Ⅰ期开窗减压、Ⅱ期刮治术在下颌骨大型囊肿治疗中的应用

目的 探讨采用Ⅰ期开窗减压与Ⅱ期囊肿刮治联合术式治疗下颌骨大型囊肿并保持下颌骨完整性的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2011年6月—2013年6月年蚌埠医学院第一附属医院口腔科手术治疗的28例下颌骨大型囊肿患者的临床资料。其中男18例、女10例,年龄9～84岁;囊肿长轴4.5~14.3 cm;牙源性角化囊肿12例,含牙囊肿16例。均采用Ⅰ期开窗减压、Ⅱ期刮治术治疗,术后定期随访,根据临床表现及X线检查评估囊肿缩小的程度。结果 所有患者在Ⅰ期开窗减压术后囊腔均有明显缩小,囊腔内成骨明显。Ⅰ期手术后12～22个月,囊腔变化趋于稳定时行Ⅱ期刮治术。Ⅱ期手术前,口腔曲面体层X线片示:囊腔长轴平均缩小76%。Ⅱ期刮治术后患者下颌骨及牙齿得以保留。28例患者均随访1～3年,平均14个月,随访期间均未见囊肿复发。结论 联合应用Ⅰ期开窗减压、Ⅱ期刮治术治疗下颌骨大型囊肿,既能保存颌骨,又能缩短单独开窗减压术的治疗时间,是下颌骨大型囊肿的优选治疗方法。     

CA9 level in renal cyst fluid: a possible molecular diagnosis of malignant tumours

Aims:  The preoperative differentiation of malignant renal cystic tumours from benign lesions is critical, and it remains a common diagnostic problem. The aim was to examine if the Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) level in cyst fluid can provide a molecular diagnosis of malignant cyst.
Methods and results:  Twenty-eight patients with a cystic renal mass were included. Fine-needle aspiration was performed to obtain the fluid. Postoperative pathology confirmed that there were 16 cystic renal cell carcinomas. Twelve benign cystic tumours were used as controls. One hundred microlitres of supernatant of cyst fluid was used to measure the CA9 protein level, which was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. CA9 was strongly detected and considered as positive in the cyst fluid of all 16 cystic malignant tumours (>1000 pg/ml), whereas its expression was negative in 11/12 benign cystic tumours (<300 pg/ml). The difference in percentages of positive CA9 between malignant and benign renal cystic tumours was significant ( P  < 0.001).
Conclusion:  The fluid of malignant cystic renal tumours contains a high level of CA9 protein. The measurement of CA9 level in cyst fluid may be used as a molecular diagnosis for differentiation between malignant and benign renal cystic masses.     

The place of fine-needle aspiration in the preoperative diagnosis of the congenital sublingual teratoid cyst

The term "teratoid cyst" was first used by Meyer in his classification of dysontogenetic cysts of the cervicofacial region, which was based on the type of germinative layers included in the cyst wall. Sublingual location of a dermoid cyst is not common, with an incidence of 1.6%. The teratoid cyst is the least common, accounting for 1.8% of sublingual dermoid cysts, and such lesions are extremely rare in infancy. In our case, a 7-mo-old male infant was referred with a sublingual mass. Ultrasonography yielded a cystic mass with internal echoes but no specific diagnosis. The smears obtained from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) displayed sheets of large, benign-appearing, anucleated and nucleated squamous cells. There were a number of neutrophils, which had no significant importance. No atypical cells were observed. According to the clinical picture and FNA findings, it appeared to be a cystic structure of keratogenous origin and could have been any type of dermoid cyst. The cyst was excised completely by the oral approach. On histopathological examination, the presence of skin appendages along with mature cartilage and respiratory epithelium confirmed the final diagnosis of a teratoid cyst. In conclusion, although FNA is not comparable with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it might be valuable for the diagnosis of lesions occurring in this anatomical location. It is safe, cost-effective, and reliable. FNA is not only able to help selecting the most appropriate surgical method, but also be used as a therapeutic modality in some emergencies or during surgery.     

