多发性骨髓瘤的18F-FDGPET/CT诊断

目的:多发性骨髓瘤是一种浆细胞恶性增殖性疾病,大约有80％的患者存在骨骼侵犯.本文探讨多发性骨髓瘤的18F-fluorodexoxyglucose(18F-FDG)PET/CT表现特点,提高对多发性骨髓瘤的认识.方法:26例按2001年WHO诊断标准确诊为多发性骨髓瘤的患者,均在治疗前行18F-FDG PET/CT显像.所有患者均依赖骨髓穿刺或活检取得明确病理学诊断.结果:26名患者均出现不同程度的骨质疏松.25例患者出现多发性骨质破坏,占总数的96.2％;其中11例患者出现颅骨破坏,占42.3％;25例出现脊柱骨质破坏,占96.2％;15例出现胸骨骨质破坏,占57.7％;21例出现肋骨骨质破坏,占80.8％;21例出现骨盆骨质破坏,占80.8％.部分骨破坏病灶呈18F-FDG高代谢灶.结论:多发性骨髓瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT表现具有一定特征,结合临床、影像、实验室和病理学检查能提高本病的诊断率.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对腹膜良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的 分析腹膜病变的18F-FDG PET/CT的代谢和形态特点,探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在腹膜良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析经18F-FDG PET/CT检查腹膜有病变的病人70例,男22例,女48例,平均年龄(58.20±13.18)岁。根据病理结果将病人分为恶性组(61例)和良性组(9例)。记录腹膜病变最大标准化摄取值(SUV_max),FDG代谢分布特征、大网膜挛缩、病灶大小及边界,测量腹水CT值、SUV_max及腹腔积液SUVmax/肝脏SUV_max的比值(即T/NT值)。2组间非正态分布的计量资料采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行比较,采用连续校正卡方检验或Fisher确切概率检验对计数资料进行差异性分析。结果 与良性组相比,恶性组大网膜更易出现挛缩,呈不规则状及条状改变(P<0.05),且大网膜及肠系膜FDG代谢摄取多呈局限性改变(均P<0.05);肿块样病变(>3 cm)只在恶性组中出现,大网膜、小网膜、肠系膜、盆腔腹膜的病灶中大结节(>5 mm)病变占比更...     

18F-FDOPA与18F-FDG PET/CT诊断脑肿瘤的系统评价

目的 系统评价18F-FDOPA与18F-FDG PET/CT显像在脑肿瘤诊断中的临床价值.方法 采用Meta分析与直接比较方法.使用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library,从建库至2016年10月,搜索直接比较18F-FDOPA与18F-FDG PET/CT诊断脑肿瘤的诊断性试验.用Meta-Disc 1.4软件进行分析,计算两种不同显像剂的合并敏感度(sensitivity,SEN)、合并特异度(specificity,SPE)、合并阳性似然比(positive likelihood ratio,+LR)、合并阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,-LR)、诊断优势比(diagnostic odds ratio,DOR),并绘制综合受试者工作特征曲线计算曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)与Q*值.结果 最终共纳入4篇文章,Meta 分析结果显示,18F-FDOPA PET/CT对脑肿瘤诊断的合并SEN为0.97(95％ CI =0.90 ～ 1.00),SPE为0.67(95％ CI =0.45 ～0.84),+LR为2.31 (95％ CI=1.40 ～3.81),-LR为0.07 (95％ CI =0.02～ 0.24),DOR为39.72(95％ CI=8.94～176.48),AUC为0.9725,Q*为0.9239.18F-FDG PET/CT对脑肿瘤诊断的合并SEN为0.51(95％CI=0.39～0.63),SPE为0.75(95％ CI=0.53 ～0.90,+LR为l.59(95％ CI=0.70 ～ 3.61),-LR为0.63(95％ CI =0.47 ～0.86),DOR为2.55(95％ CI =0.82 ～7.92),AUC为0.5848,Q*为0.5638.结论 18F-FDOPA PET/CT显像诊断脑肿瘤的敏感性比18F-FDG高,对脑肿瘤具有良好的诊断价值,可作为脑肿瘤诊断的方法之一.     

