Outcome of root canal treatment using warm vertical compaction with bioceramic and resin-based sealers: A randomised clinical trial

This study aimed to compare the effect of a bioceramic sealer (iRoot SP) and a resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on the outcome of root canal treatment in a 2-year follow-up. Seventy-six teeth with irreversibly or necrotic pulp were recruited. After instrumentation and disinfection, the root canals were obturated using warm vertical compaction with iRoot SP (n = 43) or AH Plus (n = 33). Patients were followed up by clinical and radiographic examination at 6 12 and 24 months with recall rates of 84.2%, 65.8% and 48.7%, respectively. During each recall session, the success rates were 80%, 85.2% and 85% in the iRoot SP group and 82.8%, 91.3% and 88.2% in the AH Plus group. The success rates of the two groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The bioceramic sealer resulted in a similar clinical performance and success rate to the resin-based sealer in endodontic treatment during a 2-year follow-up.     

Effect of final irrigation protocols on push‐out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different final irrigation protocols on push‐out bond strength of an epoxy resin root canal sealer to dentin. Eighty single‐rooted anterior teeth were used. The root canals were partially prepared using a rotary system and the final diameter was standardised using a #5 Gates‐Glidden drill prior to the push‐out bond test. During chemomechanical preparation, 5.25% NaOCl or 2% CHX gel was used. For smear layer removal, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or QMix 2 in 1 was applied for 3 min. As final irrigant, 1 mL of NaOCl, CHX solution or distilled water was used. On conclusion of preparation, canals were filled with gutta‐percha/AH Plus sealer. Bond strength was measured by the push‐out test. Data were statistically analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. The group NaOCl/EDTA/NaOCl showed significantly higher bond strength values than other groups. In all groups, there were mainly mixed failure patterns. It can be concluded that 5.25% NaOCl proved to be the best solution for the final irrigation when combined with EDTA. The final irrigation protocols affect the push‐out bond strength of AH Plus to dentin.     

次氯酸钠作为根管冲洗液的研究进展

目前国内在根管治疗中,多交替使用体积分数为3%的过氧化氢溶液和生理盐水冲洗根管,但此方法存在许多缺陷。次氯酸钠因有较强的杀菌性及组织溶解性,在国外普遍应用于根管冲洗中,但由于它具有较强的刺激性和腐蚀性,而国内尚未普遍应用橡皮障,因此限制了次氯酸钠在国内的应用。本文就次氯酸钠作为根管冲洗液的研究进展作一综述。     

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根管冲洗对根管的消毒和清理起着重要作用,冲洗液可以通过冲洗碎屑、溶解组织和消毒根管系统而提高机械预备的效力。次氯酸钠（NaClO）是目前世界范围内临床上使用最广泛的根管冲洗液之一。本文就NaClO的作用及相应机制、提高使用效率的方法、不良反应、与其他冲洗液联合应用等方面做一综述。     

一次根管治疗术与两次根管治疗术术后短期临床疗效的比较

目的比较一次根管治疗术与两次根管治疗术术后短期临床疗效,并分析不同因素对疗效的影响。方法将96例需行根管治疗的患者随机分成2组,分别进行一次根管治疗术（一次治疗组）和两次根管治疗术（两次治疗组）,并在术后的1、3d和1周进行随访,记录其疼痛情况,术后3个月行影像学检查,评估分析其短期疗效。结果一次治疗组和两次治疗组在术后短期疼痛和影像学检查方面的差异均无统计学意义;患者的性别及患牙术前根尖周指数（PAI）对根管治疗的术后疗效有一定影响,而患者年龄、患牙解剖牙位、患牙牙髓情况（未出现根尖周病损）的差异对根管治疗术术后疗效影响意义不大。结论一次性根管治疗在术后短期的疼痛发生率较低,在临床可根据实际情况推广应用;患者性别及术前PAI会影响根管治疗的术后疗效。     

A clinical radiographic retrospective assessment of the success rate of single-visit root canal treatment

AIM: To determine retrospectively the clinical and radiographic success rate of single-visit root canal treatment performed in a busy endodontic practice using contemporary techniques of canal cleaning, shaping and obturation. SUMMARY: Seven hundred and sixty-eight single-visit cases, of which 223 presented for a re-examination appointment ranging from 6 months to 4 years from the day of treatment, were considered. Four endodontists provided examinations for both root canal treatment and re-examinations. Clinical and radiographic data were used to form an overall impression of the outcomes for each case at the time of re-examination. Available demographics and treatment information of these 223 cases were compiled for comparison. The number of treatment visits was not determined by a pretreatment diagnosis or a re-assessment of the pulp status upon entry into the tooth; therefore both vital and necrotic cases, as well as those with and without periradicular pathosis, were included. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square tests and considered variations in failure rates based on gender, provider, tooth type, position and arch. A t-test was used to evaluate data on age. The overall success rate was 89.2%. No statistically significant differences were seen based on gender, age, arch or provider. Statistically, anterior teeth were more successful than posterior teeth.     