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma and multilocular cyst of the kidney. Report of two cases of so-called multilocular cyst of the kidney.

Two cases of so-called multilocular cyst of the kidney are presented. Although both cases satisfied all of the criteria which characterize the multilocular cyst of the kidney, one had cystic lesions and neoplastic lesions (nephroblastoma-like lesions) and the other had only cystic lesions and was complicated with hamartoma. We prefer the term "cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma" as the diagnostic term for the former and "multilocular cyst of the kidney" for the latter. A study of 40 reported cases of multilocular cystic lesions of the kidney revealed that cases having only cystic lesions were distributed in all ages from 4.5 months to 71 years and that cases having neoplastic lesions were seen in infants from 4 months to 2 years.     

Detection of H3F3A p.G35W and p.G35R in giant cell tumor of bone by Allele Specific Locked Nucleic Acid quantitative PCR (ASLNAqPCR)

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) represents about 20% of benign bone tumors, is locally aggressive although malignant transformation is extremely rare, <1% of cases but 2–3% give pulmonary metastasis. Age at onset is between 20 and 40 years with a slight predominance for the female gender.GCT is characterized by specific mutations in H3F3A gene encoding the protein histone 3.3. The study of these mutations is important for the differential diagnosis with giant cell rich sarcomas, chondroblastoma and aneurysmal bone cyst.To identify the most frequent H3F3A mutations we developed a novel allele specific Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction method, based on Allele Specific Locked Nucleic Acid (ASLNAqPCR) that is here described. Molecular analyses were performed on 20 GCT and 2 osteosarcoma arising on a previous GCT. All cases were verified by Sanger sequencing. We demonstrated that ASLNAqPCR is a quick, sensitive and reliable method to identify mutations of the H3F3A gene, in giant cell tumor of bone, to support diagnosis in morphologically ambiguous cases.     

Evolution of renal cyst to renal carcinoma: a case report and review of literature

Background: Renal cyst is a common benign disease which is rare to progress from simple renal cyst to renal cell carcinoma. Case presentation: A 62-year-old woman who suffered a simple renal cyst for over 20 years complained intermittent lumbar in recent 2 years. At her latest admission, the cyst lesion displayed enhancement in the cystic wall by CT scan and cystic to partially solid change by ultrasound, so we did a partial nephrectomy and found that the cystic lesion had become a cyst-solid transition. The pathology turned out to be renal clear cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Although the canceration of a renal cyst is a small probability event, patients with a long history of a cyst, especially those with symptoms, need to seek for medical treatment in time, and if necessary, lesion biopsy or resection may be under consideration.     

Carcinosarcoma arising in a dermoid cyst of the ovary.

A case of carcinosarcoma arising within an otherwise benign cystic teratoma is reported. The patient, a 78 year old nulliparous woman, presented with right sided abdominal pain of short duration and subsequently underwent a bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy. Slicing of the left ovary revealed a unilocular cyst containing hair admixed with soft yellow material with a thin wall apart from a solid area at one pole. Extensive areas of necrosis and cystic degeneration were present within this mass. Histologically, the large cyst was a typical mature cystic teratoma, containing carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Mature cystic teratomas have been reported in association with a variety of malignant ovarian tumours such as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and malignant germ cell neoplasms. Secondary malignant transformation within a dermoid cyst is a much rarer occurrence, estimated as less than 2% of all such lesions. Adenocarcinomas are the second most common malignancies arising within dermoid cysts. Sarcomas alone or in combination with squamous carcinoma have been described arising in a mature cystic teratoma. To the best of our knowledge, no case of sarcoma arising in association with adenocarcinoma has been described before.     

