江西引种玫瑰茄的探讨

<正> 玫瑰茄(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.),为锦葵科木槿属一年生草本植物,原产非洲的苏丹,以花萼、种子和叶供药用。花萼含有蛋白质、木槿酸、还原糖、维生素、天然红色素和氨基酸;种子含半干性油和硬蛋白质。在国外,将玫瑰茄用于清凉解暑和治疗心脏、神经     

玫瑰茄提取物降血压作用实验研究

目的:研究玫瑰茄提取物对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用机制。方法:玫瑰茄提取物设置高、中、低3种剂量给SHR灌胃4周,测定SHR尾动脉血压和血液中NO、ET含量。结果:与对照组比较,玫瑰茄提取物2.0g/kg、1.0g/kg、0.5mg/kg剂量组SHR收缩压与舒张压均有不同程度降低,高剂量组较中、低剂量组降压效果更加显著。不同剂量的玫瑰茄提取物能显著降低SHR血液中ET含量和提高血清NO含量,随着剂量的增加影响的效果越明显。结论:玫瑰茄提取物具有一定的降血压作用,降压作用可能是通过降低血液中ET含量和提高NO含量实现的。     

13种茄属植物倍半萜类成分和药理活性研究进展

13种茄属植物包括白英、青杞、水茄、洋芋、假烟叶树、苘麻叶茄、欧白英、泰茄、刚果茄、多毛番茄、刺天茄、喀西茄和红花茄中含有多种多样的倍半萜类化学成分,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎等药理活性。本文通过对13种茄属植物中的倍半萜类化学成分和药理活性进行综述,以期对全面了解其化学成分和相关药理作用的物质基础提供参考。     

药用花卉——玫瑰茄

玫瑰茄又名洛神花、洛神葵、山茄等,是锦葵科木槿属的一年生草本植物,广布于热带和亚热带地区,原产于西非、印度,目前在我国的广东、广西、福建、云南、台湾等地均有栽培。玫瑰茄植株高1.5～2米,茎淡紫色,直立,主干多分枝。叶互生。花在夏秋间开放,花期长,花萼杯状,紫红色,花冠黄色。每当开花季节,红、绿、黄相间,十分美丽,有"植物红宝石"的美誉。     

pH差示比色法测定玫瑰茄冲剂的红色素含量

本文研究了不同酸碱度对玫瑰茄红色素的影响,设计一种较准确地反映玫瑰茄冲剂颜色变化程度的测定方法——pH差示比色法,测定玫瑰茄冲剂在pH=1和pH=4.5时的吸光度,从而计算玫瑰茄冲剂的红色素含量、色价和降解率,直观地评定玫瑰茄冲剂的质量。     

摄入玫瑰茄提取物后花青素-3-糖苷的药动学研究

木槿属Hibiscus植物花青素（HA）是从玫瑰茄H．sabdariffa L．干燥花萼中提取的天然酚类色素，传统用于治疗高血压、发热和肝脏疾病。Syanidin-3-sambubioside（1）和delphinidin-3-sambubioside（2）是HA中的主要色素。作者研究了健康受试者口服玫瑰茄提取物（HSE）后几种可食用单体花青素苷的药动学参数。     

玫瑰茄标准提取物治疗高血压的临床试验

〔英〕/Herrera-Arellano A…∥Planta Med.-2007,73(1).-6~12对玫瑰茄Hisbiscus sabdariffa L.花萼提取物的临床草药制剂(HsHMP)治疗高血压的疗效、耐受性、安全性,以及对血清电解质的影响、对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的抑制作用进行了随机、双盲临床试验,并且与赖诺普利(lisino     

玫瑰茄花水提取物和分得的花青素苷对对乙酰氨基酚诱发的大鼠肝毒性的作用

采用雄性Wistar大鼠进行以下3个实验。实验A：36只大鼠随机分为6组，第1组为对照组，饮自来水4周，最后一天给以阿拉伯胶6h后处死动物；第2组大鼠食用对乙酰氨基酚 阿拉伯胶，其他处理同第1组；第3～5组大鼠服用玫瑰茄Hibiscus sabdariffa L．干花水提取物(10%)，分别给药2、3和4     

玫瑰花 玫瑰茄 枸杞子复合发酵液化学成分的HPLC-HRMS分析

目的:研究玫瑰花、玫瑰茄及枸杞子3者复合物提取液经肠膜明串株菌肠膜亚种发酵前后化学成分的差异。方法:采用高效液相色谱-线性离子阱-静电场轨道阱质谱(HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS)技术对其复合物提取液及发酵液中化学成分进行筛选及鉴定。结果:根据所获得的精确相对分子质量,同时结合色谱保留行为、质谱裂解规律、特征碎片离子、对照品比对以及相关文献报道,共筛选鉴定了48个化学成分,包括39个有机酸、6个黄酮及3个花青素类成分。结论:玫瑰花、玫瑰茄及枸杞子3者复合物提取液发酵前后化学成分的种类和含量均发生不同程度的变化,其中苷类成分可以转化为更利于人体吸收利用的苷元类成分,可为其他发酵中药的现代研究提供借鉴思路。     

