Prognostic factors in survival of colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis

Aim To determine the factors affecting the survival in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases. Method A total of 168 patients who had been treated colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases at Guangxi Medical University from January 2000 to December 2005 were identified. Criteria studied consisted of gender, age, time of symptoms, primary tumour location, primary tumour circumference, histological type, grade (tumour differentiation), T‐status, N‐status, large bowel obstruction, type of operation, primary tumour resection, ascities, location, number and diameter of liver lesions, preoperative CEA and chemotherapy. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression analysis. Results The mean survival time for all patients was 18.71 (SEM = 1.59) months. The 1, 2, 3 and 5‐year survival rates were 55.95%, 23.21%, 12.30%, 8.0% respectively. Univariate analysis share of grade (tumour differentiation), N‐status, large bowel obstruction, operation, primary tumour resection, location, number and the most diameter of liver lesions, extrahepatic transfer, preoperative CEA level and chemotherapy to be predictors of survival. In the Cox regression analysis, the N‐status, large bowel obstruction, operation, diameter of liver lesion and extrahepatic transfer were independent factors related to survival. Conclusion Tumour differentiation, N‐status, bowel obstruction, operation, primary tumour resection, location of liver metastasis, number of liver metastasis, diameter of liver metastasis, extrahepatic transfer, preoperative CEA level and chemotherapy are related to the survival of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases.     

The prognostic significance of resection of primary tumor in gastric and colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis

The significance of primary tumor resection in gastric and colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis (H(+)) was evaluated in terms of operative mortality and survival rate by dividing the materials [293 gastric cancer and 80 colorectal cancer patients (53 colon and 27 rectum) with synchronous liver metastasis] into the following groups: Firstly, with or without peritoneal dissemination (P), secondly, with or without resection of the primary tumor and thirdly, with or without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The following results were obtained: (1) The direct operative death rate of primary tumor resection, excluding death from other causes, showed an absence of statistically significant differences between the P₀H(+) and P(+)H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients. (2) There was no significance in the prognosis between the primary tumor resection + postoperative chemotherapy group and the non-resectable group in the P(+)H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients, revealing no prognostic value of the primary tumor. (3) In the P₀H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients, the primary tumor resection + postoperative chemotherapy group was significantly more favorable in prognosis than was the primary tumor resection alone group or the non-resectable group, showing the value of primary tumor resection.     

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目的探讨影响结直肠癌肝转移手术治疗的预后因素。方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院腹部外科2000年1月至2011年1月资料完整并行手术治疗的123例结直肠癌肝转移病人的临床资料。结果全组病人1,3,5年存活率分别为87.2%,35.6%及21.1%。单因素分析显示肿瘤大小、术前癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、是否R0切除是影响预后的因素(P<0.05)。COX多因素分析显示是否R0切除是影响预后的独立危险因素。结论手术切除是结直肠癌肝转移病人获得长期生存的最佳手段,综合治疗是病人达到R0切除、改善远期疗效的关键。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移的手术疗效分析

目的探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移的外科治疗临床价值和疗效。方法自2003年5月至2008年10月,对32例结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者行同期切除术为治疗组,同期内未行手术切除的肝转移瘤27例患者为对照组。两组术后以XELox方案化疗。结果治疗组1、3和5年累积生存率为92．5％、53．1％、34．6％。对照组1、3和5年生存率为66．7％、18．5％、0。两组总生存率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组临床资料相比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗组中有6例患者术后发生胸腔积液,1例膈下积液,3例胆漏,无手术死亡病例。结论结直肠癌肝转移的的根治性切除是患者获得长期生存的有效治疗手段;直肠癌同时性肝转移行同期切除术可提高患者的幸存时闻和幸存后量．改善其预后．     

Liver transplantation versus liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis: a survival benefit analysis in patients stratified according to tumor burden score

