率为15.12%,肥胖率为5.81%;农村学生超重率为13.57%,肥胖率为4.01%,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）.男生超重率为16.87%,肥胖率为6.26%,女生超重率为12.86%,肥胖率为3.62%;男生对于自身超重或肥胖的认知率为51.76%,明显低于女生（91.76%）,差异均有高度统计学意义（P 〈 0.01）.结论 廊坊市卫生学校学生超重、肥胖的发生率较高,城乡差异不明显,男生超重率、肥胖率高于女生,学生对于超重、肥胖的危害认识不足,采取减重措施比例偏低.     

五指山市居民肥胖与主要慢性病的关联性

目的 探讨五指山市居民肥胖与主要慢性病的关联度,为慢性病防控提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段抽样方法抽取18岁以上常驻居民2 425例进行问卷调查、体格测量、血糖和血脂检测,分析肥胖和主要慢性病的相关性。结果 黎族地区居民的主要超重、肥胖和中心型肥胖率分别为24.4%、5.7%和9.1%。超重和肥胖在年龄、民族、文化程度和婚姻等因素间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,中心性肥胖在性别、年龄、民族和婚姻等因素间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示超重患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险是体重正常者的1.7倍（OR=1.7,95%CI=1.3~2.1）、1.4倍（OR=1.4,95%CI=0.9~2.1）和2.1倍（OR=2.1,95%CI=1.7~2.6）,肥胖患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险是体重正常者的2.9倍（OR=2.9,95%CI=1.9~4.5）、2.1倍（OR=2.1,95%CI=1.1~4.0）和4.8倍（OR=4.8,95%CI=3.2~7.3）;中心性肥胖患高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常的风险是体重正常者的1.6倍（OR=1.6,95%,CI=1.1~2.3）、1.6倍（OR=1.6,95%CI=0.9~2.9）和1.5倍（OR=1.5,95%CI=0.9~1.7）。3种慢性病在BMI肥胖的人群归因危险度(PAR)是72.04%~81.88%,在中心性肥胖的PAR是88.92%~91.52%。结论 超重比重在增长,应加大力度进行全民宣传、肥胖高危筛查及健康干预。     

黄山地区居民地方特色食品摄入与超重/肥胖的相关性

目的:调查黄山地区地方特色食品及特色茶的摄入情况,探讨地方特色食品摄入对超重/肥胖患病率的影响,为地方特色食品的合理摄入,改善居民健康状况提供依据.方法:采用方便抽样的方法,选取黄山市境内三区四县518户常住居民,每户选取一名40岁以上的家庭成员作为调查对象.采用食物频率问卷法记录调查对象一年的特色食品摄入频率和摄入量,再折算成标准人日摄入量.结果:518人中,超重/肥胖率为26.6％(38/518),腹型肥胖率为28.76％(149/518).其中,不同年龄段人群的超重/肥胖率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而不同性别、受教育程度、吸烟、饮酒、运动、劳动情况人群的超重/肥胖率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同性别、年龄、受教育程度吸烟、饮酒、运动、劳动情况居民的腹型肥胖率差异亦均无统计学意义(P>0.05).不同黄山烧饼摄入频率和不同饮茶情况居民的超重/肥胖率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他地方特色食品对居民超重/肥胖率均无明显影响(P>0.05).logistic回归分析结果显示,黄山烧饼摄入频率增加是超重/肥胖的危险因素(OR=1.432,P<0.05).结论:黄山烧饼和茶叶的摄入频率可能对当地居民的超重/肥胖有着一定的影响.     