Dual-time point 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for differentiation between 18F-FDG-avid non-small cell lung cancer and benign lesions

Objective  The aim of this study is to clarify the difference of F-18 FDG uptake kinetics between FDG-avid non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lesions associated with various etiologies on dual-time point PET/CT scan, and to determine the optimal parameter for differentiation. Materials and methods  The materials were 76 FDG-avid solitary NSCLC in 76 patients and 57 FDG-avid solitary benign lesions associated with various etiologies in 61 patients. FDG PET/CT scan was performed at 60 and 120 min after intravenous injection of 4.4 MBq/kg F-18 FDG. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on early and delayed scans and the percent change of SUVmax (%ΔSUVmax) between the two time points were measured. The optimal differential parameter was determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis and evaluation of diagnostic accuracy. Results  The mean ± SD of early SUV max, delayed SUVmax and %ΔSUVmax were 8.3 ± 5.2, and 10.2 ± 6.5, and 21.9% ± 18.9 in FDG-avid NSCLC, and 3.8 ± 3.2, 4.0 ± 3.7, and 11.3% ± 26.0 in FDG-avid benign lesions, respectively. Delayed SUVmax in NSCLC was significantly higher than early SUVmax (P < 0.0001); while not different in benign lesions. Percent change of SUVmax in NSCLC was also significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P < 0.01). The optimal parameter for the differentiation was delayed SUVmax > 5.5 and yielded sensitivity of 77.6%, specificity of 80.7% and accuracy of 78.9%, which provided better differentiation than the use of %ΔSUVmax or the traditional parameter of early SUVmax > 2.5. However, 11 (19.2%) benign lesions were indistinguishable from NSCLC. Conclusion  Although delayed PET/CT scan enhances the difference of FDG uptake between FDG-avid NSCLC and benign lesions, and the use of delayed SUVmax > 5.5 appears to improve the differentiation of these hypermetabolic lesions compared with an early scan, careful interpretation and management for correct differentiation are still required.     

Differentiating adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas using (18)F-FDG PET/CT: quantitative and qualitative evaluation

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the ability of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET/CT to distinguish adrenal adenomas from nonadenomas in patients with suspected malignancy. METHODS: Fifty-nine adrenal masses were evaluated with coregistered (18)F-FDG PET (PET/CT). Two reviewers independently graded uptake of (18)F-FDG by visual inspection of the adrenal mass in comparison to liver and background. CT attenuation value of the adrenal mass and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of the mass, liver, background, and primary neoplasm (when visible) were measured. Mean SUVs of the adrenal mass, liver, and background and ratios of the SUVs were calculated. RESULTS: Of 47 adenomas, 43 measured <10 HU on unenhanced CT. Of 12, 12 nonadenomas measured >10 HU on unenhanced CT. Using qualitative assessment of FDG activity in the adrenal mass compared with liver, adenomas were less than, equal to, or more active than the liver in 51%, 38%, and 10%, respectively. Nonadenomas were less than, equal to, or more active than liver in 0%, 25%, and 75%, respectively. The mean SUV of adenomas (4.2) was significantly lower (P = .002) than that of their primary malignancies (9.2) but not that of liver (4.3). The mean SUV of adenomas was not significantly different than that of nonadenomas (5.2), but the mean adrenal/liver ratio (1.0) for the adenomas was significantly lower (P = .006) than that of the nonadenomas (2.1). CONCLUSION: Adrenal adenomas were better differentiated from nonadenomas using unenhanced CT measurements in combination with ratios of the SUVs. Adrenal mass activity, which was visibly less than liver, was more specific for adenoma, whereas adrenal mass activity visibly greater than liver was more specific for malignancy.     