Liver transplantation (LT) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) may provide excellent survival rates in patients with unresectable disease. High tumor load is a risk factor for recurrence and low overall survival (OS) after liver resection (LR). We tested the hypothesis that LT could offer better survival than LR in patients with high tumor load. LR performed at Padua University Hospital for CRLM was compared with LT for unresectable CRLM performed both at Oslo and Padua. High tumor load was defined as tumor burden score (TBS) ≥ 9, and inclusion criteria were as in the SECA-I transplant study. 184 patients were eligible: 128 LRs and 56 LTs. 5-year OS after LR and LT was 40.5% and 54.7% (P = 0.102). In the high TBS cohort, 5-year OS after LR and LT was 22.7% and 52.2% (P = 0.055). In patients with Oslo score ≤ 2 and TBS ≥ 9 (13 LR; 24 LT) the 5-year OS after LR and LT was 14.6% and 69.1% (P = 0.002). The corresponding disease-free survival (DFS) was 0% and 22.9% (P = 0.005). Selected CRLM patients with low Oslo score and high TBS could benefit from LT with survival outcomes that are far better than what is achieved by LR.     

Liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis

Aim: To examine the survival benefit of liver and lung resection for colorectal metastasis and the potential prognostic factors that affect patient survival. Methods: All patients who had resection of lung or liver metastasis for colorectal metastasis in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong from 1995 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall and disease‐free survival was analysed, in particularly between liver and lung metastasis. All factors that may have affected the survival were entered into Cox's proportional hazards regression model to identify significant variables associated with survival. Results: At 5 years, the overall survival of patients who had resection of lung and liver metastasis was 44% and 38%, respectively; the disease‐free survival was 26% and 24%, respectively. Overall and disease‐free survival of patients with resection of lung metastasis was comparable to those with resection of liver metastasis. The differentiations of primary tumour and time to metastasis were shown to be significant prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Those patients with systemic chemotherapy after resection of colorectal metastasis demonstrated a significantly higher probability of overall survival. Conclusion: Resection of lung and liver metastases from colorectal origin was safe and both procedures improved survival. The use of chemotherapy after resection of metastasis significantly improved the overall survival.     

大肠癌同时性肝转移外科治疗的预后因素分析

目的探讨大肠癌同时性肝转移及其与预后有关的危险因素,提高大肠癌肝转移的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析1994年8月至2004年2月间收治的大肠癌同时性肝转移106例的临床资料,对15项临床病理指标进行统计分析,并用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析与同期收治的无复发性肝转移的大肠癌1052例进行比较。同时对大肠癌肝转移行根治性切除、姑息性切除和探查性手术的生存状况用KaplanMeier法和COX回归方法进行分析比较。结果单因素分析显示,肠梗阻、腹水、盆腔结节、腹膜侵犯、浆膜浸润、周围脏器受累以及肿瘤长径、浸润肠壁的周径、浸润深度都与大肠癌同时性肝转移显著相关;Logistic回归分析发现,浸润深度、浆膜浸润、盆腔转移结节和腹水是影响大肠癌同时性肝转移最重要的因素。根治性切除57例(53.8%),姑息性切除39例(36.8%)和探查性手术后10例(9.4%)平均生存期和中位生存期分别为41.0和34.0个月、23.6和18.0个月以及16.5和12.0个月,三组差异有统计学意义(P=0.0095)。手术方式、肿瘤部位和盆腔结节是影响大肠癌同时性肝转移预后的主要因素。结论大肠癌浸润达浆膜、有盆腔转移结节和腹水者可能合并肝转移,根治性切除可以明显提高大肠癌同时性肝转移的生存率。     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌一期同时切除术的临床分析

目的探究腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌一期同时切除术的安全性及可行性。方法选取68例2012年11月~2015年6月至我院以及中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院胃肠外科二区就诊的结直肠癌合并肝转移癌患者,将所有患者分为两组,观察组34例,对照组34例。观察组采取腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌同期切除术,对照组采取传统的开腹结直肠癌合并肝转移癌同期切除术。记录两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、总住院时间、术后并发症,对两组疗效、总生存期和无瘤生存期进行分析。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、总住院时间与对照组相比,有统计学意义(P0.05);虽然观察组的术并发症比对照组低,但两组术后并发症比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌一期联合切除安全可行,总体临床效果优于开腹手术。     