香瓜茄的化学成分分析

目的:对茄科Solanaceae植物甘肃武威香瓜茄Solanum muicatum成熟果实的化学成分进行分离纯化研究,并对分离得到的化合物进行化学成分鉴定。方法:采用95%的乙醇对香瓜茄干果进行加热提取,并依次用石油醚,乙酸乙酯,正丁醇进行萃取,然后采用薄层色谱法,正相硅胶柱色谱法,LH-20羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶色谱法和制备高效液相色谱法等方法对香瓜茄95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行分离纯化,并依据化合物的理化性质并通过核磁共振、质谱等现代波谱技术对化合物的化学结构进行鉴定。结果:最终从香瓜茄中分离纯化得到7个化合物,其中3个生物碱皂苷类化合物,2个黄酮类化合物及2个有机酸类化合物,分别鉴定为澳洲茄碱(solasonine 1),澳洲茄边碱(solamargine 2),澳洲茄胺(solasodine 3),槲皮素(quercetin 4),柚皮素(naringenin 5),阿魏酸(ferulic acid 6),熊果酸(ursone 7)。结论:以上7种化合物均为首次从该植物果实中分离纯化得到,该研究为综合开发及寻找天然植物性抗炎、抗肿瘤活性物质提供一定的化学依据和基础。     

Mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces

Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) in both humans and experimental animals. To explore the mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive effect of the HS, we examined the effects of a crude methanolic extract of the calyces of HS (HSE) on vascular reactivity in isolated aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats. HSE relaxed, concentration-dependently, KCl (high K(+), 80 mM)- and phenylephrine (PE, 1 microM)-pre-contracted aortic rings, with a greater potency against the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist. The relaxant effect of HSE was partly dependent on the presence of a functional endothelium as the action was significantly reduced in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Pretreatment with atropine (1 microM), L-NAME (10 microM) or methylene blue (10 microM), but not indomethacin (10 microM), significantly blocked the relaxant effects of HSE. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations induced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, were significantly enhanced in aortic rings pretreated with HSE when compared to those observed in control aortic rings. The present results demonstrated that HSE has a vasodilator effect in the isolated aortic rings of hypertensive rats. These effects are probably mediated through the endothelium-derived nitric oxide-cGMP-relaxant pathway and inhibition of calcium (Ca(2+))-influx into vascular smooth muscle cells. The present data further supports previous in vivo findings and the traditional use of HS as an anti-hypertensive agent.     

Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.: a review

This article reviews the reported phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (English: roselle, red sorrel; Arabic: karkade), the calyces of which are used in many parts of the world to make cold and hot drinks. Nutritionally, these contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In folk medicine, the calyx extracts are used for the treatment of several complaints, including high blood pressure, liver diseases and fever.The pharmacological actions of the calyx extracts include strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. In rats and rabbits, the extract showed antihypercholesterolaemic, antinociceptive and antipyretic, but not antiinflammatory activities. In rat and man a strong antihypertensive action has been demonstrated. The effects of the calyx extracts on smooth muscles in vitro are variable, but they mostly inhibit the tone of the isolated muscles. In healthy men, consumption of H. sabdariffa has resulted in significant decreases in the urinary concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, citrate, tartrate, calcium, sodium, potassium and phosphate, but not oxalate. Oil extracted from the plant's seeds has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on some bacteria and fungi in vitro.The plant extracts are characterized by a very low degree of toxicity. The LD50 of H. sabdariffa calyx extract in rats was found to be above 5000 mg/kg. A single report has suggested that excessive doses for relatively long periods could have a deleterious effect on the testes of rats.In view of its reported nutritional and pharmacological properties and relative safety, H. sabdariffa and compounds isolated from it (for example, anthocyanins and Hibiscus protocatechuic acid) could be a source of therapeutically useful products.     

