CGRP、NO和ET在甘油所致大鼠急性肾功能衰竭中的变化及氨氯地平对其的影响

目的：观察甘油所致急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）大鼠血浆降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（ET）的变化及钙通道阻滞剂（CCB）氨氯地平对其的影响。方法：检测正常和甘油所致ARF大鼠不同时间血浆CGRP、ET和血清NO水平的变化，并观察应用氨氯地平对肾脏功能及血浆CGRP，ET和血清NO的影响。结果：甘油所致ARF大鼠血浆CGRP、NO水平明显降低（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）；血浆ET明显升高（P＜0．05），氨氯地平治疗组肾损害减轻（P＜0．05），CGRP、NO显著升高（P＜0．01，P＜0．05）而ET明显降低（P＜0．05）。结论：CGRP、NO的降低和ET的升高可能参与甘油所致ARF的形成和进展，氨氯地平对肾脏功能保护作用可能与其升高CGRP、NO和降低ET有关。     

偏头痛患者血浆内皮素和血管紧张素Ⅱ含量初步观察

目的：观察偏头痛患者血浆中内皮素（ET）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AⅡ）含量变化。方法；采用放射免疫方法，对38例无先兆型偏头痛患者及25例正常人血浆ET，AⅡ含量进行测定。结果：与正常对照组相比，偏头痛组的ET，AⅡ均增高，差异有显著性（P均＜0．01），重度头痛患者血浆ET含量显著高于轻，中度头痛患者（P＜0．01）；偏头痛患者伴面色苍白者，其血浆AⅡ含量显著高于不伴苍白者（P＜0．05）。但ET和AⅡ无相关性。结论：ET在偏头痛发病机制中起重要作用，AⅡ也参与了发病过程。     

养心康对心肌肥大型心力衰竭大鼠血浆ET、CGRP含量的影响

目的：探讨心肌肥大型心力衰竭大鼠血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平的变化及养心康（由人参、麦冬、毛 冬青等组成）的作用机理。方法：大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素共13d以制备心肌肥大型心力衰竭模型，采用放射免疫分析法观察各组动物血浆ET、CGRP水平的变化。结果：模型组大鼠血浆ET含量比正常对照组显著升高（P＜0．01），CGRP含量则比正常对照组显著降低（P＜0．01），而养心康能降低ET（P＜0．01）和升高CGRP含量（P＜0．01），其大剂量组的疗效接近地高辛。结论：ET、CGRP是参与心力衰竭发病的重要体液因素，二者之间的失衡是心力衰竭发生、发展的重要原因。而养心康的作用机理与纠正失衡的ET／CGRP比值有关。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（2－DM）患者合并视网膜病变（DR）和肾病（DN）时与内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的关系。方法 应用免疫法测定了68例2－DM患者和28例正常对照者血浆ET和CGRP水平，并分析其相互关系。结果 2－DM患者血浆ET水平较对照组明显升高（P＜0．01），血浆CGRP水平较对照组明显降低（P＜0．01）。合并DR与合并DN组血浆ET水平均明显高于对照组及无并发症组，而血浆CGRP水平明显低于无并发症组及对照组。血浆ET与CGRP含量呈明显的负相关。结论 血浆ET及CGRP水平的变化可能同糖尿病的慢性微血管并发症的发生发展相关。     

高血压病不同血压分级患者血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽变化及非洛地平对其影响

目的：探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者不同血压水平与血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）浓度之间的关系以及非洛地平对其浓度的影响。方法：将86例住院EH患者,按1999年WHO／ISH标准高血压分级为1级28例,2级36例,3级22例。健康对照组30例,所有EH患者在非洛地平治疗前,后进行24小时动态血压监测,血浆ET和CGRP浓度的测定。结果：EH患者血浆ET水平明显高于对照组,CGRP水平明显低于对照组（均P＜0．01）,随着EH血压分级的增高,ET水平增高,CGRP水平降低（均P＜0．05－0．01）,非洛地平治疗后,EH患者血压和血浆ET明显下降,CGRP明显增高（P＜0．01）,结论：EH患者血浆ET和CGRP含量与血压水平密切相关,非洛地平降压疗效确切,并能降低患者血浆ET,升高CGRP。     