结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制研究进展

目的对近年来国内外就结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制研究进展的文献进行总结,旨在为结直肠癌肝转移的诊治及研究提供帮助。方法复习近年来国内外针对结直肠癌肝转移的文献并进行综述。结果影响结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制复杂,如microRNA-192可通过多个靶点抑制结直肠癌肝转移,microRNA-181a则可以促进结直肠癌肝转移。转化生长因子β(Transforming growth factor beta,TGF-β)通过抑制细胞增殖和Smad依赖性信号传导诱导细胞凋亡,起到抑制肿瘤生长的作用。CEA水平的升高不仅对结直肠癌的诊断提供帮助,作为结直肠癌患者的预后指标,CEA还影响结直肠癌细胞在血管中的存活、改变肝脏微环境以及循环肿瘤细胞在肝脏中的黏附和存活,促进肝转移。结论结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制尚未完全阐明,通过对结直肠癌肝转移机制的深入研究,可为结直肠癌肝转移提供分子靶向治疗靶点,如贝伐单抗、西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗等。检测结直肠癌患者血清学CEA的变化,可以有助于结直肠癌的诊断、判断复发和预后以及转移情况。     

新辅助化疗对结直肠癌肝转移老年患者的效果及安全性

目的 探讨新辅助化疗对结直肠癌肝转移老年患者的有效性和安全性。方法 对2016年2月至2019年5月就诊于安徽省庐江县中医院（46例）和河南省人民医院（34例）的80例结直肠癌同时性肝转移老年患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对照组（n=40）行腹腔镜原发灶切除+肝转移灶同期/分期切除手术+术后XELOX方案化疗,观察组（n=40）在对照组基础上术前行XELOX方案新辅助化疗,术后随访12个月。结果 观察组新辅助化疗后原发灶的临床分期较化疗前明显好转（χ²=5.12,P=0.021）,肝转移灶直径缩小[（6.4±3.8）cm vs （4.2±3.0）cm,t=2.74,P=0.008]。两组手术时间、排气时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,观察组术中出血量少于对照组[（725.4±61.8）mL vs （842.6±167.1）mL,t=3.33,P=0.001],术后不良反应发生率高于对照组[47.50%（19/40） vs 12.50%（5/40）,χ²=11.67,P<0.001];术后6个月KPS评分高于对照组[（67.38±12.39）vs （51.03±10.55）,t=6.35,P<0.001];术后12个月肿瘤复发率低于对照组[15.38%（6/39） vs 37.50%（15/40）,χ²=4.9,P=0.026],两组术后12个月病死率无统计学差异[7.69%（3/39） vs12.5%（5/40）,P>0.05]。结论 新辅助化疗可提高结直肠癌肝转移老年患者客观缓解率,降低近期肿瘤复发率,改善患者术后功能状态,但会增加患者术后不良反应,能否在临床推广仍需进一步大样本研究。     

Impact of parenchymal preserving surgery on survival and recurrence after liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis

Background

This study aimed to investigate the impact of non‐anatomical liver resection (NAR) versus anatomical resection (AR) in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), with regard to perioperative and long‐term outcomes.

Methods

Analysis of prospectively collected data for patients with CRLM who underwent either AR or NAR between January 1993 and August 2011 was performed. The impact of AR and NAR on morbidity, mortality, margin positivity, redo liver resections, overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) was analysed.

Results

A total of 1574 resections for CRLM were performed. A total of 249 were redo resections and 334 patients underwent combined AR and NAR, hence, 583 were excluded. In total, 582 AR and 409 NAR were performed. The median age was 66 years (range 23.8–91.8). Median follow up was 32.2 months (interquartile range 17.5–56.9). The need for postoperative transfusion (11.6% versus 2.2%, P = <0.0001), overall complications (25% versus 10.7%, P < 0.0001) and 90‐day mortality (4.9% versus 1.2%, P < 0.0001) was higher in the AR group. R0 and R1 resection rates (AR 26.2% NAR 25%, P = 0.69) and number of patients with intrahepatic recurrence was similar between the two groups (AR 17.5% NAR 22%, P = 0.08). However, the need for redo liver surgery was higher in NAR group 15.4% versus 8.7% (P < 0.001). The OS (NAR 34.1 months versus AR 31.4 months, P = 0.002) and DFS were longer in the NAR group (NAR 18.8 months versus AR 16.9 months, P = 0.031).

Conclusions

A parenchymal preserving surgery (NAR) is associated with lower complication rates and better OS and DFS when compared with AR without compromising margin status. However, NAR increases the need for repeat liver resections.     