发展中国家中等收入人群的童年期社会经济地位与中年肥胖的关联

 目的 在中国泰州的中等收入人群中探索童年期社会经济地位(socioeconomic status,SES)与肥胖的关联。方法 本研究的数据来自泰州健康人群跟踪调查(Taizhou Longitudinal Study,TZL)第Ⅲ期基线调查中35～64岁中年人的基线数据。普通型肥胖定义为BMI≥28.0 kg/m2,中心型肥胖定义为男性腰围(waist circumference,WC)≥90 cm、女性WC≥80 cm。以20世纪中期中国家庭三大件(自行车、手表和缝纫机)数量来定义SES水平:0件、1或2件、3件分别代表SES低、中、高水平。比较不同SES组间的差异,并用Logistic回归分析童年期SES与肥胖的关联。 结果 男性中普通型肥胖的比例为13.5%,中心型肥胖的比例为30.9%;女性中普通型肥胖的比例为13.6%,中心型肥胖的比例为53.7%。男性SES水平与BMI和WC成正相关。相对于童年期家庭三大件数量为0件的人,拥有3件的人中年期普通型肥胖的风险(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.40～2.28)和中心型肥胖的风险均增加(OR=1.48,95%CI:1.12～1.80),在调节了年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、家庭收入、吸烟饮酒状况和体力活动等混杂因素后,关联仍然显著。女性SES水平与BMI和WC成负相关。相对于童年期家庭三大件数量为0件的人,拥有3件的人中年期普通型肥胖(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.58～0.90)和中心型肥胖的风险(OR=0.45,95% CI:0.38～0.54)都降低。在调节了混杂因素后,与中心型肥胖的关联依然显著。结论 在发展中国家中等收入人群中,童年期SES与肥胖的关联存在性别差异,即高SES增加男性肥胖的风险,而降低女性肥胖的风险。在社会经济由发展中阶段向发达阶段转变的同时,童年期SES与肥胖的关联也从正相关向负相关转变,这种转变较早发生在女性身上。     

2014年中国7~18岁学生血压状况与营养状况的关联分析——基于中国儿童青少年血压评价标准

目的：分析2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年学生血压状况的流行病学现状及其与营养状况之间的关联性,为制定儿童血压防控措施提供依据。方法：利用2014年“中国学生体质与健康调研”结果中7~18岁的儿童青少年数据,依据我国儿童青少年分年龄、性别、身高百分位血压标准来评价血压状况,包括儿童血压偏高前期、血压偏高、单纯性收缩压偏高、单纯性舒张压偏高和混合性血压偏高。按照国际儿童青少年体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）标准评价儿童青少年营养状况,包括消瘦（重度消瘦和轻度消瘦）、正常BMI、超重和肥胖（重度肥胖和轻度肥胖）。利用多因素Logistics回归模型分析血压偏高与营养状况之间的关联性,并计算人群归因危险度评估超重肥胖控制对于预防儿童血压偏高的公共卫生学意义。结果：2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高和血压偏高前期的检出率分别为14.9%和 9.2%,儿童青少年血压偏高者中收缩压偏高、舒张压偏高和混合性血压偏高检出率分别为3.1%、8.8%和3.0%。血压偏高状况整体呈现为男生高于女生,乡村高于城市,随年龄逐渐增高,随地区（东部、中部和西部）逐渐降低,随BMI 的增加而增加的趋势。重度肥胖组的血压偏高检出率最高,男女生分别为 44.2%和38.8%,分别是正常组（15.8%和10.6%）的2.8倍和3.7倍。血压偏高与消瘦（重度消瘦和轻度消瘦）呈负相关,与超重肥胖呈正相关。血压偏高归因于超重肥胖的危险度为16.2%,控制超重肥胖后,血压偏高的期望检出率为12.5%,且对单纯性收缩压偏高和混合性血压偏高影响较大,归因危险度分别为28.7%和35.1%。结论：我国儿童青少年血压偏高检出率较高,且以单纯性舒张压偏高为主。超重肥胖可显著增加血压偏高的风险,尤其是对单纯性收缩压偏高和混合性血压偏高影响较大,通过控制超重肥胖可显著降低全国儿童高血压的发生风险,从而对预防成年期慢性病的发生具有重要意义。     

ApoB/apoA1 is an effective predictor of coronary heart disease risk in overweight and obesity

We investigated the relationship of apoB/apoA1 ratio and coronary heart disease (CHD) in persons who were overweight or obese.The subjects were divided by the body mass indexes (BMI) into the normal weight group (n=397,BMI<24 kg/m 2) and the overweight group (n=400,BMI>24 kg/m 2).Our results showed that the overweight group had higher blood pressure [(130.15±19.01) mmHg vs (123.66±18.70) mmHg] and higher levels of blood sugar [(7.09±2.89) mmol/L vs (6.21±2.59) mmol/L],triglyceride [(1.93±1.19) mmol/L vs (1....     