PET/CT在恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗中的应用

1 PET/CT的基本原理和技术特点PET(Positron Emission Tomography)是正电子发射断层显像是一种利用放射性核素示踪技术分析组织生物化学即器官功能、血流和代谢变化情况的影像技术,其利用回旋加速器产生正电子核素11C1、3N1、5O1、8F通过化学合成的显像剂如18F-FDG1、3N-NH3等注入人体进行检测,得到靶器官的断层和三维图像,因其对于功能代谢和受体分布等的显示具有优势,故被称为“分子成像”或“生化显像”〔1〕,在肿瘤、心血管、神经等疾病中具有广泛的应用,不足之处是对病灶的解剖定位差,检查花费时间稍长。CT(Computed Tomogr…     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断心包恶性病变的价值

Objective To assess the value of integrated 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in differentiation of malignant and benign pericardial effusion. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT were performed in 23 patients with pericardial effusion. The detected soft tissue tumor or nodulous lession in pericardium or the thickened pericardium, with the maximum standardized uptake value( SUVmax ) ≥2.5, was defined as PET/CT-positive. The invaded lession in pericardium with SUVmax ≥2.5 was also as the positive. The difference of SUVmax of benign and malignant lesions was analyzed with two-independent-sample test of nonparametric tests. The final diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or post-operative pathology. Results The diagnosis were confirmed with 14 malignant and 9 benign lesions. The median of SUVmax was 6.0 in malignancy group and 2.2 in benign group (z= -3. 279, P =0.001 ). According to the pathology results, there were one false negative case and two false positive cases with PET/CT imaging interpretation. The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy, positive predictive value ( PPV ) and negative predictive value ( NPV ) of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of benignity or malignance of pericardium effusion were 92.9% ( 13/14), 7/9, 87.0% (20/23),86.7% (13/15) and 7/8, respectively. Conclusion For the patients with pericardium effusion 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a helpful modality for malignancy differentiation     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断心包恶性病变的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT对心包恶性病变的诊断价值.方法 对23例心包积液患者进行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,并采用两独立样本非参数检验分析良恶性病灶最大标准摄取值（SUVmax）差异有无统计学意义.结果 经病理检查证实恶性心包积液14例,良性心包积液9例.1例PET/CT假阴性,2例PET/CT假阳性.18F-FDG PET/CT鉴别诊断良恶性心包积液的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.9%（13/14）、7/9、87.0%（20/23）、86.7%（13/15）和7/8.良、恶性病变的SUVmax中位值分别为2.2和6.0,两者间比较差异有统计学意义（z=-3.279,P=0.001）.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT是评价心包恶性病变较好的无创性手段,对良恶性心包积液的诊断与鉴别诊断有一定临床价值.     

Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection and restaging of recurrent ovarian cancer

Purpose

To estimate the accuracy of 18FDG PET/CT in detection of recurrent cancer ovary and to describe the localization of metastases for restaging.

双时相18F-FDG PET显像用于肿瘤良恶性鉴别诊断

目的探讨双时相^18F-FDG PET显像在肿瘤良恶性鉴别中的临床价值。方法52例单次显像难以鉴别病变性质的患者行双时相全身^18 F-FDG PET／CT显像，将显像结果与病理学检查结果对照。结果43例延迟显像SUV升高的患者中有39例经病理检查证实为恶性病变，4例为良性病变；9例延迟显像SUV降低的患者中有7例经病理检查证实为良性病变，2例为恶性病变。灵敏度为95．1％，准确性为88．5％，特异性为63．6％，阳性预测值为90．7％，阴性预测值为7／9例。结论双时相^18F—FDG PET对良恶性病变的鉴别具有较高的灵敏度和准确性。     

F-FDG PET and PET/CT in Burkitt's lymphoma

Objective

To explore the value of ¹⁸F fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Methods

All Burkitt's lymphoma patients referred for FDG PET or FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) exams at our institution from June 2003 to June 2006 were included. Selected patients were followed and clinical information was reviewed retrospectively. Results from FDG PET-PET/CT, as blindly reviewed by a consensus of two experienced readers, were compared with the status of the disease as determined by other laboratory, clinical and imaging exams and clinical follow-up. FDG PET-PET/CT results were classified as true positive or negative and false positive or negative. The degree of FDG uptake in the positive lesions was semiquantified as maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax).