大肠癌肝转移综合治疗的研究进展

大肠癌是发病率和病死率均较高的恶性肿瘤,肝转移是大肠癌最常见的转移方式,大肠癌肝转移的防治直接关系到患者的预后.国内外关于大肠癌肝转移治疗的研究很多,肝转移灶切除术是有手术指征患者的主要治疗之一,其他包括化疗、姑息治疗以及免疫基因治疗是手术治疗的有力补充.本文对大肠癌肝转移综合治疗的适应证、禁忌证、治疗方法、效果等方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

Optimizing the approach to patients with potentially resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer

Liver metastases are a common event in colorectal carcinoma. Significant advances have been made in managing these patients in the last decade, including improvements in staging and surgical techniques, an increasing armamentarium of chemotherapeutics and multiple local ablative techniques. While combination chemotherapy significantly improves median patient survival, surgical resection provides the only prospect of cure and is the focus of this review. Interpretation of published work in this field is challenging, particularly as there is no consensus to what is resectable disease. Of particular interest recently has been the use of neoadjuvant treatment for downstaging and downsizing disease in patients with initially unresectable liver metastases, in the hope of response leading to potentially curative surgery. This review summarizes the recent developments and consensus guidelines in the areas of staging, chemotherapy, local ablative techniques, radiation therapy and surgery, emphasizing the multidisciplinary approach to this disease and ongoing controversies in this field and examines the changing paradigms in the management of colorectal hepatic metastases.     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移的同期手术切除

目的探讨同时性结直肠癌肝转移行同期切除原发瘤和肝转移瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性总结分析从1981年5月至2005年11月在我院住院治疗的43例结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期手术的临床病理资料及结果并结合文献复习。结果43例患者中男性21例,女性22例,中位年龄52岁,手术持续中位时间180min。共30例术中输血,中位输血量800ml。术后总住院时间10—50d,中位时间15d。并发症发生率18．6％（8／43）,手术死亡率2．3％（1／43）。全组总的中位生存期为25个月,5年生存率19．1％。R0切除组的中位生存期48个月,5年生存率33．8％;非R0切除组的中位生存期为20个月,5年生存率7．6％。两组的生存时间经LogRank检验差异明显,P=0．002。结论同时性结直肠癌肝转移同期手术的安全性和有效性可以保证。对可切除的同时性结直肠癌肝转移应争取同期手术,并争取R0切除。     

The impact of surgical resection of the primary tumor on the development of synchronous colorectal liver metastasis: a systematic review

Background: In recent years different therapeutic strategies for synchronously liver metastasized colorectal cancer were described. Apart from the classical staged surgical approach, simultaneous and liver-first strategies are now commonly used. One theoretical drawback of the classical approach is, however, the stimulatory effect on liver metastases growth that may result from resection of the primary tumour. This systematic review, therefore, aims to investigate the current insights on the stimulatory effects of colorectal surgery on the growth of synchronous colorectal liver metastases in humans.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase. Articles investigating the effects of colorectal surgery on synchronous colorectal liver metastases were included. Primary endpoints were metastatic tumor volume, metabolic and proliferative activity and tumour vascularization.

Results: Four articles meeting the selection criteria were found involving 200 patients. These studies investigate the effects of resection of the primary tumour on synchronous liver metastases using histological and radiological techniques. These papers support a possible stimulatory effect of resection of the primary tumor.

Conclusions: Some limited evidence supports the hypothesis that colorectal surgery might stimulate the growth and development of synchronous colorectal liver metastases.     

结肠癌伴肝转移同期切除影响预后相关因素分析

目的 探讨结肠癌伴肝转移行同期切除影响病人预后的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年6月第二军医大学附属东方肝胆外科医院综合治疗三科结肠癌伴肝转移行同期切除59例的临床资料。结果 年龄、性别、CEA水平、门静脉化疗泵内局部化疗及肝转移灶大小、数目和位置对病人生存时间具有影响。结论 肝肿瘤的大小、位置、数目、CEA水平虽对预后有影响,但均为不可控因素,而术中及术后门静脉化疗泵内局部化疗为可控因素。术中及术后门静脉化疗泵内局部化疗并配合全身化疗者预后明显好于未给予者（P=0.0076）。