滁州市医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的了解滁州市医疗机构消毒工作状况,为消毒管理工作提供依据。方法收集1999~2005年各类医疗机构消毒监测资料进行统计分析。结果采样监测合格率市级、县级、乡镇呈逐年上升趋势,村卫生室(含个体诊所)变化不大;市级医院高于县级医院,县级医院高于乡镇级卫生院,乡镇卫生院高于村卫生室。结论加强消毒知识培训、健全消毒规章制度、改善更新消毒设备和方法、加强消毒工作监测管理是预防和减少医源性感染的有效手段。     

2010—2012年龙门县医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

目的了解龙门县医疗机构的消毒质量情况,为采取预防院内感染措施提供科学依据。方法按卫生部《消毒技术规范》及国家标准GB15982—1995《医院消毒卫生标准》进行抽样监测及评价。结果 2010—2012年共抽样4 632份,合格3 872份,平均合格率为83.59%;各类样品中使用中消毒剂、灭菌医疗用品、压力蒸汽灭菌效果、医护人员手、物体表面、无菌器械浸泡液、室内空气的合格率分别为98.96%、76.12%、93.69%、81.01%、83.70%、86.84%、66.39%;各医疗机构中县级医院、镇级医院、乡(村)卫生站、民营医院及个体诊所合格率分别为86.32%、87.50%、86.04%、66.25%。结论医疗机构应加强室内空气和医疗用品的消毒、灭菌工作,卫生监督部门应加大对民营医院、个体诊所的监督和监测力度。     

河南省叶县医疗机构消毒质量的监测结果

目的分析叶县医疗机构消毒状况,提高消毒工作质量,预防和控制疾病的医源性传播。方法对全县各级医疗机构的室内空气、物体表面、医护人员双手、使用中消毒剂、灭菌医疗用品等按《医院消毒卫生标准》及《消毒技术规范》进行采样和监测。结果监测各类医院和个体诊所样品4434份,合格2924份,总合格率65.94%。其中县级、乡镇和个体诊所的合格率分别为89.72%、75.41%和59.79%,三者之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=223.42,P0.01)。在个体诊所的操作台面样品中检出1株金黄色葡萄球菌。结论叶县医疗机构消毒工作存在一定问题,特别是个体诊所消毒质量很差,应加强消毒质量控制和监测。     

2008年潢川县医疗机构消毒监测调查分析

目的评价潢川县医疗机构消毒工作质量,指导医疗机构做好消毒工作,预防和控制院内感染。方法按卫生部2002年版《消毒技术规范》、《医院消毒卫生标准》进行采样、检验和结果评价。结果 2008年县级、乡(镇)级、村卫生所和个体诊所的合格率分别为:82.58%(441/534)、78.86%(306/388)、65.60%(185/292)、67.29%(535/806)。县、乡(镇)二级医疗机构与村卫生所、个体诊所的总合格率差别有统计学意义(χ2=60.14,P<0.01)。所监测的窥镜、牙钻的合格率100.00%,消毒剂的合格率91.63%,无菌物品的合格率79.73%,物体表面的合格率69.75%,空气质量的合格率62.16%,医护人员手的合格率61.66%。合格率较高的窥镜、牙钻、消毒剂、无菌物品与合格率较低的空气、医护人员手、物体表面相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2=94.48,P<0.01)。结论村卫生所及个体诊所存在着较大的医源性感染隐患。医护人员的消毒意识有偏差,致使空气、医护人员手、物体表面消毒质量下降。     

2006-2009年东安县医疗机构消毒效果监测分析

目的了解医疗机构的消毒状况,加强医疗机构消毒的管理,提高消毒质量,预防医疗机构院内感染[1],保障人群健康。方法按照《医院消毒卫生标准》、《消毒技术规范》进行样品采集、检测及卫生学评价。结果各年度消毒监测合格率分别为68.25%、74.2%、78.2%、85.8%,呈逐年上升趋势,各年度之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),县级医疗机构、乡镇医疗机构、村卫生室、个体诊所合格率分别为83.7%、78.1%、77.3%、72.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同监测项目监测结果差异有统计学意义(P0.01),医护人员手合格率最低,为53.7%。结论各级各类医疗机构的消毒状况不容乐观,特别是乡镇医疗机构及村卫生室、个体诊所离标准要求相差甚远。要全面加强对医疗机构消毒的监督管理,不定期的对医疗机构的消毒效果进行监测,督促医疗机构落实消毒措拖,不断提高医院消毒管理水平,保障消毒质量。     