Report on Childhood Obesity in China （4） Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Urban School-age Children and Adolescents, 1985-2000

Objective To describe the nationwide prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, and their group variations and trends over the past 20 years in the Chinese urban population. Methods Data sets of boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years collected from the series of Chinese national surveillance on students' constitution and health (CNSSCH) between 1985 and 2000 were divided into five socioeconomic and demographic groups, while BMI classification reference proposed by Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) was used as screening reference to calculate the prevalence and trends of overweight/obesity in these groups. Results In 2000, the prevalence of obesity and overweight in boys aged 7-18 years was 11.3% and 6.5% in Beijing, 13.2% and 4.9% in Shanghai, 9.9% and 4.5% in coastal big cities, and 5.8% and 2.0% in coastal medium/small-sized cities, respectively, while the prevalence of of obesity and overweight in girls of the same age group was 8.2% and 3.7% in Beijing, 7.3% and 2.6% in Shanghai, 5.9% and 2.8% in coastal big cities, and 4.8% and 1.7% in coastal medium/small-sized cities, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was low in most of the inland cities at an early stage of epidemic overweight. The epidemic manifested a gradient distribution in groups, which was closely related to socioeconomic status (SES) of the study population. However, a dramatic and steady increasing trend was witnessed among all sex-age subgroups in the five urban groups, and such a trend was stronger in boys than in girls, and much stronger in children than in adolescents. Conclusion Although China is at an early stage of epidemic obesity by and large, the prevalence of obesity in her urban population, particularly in coastal big cities has reached the average level of developed countries. The increasing trend has been rapid since early 1990s, and the increments in obesity and overweight are exceptionally high. The prospect of epidemic obesity in China is in no way optimistic. Therefore, preventive program should be focused on the improvement of the balance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, and interventions aimed at changing children's life styles.     

Epidemics of overweight and obesity among growing childhood in China between 1997 and 2009: Impact of Family Income,Dietary Intake,and Physical Activity Dynamics

Background:Obesity has become a major health problem among children and adolescents worldwide.This study aimed to examine the trends of overweight and obesity among childhood in China and assess their ...     

吉林省农村成年居民膳食多样化与超重和肥胖关系的调查分析

目的：以膳食多样化评分(DDS)为评价指标,了解吉林省18~65岁农村成年居民膳食多样化与超重和肥胖状况,并分析膳食多样化与超重和肥胖的关系。方法：2012年6~7月本课题组采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在吉林省选取674名农村居民作为调查对象,运用食物频率法调查居民各类食物摄入频率和摄入量,测量居民身高和体质量,并计算体质量指数（BMI）,计算DDS,采用Logistic回归模型在控制混杂因素作用的基础上,分析不同膳食多样化程度农村居民超重和肥胖发生的危险性。结果：吉林省农村居民DDS整体水平较低,62.4%的居民DDS在6分及以上,11.8%的农村居民DDS为3分及以下,肥胖检出率略高于全国平均水平。膳食多样化程度分级为适中和充足的居民,发生超重和肥胖的危险性分别是膳食多样化程度不足者的0.946和0.816倍。结论：目前吉林省农村成年居民膳食多样化程
度较低,发生超重和肥胖的危险性较高;随着膳食多样化程度增加,发生肥胖的危险性降低。     

Dietary habits, physical activity and prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents in Greece: the Vyronas study.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the dietary habits and some lifestyle characteristics of Greek adolescents 12-17 years of age in relation to the prevalence of overweight/obesity. MATERIAL/METHODS: During 2004-2005, 2008 school-aged adolescents (1021 male and 987 female) were selected from all public schools located in the Vyronas region of Athens. The participation rate was 95%. Height and weight were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Cut-off points for BMI defining obesity and overweight for gender and age were calculated in accordance with international standards. A semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was applied and multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between dietary habits/lifestyle characteristics and overweight/obesity in adolescents. RESULTS: Eating cereals for breakfast and the number of meals per day (including snacks) were inversely associated with BMI in males. Furthermore, eating poultry as a meal and sedentary activities were positively associated with BMI in females, while eating breakfast more than five times per week and eating cereals for breakfast were inversely associated with BMI in females. Overall, 4.4% of males and 1.7% of females were obese and 19.2% of males and 13.2% of females were overweight. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of cereals for breakfast and the daily frequency of meals consumed were associated with overweight/obesity in males, whereas the frequency of eating breakfast, the consumption of cereals for breakfast, the consumption of poultry, and the hours spent for activities excluding sports were associated with overweight/obesity in females.     