机用镍钛器械与超声根管冲洗联合应用于慢性根尖周炎一次性根管治疗的临床研究

目的 应用机用镍钛器械、超声根管冲洗对上下颌前牙患有慢性根尖周炎者进行一次性根管治疗的术后疼痛反应及远期临床疗效进行评价。方法 将280颗患牙随机分成对照组、镍钛组、超声组、联合组4组,对照组患牙69颗,采用K锉预备根管,注射器冲洗;镍钛组患牙70颗,采用机用镍钛锉预备根管,注射器冲洗; 超声组患牙70颗,采用K锉预备根管,超声冲洗;联合组患牙71颗,采用机用镍钛锉预备根管,超声冲洗。4组患牙均行一次性根管治疗,充填1周后评价各组术后疼痛反应发生率,2年后评价其远期临床疗效。结果 术后1周,联合组术后反应最轻,疼痛发生率为9.86%;镍钛组与超声组次之,疼痛发生率分别为28.6%和27.1%;对照组术后反应最重,疼痛发生率为50.7%。术后2年,对照组与联合组间临床疗效有显著差异（P<0.02）,而其他各两组间临床疗效差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 联合应用机用镍钛器械与超声根管冲洗对上下颌前牙患有慢性根尖周炎者行一次性根管治疗,能明显减少术后疼痛反应,提高患牙远期临床疗效,临床上值得推广。     

螯合剂作为根管冲洗剂的研究进展

目前,国内临床上多使用体积分数为3％的过氧化氢和生理盐水交替冲洗根管,但是这2种溶液存在许多缺陷。次氯酸钠具有较强的杀菌性和组织溶解性,所以在国外被普遍应用于根管冲洗中。目前,国内也正逐步将次氯酸钠应用于临床,但是却很少使用螯合剂作为根管常规的冲洗液。螯合剂的优势日益受到关注,螯合剂具有去除根管预备中形成的玷污层的优势,但不能有效溶解残留的牙髓,次氯酸钠具有有效溶解有机残髓的作用,两者联合应用能达到相互补偿、相互增效的作用,是目前用于玷污层去除的有效组合。本文对螯合剂的研究进展作一综述,以期推广其在国内临床上的应用。     

Effect of irrigation solutions on the filling of lateral root canals

Abstract An in vitro study involving 66 single–rooted human teeth was performed. The teeth were divided into 3 groups: control group, root canals instrumented and irrigated with distilled water; experimental group A, root canals instrumented and irrigated with 15% EDTA; and experimental group B, root canals instrumented and irrigated with 5% sodium hypochlorite. All canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and Diaket® A. Radiographs were taken mesiodistally and buccolingually and the number of lateral canals filled in the various teeth was counted. The group treated with 15% EDTA showed a significantly larger number of filled lateral canals than the groups irrigated with distilled water or sodium hypochlorite.     

A review of the prognostic value of irrigation on root canal treatment success

The aim of this review is to discuss the requirements for effective irrigation of the root canal system and its role in treatment outcome. A review of the literature regarding irrigants, methods of irrigation and regimens was undertaken. It indicates that irrigation is comprised of a multitude of factors, and that effective irrigant delivery and agitation achieves mechanical, chemical and microbiological functions, which are prerequisites for obtaining a clean canal system. However, most studies are ex vivo and assess intermediate outcome values rather than treatment success. Additionally, there is an absence of high‐level evidence evaluating the effect of irrigation on the outcome of root canal treatment. Therefore, citing irrigation as a significant factor that affects root canal treatment success cannot be done. This highlights the need to further investigate the prognostic value of irrigation on root canal treatment success.     

Effect of root canal status on periodontal healing after surgical injury in dogs

Abstract This study was carried out to observe if the status of the root canal might influence the healing process of surgically prepared experimental periodontal lesions. Forty tooth roots from four dogs were divided into four different groups: a) root canals with vital pulps, b) root canals open to the oral environment, c) root canals infected and filled with zinc oxide eugenol cement, and d) root canals infected and filled with calcium hydroxide. By means of a surgical intervention, a cavity was prepared in the medium portion of the roots. Six months later, the specimens were removed and prepared for histological analysis. The results, which were submitted to statistical analysis, showed that the status of the root canals influenced the healing process of the experimental periodontal lesions. In the groups where the root canals were filled, calcium hydroxide gave the best results. In the group with root canals left open to the oral environment, resorption of the dentin of the experimental cavities, was the most obvious observation. However, it did not prevent the repair process, only slowed it down.     

2种根充糊剂一次性根充治疗慢性根尖周炎的疗效比较

目的 观察Cortisomol糊剂和Vitapex糊剂用于磨牙慢性根尖周炎的一次性根管治疗术后的反应及远期疗效。方法 选择慢性根尖周炎需做根管治疗的磨牙107颗,随机分成A、B二组,分别以Cortisomol糊剂和Vitapex糊剂加牙胶尖进行根充,并对二组术后1～7d、1年的临床疗效进行比较分析。结果 治疗后1～7dA组术后反应率较B组要低(P<0.05),远期疗效两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 Cortisomol糊剂用于一次性根管治疗术后反应较少,且疗效可靠。