Extracutaneous seborrheic inclusion cyst: an unusual presentation

Seborrheic inclusion cyst is an unusual variant of epidermal cyst characterized by parietal histology similar to seborrheic keratosis. Cysts with such changes have been called "seborrheic keratosis-like changes in epidermal cyst" or "epidermoid cyst with seborrheic verruca-like cyst wall" or simply "seborrheic cyst". To date, this lesion has been described exclusively in cutaneous sites. We describe the first case of an extracutaneous seborrheic inclusion cyst arising from round ligament. A 30-year-old female was referred to our institution for abdominal pain. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic heterogeneous, round mass adjacent to the lower extremity of the left ovary, measuring 4.5 cm in maximum diameter. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the pelvis in the venous phase showed a round (4.5 cm in diameter) cystic lesion with inhomogeneous fluid content in the side of the left large ligament and anterior to the homolateral adnexa. Laparoscopic resection of the mass was performed. Intraoperatively, an extraperitoneal glistening pelvic mass was discovered: the lesion was attached to the intrapelvic 1/3 middle portion of the left round ligament. Macroscopically, the mass measured 6 cm x 6 cm x 3.5 cm and exhibited a smooth and glistening external surface. On cut sections, the mass was an unilocular cyst filled with soft, yellow, amorphous material. Histologically, the cystic wall was lined by a stratified squamous epithelium with a granular cell layer. The cavity contained keratin-like material. The cystic wall showed numerous areas with close-set basaloid cells and pseudohorn cysts. The latter aspect consisted of cystic invaginations of the epithelium filled with surface keratin, which in a given microscopic section may be cut in cross-section, thereby appeared as "cysts" within the involved epithelium. Parietal rupture was present, accompanied by granulomatous inflammation. There were no postoperative complications, and the patient was discharged 3 days after the procedure. The present case is unique in that it is the first reported case of an extracutaneous seborrheic inclusion cyst arising from a very unusual site, namely the round ligament. The site of origin of the lesion and its cystic nature were established by computed tomography findings. Conservative treatment with enbloc resection was possible. Histological examination confirmed computed tomography findings. The present report described a lesion typically found in dermatopathology practice, but which had arisen in an extracutaneous site.     

Prevesical hydatid cyst: an exceptional occurrence

Echinococcal cysts usually involve the liver; extrahepatic localization is reported in 11% of all cases of abdominal hydatid disease. We report a case of a prevesical hydatid cyst. A 53-year-old man was admitted with a large suprapubic mass. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a cystic mass situated in front of the urinary bladder. There were no cysts in any other location. Serological tests were positive for Echinococcus. The patient was operated on and the cyst was completely excised. The pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Echinococcosis. Isolated hydatid cyst situated in front of the urinary bladder has never been described in the literature. Hydatid cyst should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominopelvic masses in endemic regions, before any procedure like puncture, biopsy or cystectomy, in order to avoid dissemination of the cystic contents or an anaphylactic shock.     

CYSTIC PARTIALLY DIFFERENTIATED NEPHROBLASTOMA AND MULTILOCULAR CYST OF THE KIDNEY

Two cases of so-called multilocular cyst of the kidney are presented. Although both cases satisfied all of the criteria which characterize the multilocular cyst of the kidney, one had cystic lesions and neoplastic lesions (neph-roblastoma-like lesions) and the other had only cystic lesions and was complicated with hamartoma. We prefer the term 'cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma' as the diagnostic term for the former and 'multilocular cyst of the kidney' for the latter. A study of 40 reported cases of multilocular cystic lesions of the kidney revealed that cases having only cystic lesions were distributed in all ages from 4.5 months to 71 years and that cases having neoplastic lesions were seen in infants from 4 months to 2 years. ACTA PATH. SAP. 29 : 411–478, 1979.     

Kyste hydatique primitif de la glande surrénale chez une patiente porteuse de situs inversus. À propos d’une observation

Primary hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland remains an exceptional localization. The adrenal gland is an uncommon site even in our country in which echinococcal disease is endemic. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who consulted for left back pain. The CT scan showed a cystic mass in the left retroperitoneal area with a calcified wall. The patient underwent surgery which confirmed a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the left adrenal gland. The surgical treatment consisted on a total resection of the cyst, without rupture of the cystic wall and preserving the gland. The diagnosis was confirmed on macroscopic and histological examination of the resected piece. The postoperative course was uneventful. No recurrence had occurred after 36 months of follow-up.     