Cathartic activity of Soborodo: the aqueous extract of calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

The cathartic activity of soborodo (zobo drink), a hot water decoction of the flower (calyx) of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (family Malvaceae), is reported here. Evidence of the cathartic activity of soborodo was shown when the lyophilized aqueous extract (800 mg/kg) caused a pronounced increase in the number of wet faeces in rats without any significant increase in the propulsive intestinal movement. Unlike with senna (positive control), normal defaecation was not affected when compared with distilled water (negative control). The cathartic property of soborodo may be due to the saponin-like compounds detected in the extract. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Toxicological investigation of aqueous-methanolic extract of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L

The aqueous fraction of an aqueous-alcoholic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces was given to Wistar albino rats (150-200g) orally as drugs to study the toxicity of the extract. The rats, which were fed with commercial diet and water ad libitum, were divided into six groups of four rats each. Treatments 1 through 6 received 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 doses of 250 mg/kg each, respectively; the control group received physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). Results of the studies showed that the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were significantly (P<0.05) increased in all the treatments compared with the control group. However, the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. Only the group with 15 doses had their serum level of albumin significantly (P<0.05) increased. However, the results of histopathological studies showed that both the livers and hearts gave no pathological features for all the treatments. The results showed that prolong usage of this extract at 15-dose level could cause liver injury while the effect was mild at small dose levels (1-10). Though the average consumption of 150-180 mg/kg per day appears safe, the extract should be taken with caution bearing in mind that higher doses could affect the liver.     

Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice

The aim of the present investigation was determine whether a standardized Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces aqueous extract has an effect on body weight in an obese animal model induced by the administration of monosodium glutamate. Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract, containing 33.64 mg of total anthocyanins per each 120 mg of extract, was orally administered (120 mg/kg/day) for 60 days to healthy and obese mice, and body weight gain, food and liquid intake, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured. Hibiscus sabdariffa administration significantly reduced body weight gain in obese mice and increased liquid intake in healthy and obese mice. ALT levels were significantly increased on the 15th and 45th days in obese mice, but AST levels did not show significant changes. Mortality was not observed in the Hibiscus sabdariffa treated groups. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels showed non-significant reductions in animals treated with Hibiscus sabdariffa. Our data confirm the anti-obesity effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa reported by the Mexican population.     

Inhibition of intestinal motility by methanol extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) in rats

The methanol extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa (p < 0.01) showed a significant dose dependent relaxant effect (IC50) = 350 microM) on rat ileal strip comparable to the effect shown by nifedipin and papaverine as reference compounds. Similarly, the extract when administered intraperitoneally significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reduced the intestinal transit (13%-35%) in rats (IC50, = 250 microM). The extracts (40% +/- 04%) and nifedipin (51% +/- 05%) also potentiated the diarrhoea inducing effect of castor oil (IC50 = 350 microM). It is postulated that these effects are possibly generated by constituents such as quercetin and eugenol via a Ca2+ channel modulated mode of action.     

Immunomodulatory effect of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Family Malvaceae) in a mouse model

The immunomodulatory activity of water and alcohol extracts (including its fractions) of the dried calyx of the plant was evaluated in mice. The ability of the extracts to inhibit or enhance the production of two cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), respectively, implicated as proinflammatory and antiinflammatory interleukins were also evaluated. The extracts at doses of 50 mg/kg were found to possess higher immunostimulatory activities in comparison with levamisole (positive control), with significant effects when compared with the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.01). Increased activity was observed with increase in doses of the 50% ethanol and absolute ethanol extracts. The insoluble fraction exhibited a significant dose-dependent immunostimulatory activity (p < 0.05), while the residual water-soluble fraction exhibited activity at 100 mg/kg body weight. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), was low in all the extract groups tested, while the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) was high compared with the control. The production of IL-10 was high in 300 mg/kg aqueous extract. The insoluble fraction exhibited a profound dose-dependent immunostimulatory activity higher than the positive control at 100 mg/kg. This study established the immunoenhancing properties of the extracts of this plant confirming that the immunomodulatory activity is cell mediated and humoral. The insoluble fraction could find use as an immunostimulatory agent in humans.     

The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on essential hypertension.

Considering the high prevalence of hypertension, its debilitating end organ damage, and the side effects of chemical drugs used for its treatment, we conducted this experimental study to evaluate the effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on essential hypertension. For this purpose, 31 and 23 patients with moderate essential hypertension were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group, respectively. Patients with secondary hypertension or those consuming more than two drugs were excluded from the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured before and 15 days after the intervention. In the experimental group, 45% of the patients were male and 55% were female, and the mean age was 52.6 +/- 7.9 years. In the control group, 30% of the patients were male, 70% were female, and the mean age of the patients was 51.5 +/- 10.1 years. Statistical findings showed an 11.2% lowering of the systolic blood pressure and a 10.7% decrease of diastolic pressure in the experimental group 12 days after beginning the treatment, as compared with the first day. The difference between the systolic blood pressures of the two groups was significant, as was the difference of the diastolic pressures of the two groups. Three days after stopping the treatment, systolic blood pressure was elevated by 7.9%, and diastolic pressure was elevated by 5.6% in the experimental and control groups. This difference between the two groups was also significant. This study proves the public belief and the results of in vitro studies concerning the effects of sour tea on lowering high blood pressure. More extensive studies on this subject are needed.