钦南区2009-2011年不同级别医疗机构消毒效果监测

目的了解钦州市钦南区各级医疗机构消毒隔离工作状况,为提高医疗机构消毒质量提供科学依据。方法对2009-2011年辖区内58家医疗机构消毒灭菌效果与环境卫生学进行监测。结果共采样1 036份,合格910份,合格率87.27%。2009-2011年合格率分别为85.63%(46/274)、89.33%(38/318)和87.84%(42/318),差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。县级医院、乡镇卫生院和个体诊所的消毒合格率分别为94.93%(206/217)、92.25%(476/516)、75.25%(228/303),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。医护人员手、使用中消毒液、物体表面、器械浸泡液、室内空气、一次性医疗卫生用品、压力蒸汽灭菌监测合格率依次为100.00%、98.35%、76.76%、83.02%、80.00%、73.08%、75.63%。结论县级医院消毒灭菌效果比乡镇卫生院、个体诊所好;个体诊所使用中消毒液、物体表面、一次性医疗卫生用品、空气、压力蒸汽灭菌等消毒工作仍有待加强。     

2001-2005年盐亭县医疗机构消毒质量监测结果分析

为了掌握盐亭县各级医疗机构的消毒质量,进一步贯彻落实《传染病防治法》及《消毒管理办法》,及时发现并解决医疗机构消毒管理工作中存在的问题,有效预防和控制医院内感染发生,于2001-2005年对辖区内的县级医院、乡镇卫生院、企事业单位医务室、村卫生所、个体诊所进行了消毒质量监测,现将结果分析报告如下。1对象与方法1·1对象盐亭县各县级医院、乡镇卫生院、企事业单位医务室、村卫生所、个体诊所。监测涉及相关科室。1·2监测项目室内空气、物体表面、医护人员手、使用中的消毒液(包括器械浸泡液)、无菌物品(包括一次性使用医疗用品、灭…     

朝阳县医疗机构消毒效果监测结果分析

目的掌握了解朝阳县医疗机构消毒工作现状。方法依据《医疗机构消毒技术规范》(WS/T367--2012)对辖区内医疗机构室内空气、物体表面、医务人员手、使用中消毒液、压力蒸汽灭菌器、紫外灯、清洁用品进行消毒效果监测。结果共监测3082份,合格2380份,平均总合格率为77.22%。室内空气、物体表面、医务人员手、使用中消毒液、压力蒸汽灭菌器、紫外灯、清洁用品合格率依次为68.34%、73.42%、71.55%、89.88%、88.83%、78.71%和68.88%。县级医疗机构、乡镇级医疗机构、村个体诊所合格率分别为90.32%、82.48%、72.49%。结论朝阳县医疗机构消毒质量总体不高,尤其是个体诊所,应通过加强对医疗机构的监督管理和对医务人员的消毒知识培训一系列措施,提高医疗机构的消毒工作质量。     

开福区922份医院消毒监测样品结果报告

目的了解长沙市开福区各医疗机构消毒工作状况,为科学指导医院消毒工作、预防和控制医院感染提供科学依据。方法对全区医疗机构的手术室空气、医护人员手、物体表面、使用中消毒剂,按《医院消毒卫生标准》GB15982-1995进行相关指标检测及分级评价。结果 2010年对全区医疗机构进行消毒监测,样品总数922份,总合格率为92.62%。乡镇级别医院消毒监测样品合格率为94.66%、个体诊所合格率为91.12%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。各类监测样品使用中消毒液合格率最高（100.00%）,空气细菌总数最低（83.33%）,医务人员手的合格率也较低,为90.70%。结论乡镇级医院尤其是个体诊室是今后消毒监测的重点,同时加强医护人员空气消毒知识和正确洗手方法的培训,切实提高医院消毒工作质量。     

宁阳县医疗机构消毒管理监督监测结果

目的了解宁阳县各级医疗机构的消毒质量,为控制院内感染及传染病的暴发流行提供依据。方法依据《消毒技术规范》、《消毒管理办法》、《医院感染监测规范》等卫生法律法规要求,于2008—2010年对宁阳县辖区内的2家县直医院、12家乡镇卫生院、128家村卫生室、22家个体诊所进行消毒质量抽样监测和现场调查。结果 2008—2010年共监测各类样本1 367份,合格1 215份,消毒质量监测总合格率为88.9%,3 a的合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。3 a总合格率从高到低依次排列为灭菌医疗器械(96.7%)、使用中的消毒液(96.2%)、紫外线灯(95.8%)、医护人员手(88.4%),治疗间操作台表面(84.9%)、空气(77.6%)、口腔科牙钻(73.7%),各监测项目之间合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。县直医院、乡镇卫生院、村卫生室、个体诊所各级医疗机构的消毒质量合格率分别为95.8%、90.2%、89.6%、75.3%,不同级别医疗机构合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论宁阳县医疗机构消毒质量经监督管理及日常检查指导,合格率呈逐年上升趋势,但仍需进一步加强村卫生室、个体诊所等医疗机构的消毒质量监督管理力度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.