A case of epidermoid cyst of the intrapancreatic accessory spleen

A 54-year-old woman presented with a huge palpable mass on left upper quadrant of the abdomen. After preoperative work-up, a cystic disease of pancreatic tail or accessory spleen was initially suspected. We performed exploratory laparotomy and resected both the spleen and a 15 x 11 cm-sized huge cystic mass containing a part of solid component which extended continuously to the pancreatic tail. The solid component, comprising the upper portion of the resected cyst, was reddish brown and granular like as normal splenic tissue. The inner surface of the cyst was smooth and was filled with yellowish white material. Histologic examination showed an epidermoid cyst originating in the accessory spleen of the pancreatic tail lacking hair or skin appendages.     

Cytokeratin7 expression in histologic and cytologic specimens of cystic neck metastasis from HPV positive squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil: A case report

The majority of cystic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the neck have been shown to be metastatic tumors from tonsillar SCCs associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV). Recent studies have demonstrated cytokeratin (CK)7 involvement in the development of HPV positive SCC, but no report has been issued on its simultaneous expression in primary tonsillar and metastatic tumor with cystic change. We present a case of HPV positive tonsillar SCC of a 42‐year‐old male that initially manifested as a cystic neck mass expressing CK7, CK19, and p16 in primary and metastatic tumors. Immunohistochemical examination revealed diffuse CK19 and p16 expression, and patchy CK7 expression in the solid components of primary and metastatic tumors. However, in cystic components of metastatic tumors the expression of CK7 and CK19 was preserved but p16 expression was absent, which was consistent with immunocytochemical findings of fine‐needle aspirates from cystic neck mass. In immunocytochemistry performed on aspirates of a branchial cleft cyst for the comparison of cystic SCC and benign cyst, CK19 staining was positive but CK7 and p16 staining was negative. These results suggest that CK7 immunocytochemistry on aspirated material from cystic neck mass may be a useful adjunct for distinguishing cystic metastasis of tonsillar SCC from branchial cleft cyst, although a larger scale study would be required.     

Solitary luteinized follicle cyst of pregnancy and puerperium

We report a huge ovarian solitary luteinized follicle cyst (SLFC) that contained 17 liters of fluid. Computed tomography scan revealed a 32 x 32 x 20 cm right simple cystic ovarian mass without calcification or septation. The fluid was removed, and the collapsed unilocular cyst was examined pathologically. No solid or papillary areas were identified. The cyst wall lining was composed of multiple layers of luteinized cells of variable size and shape with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and focally enlarged, pleomorphic, and hyperchromatic nuclei. Nests of luteinized cells were embedded within the fibrous tissue of the cyst wall. These findings are characteristic of solitary luteinized follicle cyst of pregnancy. Even though less than 15 cysts of this kind have been recorded, one should consider this uncommon, benign, non-neoplastic cystic ovarian lesion in the differential diagnosis of other cystic ovarian lesions.     

Les complications pariétales du kyste hydatique du foie. à propos de deux cas en Tunisie

The aim of this study is to consider the parietal complications of the hydatid cyst of the liver: the subcutaneous rupture of the cyst and spontaneous cutaneous fistula of liver hydatid cyst. 1^st case: A 24-year-old woman, who underwent surgery 10 years ago for hydatid cyst of the liver, was admitted for a right hypochondrium mass and a fistula draining clear liquid containing cystic elements. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large cystic lesion in the subcutaneous tissue communicating with another cystic mass in the liver. The diagnosis of a cyst-cutaneous fistula due to a peritoneal hydatid cyst was established. The patient underwent surgical treatment and recovered uneventfully. 2^nd case: A 40-year-old woman presented with a mass in her right hypochondrium. The diagnosis of subcutaneous rupture of a hydatid cyst of liver was established by ultrasonography and CT-scan. The patient underwent surgical treatment and recovered uneventfully. Parietal complications of hydatid cyst of the liver are extremely rare, clinical presentation can be derailing. The diagnosis is usually established by ultrasonography and CT-scan.     