Results

Fifty-seven FDG PET-PET/CT exams were done in 15 patients. Seven exams were done for initial staging, 8 during and 14 after the completion of therapy, and 28 for disease surveillance. For nodal disease FDG PET-PET/CT was true positive in 8, true negative in 47 and false positive in 2 exams (sensitivity 100%, specificity 96%). For extranodal disease FDG PET-PET/CT was true positive in 6, true negative in 48 and false positive in 3 exams (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%). The mean SUVmax for the positive nodal lesions was 15.7 (range 6.9-21.7, median 18.5) and for extranodal lesions was 14.2 (range 6.2-24.3, median 12.4).

Conclusions

FDG PET-PET/CT is sensitive for the detection of viable disease in Burkitt's lymphoma. Affected areas demonstrated high degree of uptake that was reversible upon successful implementation of treatment.     

^18F-FDG PET／CT在鼻咽癌临床分期和疗效监测中的应用

目的探讨^18F-FDGPET／CT显像在鼻咽癌首次分期、再分期及疗效监测中的临床应用价值。方法通过分析86例鼻咽癌患者^18F-FDGPET／CT扫描结果,结合其他临床资料和随访结果,计算^18F-FDGPET／CT显像的准确性、特异性、灵敏度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值,并与CT、MRI进行比较。结果^18F-FDGPET／CT与CT、MRI诊断鼻咽癌的准确率、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值与阴性预测值的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。依据^18F-FDGPET／CT结果,改变了4例首次分期、14例再分期的临床诊断和22例患者的治疗方案。结论与CT、MRI相比,^18F-FDGPET／CT显像对鼻咽癌的临床分期及疗效监测具有更重要价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of POEMS syndrome

In POEMS syndrome the identification and biopsy of an osteosclerotic lesion or a lymph node typical of Castleman's disease (CD) is essential to establish the diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment. We report four patients in whom the localisation and identification of diagnostic bone lesions or lymphadenopathies were guided by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computerised tomography (FDG PET/CT). FDG PET/CT identified bone lesions not detected with other techniques in one patient, and revealed hypermetabolic characteristics in bone lesions or adenopathies in the others, thus guiding the diagnostic biopsy in those with hypermetabolism. In conclusion, FDG PET/CT may be useful in detecting and selecting bone lesions and lymph nodes for biopsy in patients with suspected POEMS syndrome.     

胆管癌的18F-FDG PET/CT诊断价值

目的 总结胆管癌18F-FDG PET/CT显像表现,提高胆管癌的诊断准确性.方法 回顾经病理或临床综合手段证实的53例胆道疾病的18F-FDG PET/CT表现,分析PET/CT诊断胆管癌的敏感性、特异性和准确性.结果 肝内胆管癌14例、近段胆管癌18例、中远段胆总管癌15例、胆管炎性病变或伴结石6例.肝内转移9例,腹腔及腹膜后淋巴结转移15例,椎体等远处转移3例.PET/CT诊断胆管癌的敏感性为95.7％、特异性为83.3％、准确性为94.3％.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在胆管癌的诊断与鉴别诊断、分期、检测疗效及预后等具有独特的应用价值.     

Respiration artifacts in whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT studies with combined PET/CT tomographs employing spiral CT technology with 1 to 16 detector rows

Purpose Co-registration accuracy in combined whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging is impaired by respiration-induced mismatches between the CT and the PET. Furthermore, PET/CT misregistration may bias the PET tracer distribution following CT-based attenuation correction (CT-AC). With the introduction of multi-row CT technology of up to 16 detector rows into PET/CT designs, we investigated the incidence of respiration artifacts in WB PET/CT examinations of patients who were unable to follow any breath-hold instructions.Methods A total of 80 WB studies from six international sites operating PET/CT tomographs with 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 16-row spiral CT were included. PET/CT examinations were acquired with the patients breathing normally during both the CT and the PET scan, and CT-AC was performed routinely. All studies were anonymized and reviewed independently by three radiologists and three nuclear medicine specialists. We report the frequency and severity of artifacts on CT and PET for the thorax and the abdomen.Results In WB PET/CT imaging of normally breathing patients, significant gains in diagnostic image quality can be expected from employing CT technology with six or more detector rows. In our study, fewer PET images appear distorted than corresponding CT images, which is due to the limited propagation of only mild CT image artifacts after the resampling of the CT-based attenuation map during CT-AC.Conclusion In whole-body PET/CT imaging of normally breathing patients, respiration-induced artifacts are reduced in both magnitude and prominence for PET/CT systems employing CT components of six or more detector rows.     