脑梗死患者血浆神经肽Y、降钙素基因相关肽、神经降压素、胃动素动态变化及其临床意义

目的：观察脑梗死（CI）患者神经肽Y（NPY）、神经降压素（NT）、胃动素（MTL）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）浓度变化及其临床意义。方法：选择CI62例,用放免法检测血浆NPY、NT、MTL与CGRP浓度。结果：NPY、NT与MTL浓度显著高于对照组（P＜0．0001）;于发病后24h内显著升高,7d内达高峰,8－15d开始下降,15d后仍在较镐水平。NPY浓度重型与大灶组显著高于轻型（P＜0．05）与小灶组（P＜0．01）;发病积分≥6分组显著高于＜6分组（P＜0．05）;高血压组显著高于正常血压组（P＜0．05）。NT与MTL浓度重型组显著高于中（P＜0．05）、轻型组（P＜0．01）;高血糖组显著高于正常血糖组（P＜0．01）。CGRP浓度显著低于对照组（P＜0．0001）,发病24h内即显著降低,2－7d进一步降低,8－15d开始升高,15d后逐渐升至正常水平。重型与大灶组显著高于轻型（P＜0．0001）、中型（P＜0．01）与小灶组（P＜0．01）;伴发病积分≥6分组显著低于＜6分组（P＜0．05）。结论：CI患者NPY、NT、MTL、CGRP浓度变化以7d内最显著,15d后逐渐恢复正常水平;四种浓度监测可作为判断CI患者病情严重程度、病灶大小及伴发病的实验室指标。     

Binswanger病80例患者血浆内皮素与降钙素基因相关肽的对比研究

目的：探讨血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）在Binswanger病（BD）发病中的作用。方法：应用放射免疫分析法规定80例BD患者血浆ET和CGRP含量，并与30例正常人比较。结果：BD患者与正常对照组比较，患者血浆盯的含量显著升高（P＜0．01），CGRP含量显著降低（P＜0．01），ET／CGRP比值也明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：BD发病时血浆ET含量异常增高，CGRP含量明显降低，ET与CGRP比例失调，测定它们的含量与变化，对于判断病情变化和预后以及应用CGRP治疗BD具有重要的理论和临床意义。     

卡托普利对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发性高血压患者血浆ET及ANP的影响

本文测定Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发性高血压患者血浆内皮素（ET）及心钠素（ANP），并进行治疗前后对比研究。发现Ⅰ、Ⅱ期原发性高血压患者ET及ANP均高于正常对照组（P＜0．05，P＜0.01）。Ⅱ期原发性高血压ET含量高于Ⅰ期，有显著差异性（P＜0．01），而ANP无差异性（P＞0．05）。用卡托普利治疗后患者ET及ANP均有明显降低（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。说明ET及ANP在原发性高血压中起了重要作用，转换酶抑制剂是治疗原发性高血压较为理想的药物。     

慢性肺原性心脏病病人血浆内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽水平的检测

目的：对不同临床分期慢性肺原性心及病病人血浆内皮素－1（ET－1）及降钙基因相关肽（CGRP）进行检测,方法：采用放射免疫法对标本进行测定,以呼吸系统急性感染病人的作为对照。结果：代偿期肺原性心脏病病人血浆ET－1水平显著高于对照组（P＜0．01）,而CGRP水平无差异,失代偿期病人ET－1水平显著高于代偿期病人（P＜0．05）,CGRP水平无差异,失代偿期病人ET－1水平显著高于代谢期病人（P＜0．05）,CGRP水平则显著低于代偿期病人（P＜0．01）,结论：ET－1及CGRP在慢性阻塞性疾病的发生和发展过程中起一定作用。且与疾病的严重程度相关。     

贝那普利对高血压病患者血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽、D-二聚体水平的影响

目的：探讨贝那普利对高血压病患者血浆内皮素（ET）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、D-二聚体（D-dimer）水平的影响。方法：高血压病组（治疗组，58例）121服贝那普利[（10～20）mg／d]8周；检测治疗组治疗前、后血浆ET、CGRP、D-dimer的水平。并与对照组（38例）比较。结果：治疗前。治疗组血浆ET、D-dimer水平均较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）；CGRP水平较对照组明显降低（P〈0.01）。治疗组口服贝那普利2周后，收缩压和舒张压明显降低（P〈0．05）；维持治疗8周，BP稳定，血浆ET、D-dimer水平则较治疗前显著降低（P〈0．01）。血浆CGRP水平较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：贝那普利在降低BP的同时可使高血压病患者血浆ET、D-dimer水平降低，CGRP水平升高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.