Retreatment of recurrent cystic craniopharyngioma with chromic phosphorus P 32

A cystic craniopharyngioma in a two-year-old boy recurred six months after surgery and postoperative external-beam radiotherapy. Successful retreatment was accomplished with radioisotope injection of 0.5 mCi of chromic phosphorus P 32 into the intracranial cyst, which delivered approximately 300.00 Gy to the cyst wall. The patient''s symptoms were relieved, and he is without evidence of disease or cystic fluid accumulation four years after intracavitary ³²P irradiation.     

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a giant urachal cyst associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and stromal osseous metaplasia

An unusual urachal lesion, which Is a muclnous adenocarcinoma arising in a giant urachal cyst and is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and stromal osseous metaplasia of the cyst wall, was examlned in a 45-year-old male. m cyst was encapsulated, measured 22×20 ×20 cm and weighed 3800 g. The unilocular cavlty was filled with much. Most of the cystic cavity was lined with tall, slmple or stratifled columnar eplthellum wlth a focus of papillary provon into the cavity. These findings suggest that this cystic lesion represents cystadenoma rather than a simple cyst. Foci of lnvasive moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarclnoma were detected in the area of macroscopic papillary fronds. Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19–9 were immunohistochemically positive for tumor cells and their serum levels were also elevated. Stromal dystrophic calcification was extensively observed In the cyst wall with focl of osseous metaplasia. Muclnous Implants, whlch histologically demonstrated adherent muclnous masses without epithellal components on the surface, were observed in the pelvic and abdominal cavity, lndicating pseudomyxoma peritonei.     

妊娠期50克葡萄糖负荷实验的临床研究

目的探讨50g葡萄糖负荷实验(GCT)血糖值的临床意义。方法对产前检查孕妇行GDM筛查、详细记录孕妇年龄、孕产次、身高、孕前体重及行GCT时体重、行GCT的孕周、不良孕产史、家族史、本次妊娠合并症及并发症情况等。分析GCT值与上述指标的关系。结果1.GCT阳性率24.01%,确诊GDM 15例,G IGT 61例,GDM和G IGT患病率分别为2.57%和10.46%。GCT阳性者中存在糖耐量异常者占(76/140)54.29%。若取8.3mmol/L为GCT切点,将减少25.71%的OGTT检查率而能发现100%的GDM和91.8%的G IGT。2.GCT假阳性共64例,其中小于32w者23例,在32~34w进行了重复筛查,发现GDM 1例(4.35%),G IGT 4例(17.39%)。3.GCT值与体重、BM I、孕期增重正相关。GCT血糖值与G IGT和GDM的发生率正相关。4.GCT阳性组早产和羊水过多发生率分别为8.57%和7.86%,显著高于GCT阴性组的2.27%和1.35%(P<0.001)。结论GCT值本身具有临床意义,应重视对GCT假阳性的重复筛查:GCT假阳性也是围产不良结局的独立因素。     

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with high carcinoembryonic antigen

A large mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas was found that showed a remarkably high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in cyst content. Staining for CEA was also detected in the lining epithelium. These findings indicate that columnar epithelial cells secrete CEA that accumulates in the cyst. We suggest that a CEA level determination of the cyst fluid, along with CEA immunoperoxidase staining on cell preparations, may prove useful in providing an accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumors.     

Ciliated foregut cyst of pancreas: cytologic findings on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration

The cytologic findings of a ciliated foregut cyst of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are described. Cytologic features of ciliated foregut cysts include the presence of ciliated columnar cells and detached ciliary tufts in a cystic fluid background with amorphous debris and rare macrophages. These cytologic findings are clearly distinct from those of cystic mucinous neoplasms and other pancreatic cysts with which the ciliated foregut cyst may be confused. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting the cytologic findings of a pancreatic ciliated foregut cyst sampled by endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA. We believe that the distinctive and characteristic cytologic features can allow a preoperative cytologic diagnosis of this highly unusual pancreatic cystic lesion.