病毒性肝炎中庚肝病毒感染的分子流行病学调查

为探讨山东地区各型病毒性肝炎中庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）的感染状况,采用逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应法（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）检测１５９例病毒性肝炎血清ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ。结果表明：甲型和戊型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ均阴性。乙型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ的检出率,在急性肝炎（０／２０）、慢性肝炎（２／５０）、肝硬变（１／１０）和慢性重型肝炎（１／５）依次升高。慢性丙型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ的检出率为３０．０％。非甲－戊（ＮＡ－Ｅ）型     

ELISA检测血清戊型肝炎病毒IgM型抗体

用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ。３０份抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性急性肝炎患者血清中，抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性１３份，阳性率４３．３％，抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性结果可被加入的ＤＴＴ所阻断，但不受ＨＡＡｇ，ＨＢｃＡｇ或ＨＢｅＡｇ的影响。因此抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ的特异性较高，对戊型病毒性肝炎的诊断有一定价值。     

60例散发性急性病毒性肝炎的病原学分型

对６０例已排除甲型、乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染的急性病毒性肝炎患者，以酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测抗－ＨＣＶ、抗－ＨＥＶ、抗－ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＨＤＶ－Ａｇ、抗－ＨＤＶ－ＩｇＭ，抗－ＨＤＶ、抗－ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ及抗－ＥＢＶ－ＩｇＭ，同时应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ。结果表明：１３．３％（８／６０）为丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染，６１．７％（３７／６０）为戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ）感染，     

ELISA检测血清戊型肝炎病毒IgM型抗体

用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ。３０份抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性急性肝炎患者血清中，抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性１３份，阳性率４３．３％。抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性结果可被加入的ＤＴＴ所阻断，但不受ＨＡＡｇ，ＨＢｃＡｓ或ＨＢｅＡｇ的影响。因此抗ＨＥＶ－ＩｇＭ的特异性较高，对戊型病毒性肝炎的诊断有一定价值。     

庚型病毒性肝炎67例临床报告

分析庚型病毒性肝炎的临床特点。方法：全部病例入院后检测甲－戊型肝炎病毒标志及肝功能试验。按ＨＧＶ采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法，ＨＧＶＲＮＡ采用ＲＴ－ＲＣＲ法。结果与讨论：在６７例ＨＧＶ感染者中，单纯ＨＧＶ感染１０例，ＨＧＶ合并欺 炎病毒５７例，单纯感染者中以急为主，合并感染者并ＨＢＶ＋ＨＧＶ感染最多３７例。     

310例病毒性肝炎中戊型肝炎病毒感染状况分析

作者对３１０例病毒性肝炎患者进行特异性血清抗－ＨＥＶ检测，结果有８３例抗－ＨＥＶ阳性，表明本地区存在散发性戊型肝炎感染，此外，对单纯戊型肝炎和戊型肝炎重叠其它嗜肝病毒感染的状况进行了初步临床分析。     

戊型病毒性肝炎研究的进展

戊型病毒性肝炎研究的进展广州市第二人民医院内科（５１０１５０）陈朝永五种病毒性肝炎中戊型病毒性肝炎（ＶｉｒａｌｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＥ，ＨＥ）的研究，近年来随着有效检测方法的建立取得了重大进展。本文仅就近几年国内外有关ＨＥ某些研究的进展作一简述。－、病原...     

病毒性肝炎中庚肝病毒感染的分子流行病学调查

为探讨山东地区各型病毒性肝炎中庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）的感染状况,采用逆转录－套式聚合酶链反应法（ＲＴ－ｎＰＣＲ）检测１５９例病毒性肝炎血清ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ。结果表明：甲型和戊型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ均阴性。乙型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ的检出率,在急性肝炎（０／２０）、慢性肝炎（２／５０）、肝硬变（１／１０）和慢性重型肝炎（１／５）依次升高。慢性丙型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ的检出率为３０．０％。非甲－戊（ＮＡ－Ｅ）型肝炎ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ的检出率为２３．３％,且在急性肝炎（２／１５）、慢性肝炎（２／８）、肝硬变（３／５）中依次升高。肝细胞癌４例,２例ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性。本组ＨＧＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性１９例中,８例有输血史,７例有多次住院史,４例感染来源不清。提示ＨＧＶ感染常见于乙、丙、非甲－戊型肝炎和肝癌中,其感染途径可能与输血和医院内传播有关。     

散发性急性病毒性肝炎的血清学调查

笔者对２００８例散发性急性病毒性肝炎的血清标本，用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法进行ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ，ＨＢｓＡｇ／或抗ＨＢｃ－ＩｇＭ，ＨＣＶ－Ａｂ，ＨＥＣ－Ａｂ检测，结果发现ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性９６７例，ＨＢｓＡｇ和／或抗ＨＢｃ－ＩｇＭ阳性５６２例，ＨＣＶ－Ａｂ阳性６９例，ＨＥＶ－Ａｂ阳性２４６例，尚有１６４例，为非甲乙丙戊型肝炎，结果提示人群中甲型肝炎发病率最高。     

大理地区戊型肝炎病毒感染病例分析

目的：了解大理地区戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ） 感染状况。方法：对３９８ 例病毒性肝炎进行血清病原学检测和肝功能检查。结果：ＨＥＶ感染６１ 例（１５－３２％ ） ,其中单纯感染１５ 例（２４－５９ ％ ） ,合并感染４６ 例７５－４１％ ） ,以ＨＢＶ＋ ＨＥＶ感染模式最多见（４４－２３％ ） 。ＨＥＶ合并其它病毒感染后,病情重,黄疸深,恢复慢（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５） 。结论：散发性戊型肝炎不少见,ＨＥＶ可与任何一种或多种肝炎病毒合并感染。如何防治戊型肝炎的重叠感染应引起注意。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.