Common hepatic artery aneurysm detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging

Hepatic artery aneurysm (HAA) is a rare, yet clinically important, condition. While the causes of HAA are poorly understood, it is estimated that mortality following spontaneous rupture is as high as 40%. We discuss the case of a 77-year-old man who presented to our hospital due to a 10 mm pulmonary lesion in the left lower lung lobe, which was identified by a computed tomography scan of the lung at another institution. An examination with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in our department, but no significant uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose was found in the lung, and HAA was diagnosed only incidentally. A magnetic resonance imaging angiography supported the differential diagnosis of HAA, and the aneurysm was confirmed by targeted angiography. It was located in the common hepatic artery and was coiled during an intervention session. HAA accounts for 20% of all visceral aneurysms and, with a poorly understood natural history, is difficult to diagnose clinically, but early detection and treatment of HAA can improve prognosis.     

PET/CT evaluation of the physiologic accumulation of 18F-FDG within the gallbladder vesicle

The aim of this study was to investigate physiological fluorine 18-labeled fluourodeoxyglucose accumulation in the gallbladder (GB) during clinical positron emission tomography (PET) examinations.

Three patient groups were included. In Group 1, nine patients with higher fluourodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation in the GB than in the liver were examined, followed up and finally diagnosed. In Group 2, the correlations between FDG GB accumulation and various parameters in 286 patients were investigated. In Group 3, changes in FDG GB accumulation between early and delayed PET scans were analyzed in 12 patients.

In Group 1, all nine patients who exhibited a high FDG GB accumulation had no evidence of GB disease. In Group 2, FDG GB accumulation was significantly correlated with the injection–scan time interval and inversely correlated with the GB size index. Group 3 showed a significant increase in FDG accumulation in the GB on delayed PET scans, compared with that seen on early scans.

In clinical PET studies, FDG accumulation within the GB is infrequently observed but may be due to FDG excretion into the bile. Recognition of this phenomenon may be important to avoid misdiagnosing physiological GB FDG accumulation as indicating a pathologic status and preventing unnecessary examinations.     

Prospective assessment of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of recurrent ovarian cancer

Objective

To assess the use of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected ovarian cancer recurrence and describe the distribution of metastasis.

Patients and methods

This study included (39) patients suspected to have recurrent ovarian malignancy. This suspicion was either clinically, radiologically or due to raised CA-125 levels. All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, surgery was performed within 8 weeks of imaging studies. Surgical and/or histopathological examinations were available in 31 patients, and clinical, radiological and CA 125 serum level follow up in 8 patients.

Results

The overall lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET/CT for revealing recurrent ovarian carcinoma were 90%, 98% and 97%, respectively. The patient – based sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET/CT were 97%, 75% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusion

18F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool for evaluating the recurrence of ovarian cancer after first-line therapy in patients with a high risk of relapse, equivocal radiologic findings, increased or normal levels of serum CA-125. It can more accurately diagnose and localize recurrence, hence decreasing the rate of second look surgery and changing treatment plan.     

睾丸肿瘤的MSCT诊断

目的探讨睾丸肿瘤的MSCT表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的26例睾丸肿瘤的CT表现。结果本组26例睾丸肿瘤(28个病灶)包括精原细胞瘤15个,非精原细胞瘤13个。其共同表现为睾丸不同程度增大,不同病理类型的睾丸肿瘤有其各自的影像特点。结论睾丸肿瘤的MSCT表现有一定特征性,MSCT对其诊断具有重要的价值。