瘦素受体基因Pro1019Pro多态性与温州地区高血压合并肥胖的相关性研究

目的：了解温州地区汉族人群瘦素受体（LEPR）Pro1019Pro基因型分布,探讨该基因多态性与高血压合并肥胖的关系。方法：运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）方法测定无亲缘关系的381例温州地区汉族人群的LEPR基因Pro1019Pro多态性（正常对照组111例,高血压病合并肥胖148例,高血压病非肥胖122例）。结果：高血压合并肥胖组LEPR基因Pro1019Pro的AA、GA和GG基因型表达频率分别为0.770、0.196和0.034,等位基因G和A频率分别为0.132和0.868;高血压合并非肥胖组基因型表达频率分别为0.590、0.352和0.058,基因型G和A等位基因频率分别为0.234和0.766;正常对照组基因型表达频率分别为0.514、0.405和0.081,G和A等位基因频率分别为0.284和0.716;Pro1019Pro位点多态性的分布频率在对照组和病例组间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,且A等位基因频率在高血压合并肥胖患者中显著高于非肥胖组（P〈0.05）。结论：LEPR基因Pro1019Pro多态性与温州地区汉族人群高血压合并肥胖相关。     

Association between sleep duration and incidence of type 2 diabetes in China: the REACTION study

Backgrounds:Inadequate sleep duration is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and the relationship is nonlinear. We aim to assess the curve relationship between night sleep duration and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in China.Methods:A cohort of 11,539 participants from the REACTION study without diabetes at baseline (2011) were followed until 2014 for the development of type 2 diabetes. The average number of hours of sleep per night was grouped. Incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the development of diabetes in each sleep duration category.Results:Compared to people who sleep for 7 to 8 h/night, people with longer sleep duration (≥9 h/night) had a greater risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01–1.61), while shorter sleep (<6 h/night) had no significant difference in risk of type 2 diabetes. When the dataset was stratified based on selected covariates, the association between type 2 diabetes and long sleep duration became more evident among individuals <65 years of age, male, body mass index <24 kg/m² or with hypertension or hyperlipidemia, no interaction effects were observed. Furthermore, compared to people persistently sleeping 7 to 9 h/night, those who persistently slept ≥9 h/night had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The optimal sleep duration was 6.3 to 7.5 h/night.Conclusions:Short or long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Persistently long sleep duration increased the risk.     

Association between painful physical symptoms and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder: a three-month observational study

Background Painful physical symptoms （PPS） may present as a component of major depressive disorder （MDD）.Their effect in Chinese patients has not been investigated.This analysis reports the changes in disease severity,treatment patterns, quality of life and outcomes in a Chinese cohort according to the presence （PPS＋） or absence （PPS-）of painful physical symptoms.Methods A subgroup of Chinese patients from a large observational 3-month study of patients from Asian countries and regions of China were classified using the modified Somatic Symptom Inventory （SSI） as PPS＋（mean score≥2） or PPS（mean score 〈2）.Depression severity was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression of Severity （CGI-S） scale and 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale （HAMD17）.Pain severity was measured using a visual analogue scale （VAS）,while the EuroQoL （EQ-5D） assessed patient well-being.Antidepressants were compared with regard to their efficacy.Results Of the 299 Chinese patients enrolled in the study, 105 were classified as PPS＋ （73/105, 70% women）.At baseline, PPS＋ patients reported greater pain severity （VAS, mean （SD）： 49.56 （26.49） vs.16.60 （20.99） for PPS-, P 〈0.01）, were more depressed （HAMD17, mean （SD）： 25.32 （5.47） vs.23.33 （5.24） for PPS-, P=0.002） and had poorer quality of life （EQ-5D Health State, mean （SD）： 38.48 （22.38） vs.49.57 （18.54） for PPS-, P 〈0.001）.PPS＋ patients showed less overall improvement in depressive symptom severity （HAMD17, change from baseline （95% CI）：-17.38（-18.65, -16.12） vs.-19.20 （-20.05,-18.35） for PPS-,P=-0.032; CGI-S, change from baseline （95% CI）： -2.85（-3.11, -2.58） vs.-3.20 （-3.38, -3.02） for PPS-, P=0.044）.Conclusions PPS were less frequent than expected compared with previous studies of Asian populations.PPS＋were associated with greater MDD severity and less improvement than PPS- when antidepressants were given.