Use of the new muscarinic cholinolytic KG-62 to correct the course of experimental gastric ulcer

Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Stomatology, N. A. Semashko Moscow Medical Stomatologic Institute. Laboratory of Biologically Active Organophosphorus Compounds, A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelementary Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 7, pp. 27–30, July, 1991.     

Parameters of metabolism of hexosamine-containing biopolymers in experimental tooth reimplantation

Department of Biochemistry and Surgical Stomatology, Izhevsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S. Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 4, pp. 377–379, April, 1991.     

Magnetic and electrical stimulation in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with organic lesions of the nervous system

Studies were performed on 89 patients with organic lesions of the nervous system in which the leading clinical symptoms consisted of paralysis and pareses. Patients received complex treatment, including pulsed magnetic fields and an electrical stimulation regime producing multilevel stimulation. A control group of 49 patients with similar conditions was included, and these patients received only sinusoidal currents. Combined treatment with magnetic and electrical stimulation was more effective, as indicated by radiographic and electromyographic investigations. A. L. Polenov Russian Science Research Neurosurgical Institute, St. Petersburg. Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 97, No. 9, pp. 41–43, September, 1997.     

Late morphological characteristics of the parotid salivary glands in monkeys after mumps

Department of Pathological Anatomy, I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. Department of Surgical Stomatology and Course in Orthodontics, S. M. Kirov Leningrad Postgraduate Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 5, pp. 624–627, May, 1989.     

Functional state of segmental motoneurons in Wilson-Konovalov hepatocerebral dystrophy

Stimulatory electromyography was used to investigate 12 patients, and chronaximetric investigations were performed in 18. Peak H-potential amplitudes indicated reductions in reflex excitability in the motoneuron pool. The stimulus size required for inducing threshold H-reflexes demonstrated a high level of reflex excitability among those α-motoneurons probably involved in generating hyperkinesia. Motor response parameters showed the direct electrical excitability of motor units to be elevated. Changes in H-reflex and M-response parameters demonstrated functional rearrangement of the movement analyzer after stereotaxic surgery. The functional states of the α- and γ-systems are discussed. Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, I. P. Pavlov Russian Medical University. Translated from Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 72–75, May–June, 1996.     

Use of spin label and spin probe methods in medical research

Department of Medical and Biological Physics, N. I. Pirogov 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 6, pp. 17–18, November–December, 1991.     

Mechanism of the stimulating action of an electric current on reparative regeneration of bone tissue

The dynamics of the ATP concentration in regenerating bone tissue was studied in experiments on rabbits after incomplete osteotomy or resection of a piece of bone and also during stimulation of reparative osteogenesis in the region of a bone defect by means of a pulsed electric current. The ATP concentration in the callus after incomplete osteotomy and during electrical stimulation was found to be higher than in regenerating bone tissue after resection of the bone fragment in the absence of stimulation. It can be concluded that improvement of the energy supply for fracture healing is an important factor in the mechanisms of the stimulating effect of an electric current on reparative regeneration of bone tissue.Laboratory of Biophysics and Radiological Department, N. N. Priorov Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Moscow Energy Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. V. Volkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 361–362, September, 1978.     

Altered cortical integration of dual somatosensory input following the cessation of a 20 min period of repetitive muscle activity

The adult human central nervous system (CNS) retains its ability to reorganize itself in response to altered afferent input. Intracortical inhibition is thought to play an important role in central motor reorganization. However, the mechanisms responsible for altered cortical sensory maps remain more elusive. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in the intrinsic inhibitory interactions within the somatosensory system subsequent to a period of repetitive contractions. To achieve this, the dual peripheral nerve stimulation somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) ratio technique was utilized in 14 subjects. SEPs were recorded following median and ulnar nerve stimulation at the wrist (1 ms square wave pulse, 2.47 Hz, 1× motor threshold). SEP ratios were calculated for the N9, N11, N13, P14–18, N20–P25 and P22–N30 peak complexes from SEP amplitudes obtained from simultaneous median and ulnar (MU) stimulation divided by the arithmetic sum of SEPs obtained from individual stimulation of the median (M) and ulnar (U) nerves. There was a significant increase in the MU/M + U ratio for both cortical SEP components following the 20 min repetitive contraction task, i.e. the N20–P25 complex, and the P22–N30 SEP complex. These cortical ratio changes appear to be due to a reduced ability to suppress the dual input, as there was also a significant increase in the amplitude of the MU recordings for the same two cortical SEP peaks (N20–P25 and P22–N30) following the typing task. No changes were observed following a control intervention. The N20 (S1) changes may reflect the mechanism responsible for altering the boundaries of cortical sensory maps, changing the way the CNS perceives and processes information from adjacent body parts. The N30 changes may be related to the intracortical inhibitory changes shown previously with both single and paired pulse TMS. These findings may have implications for understanding the role of the cortex in the initiation of overuse injuries.     

Effect of levodopa on the healing of neurogenic degenerative lesions of the gastric mucosa in rats

Neurogenic degeneration of the gastric mucosa was produced in rats by immobilizing the animals for 3h and by electrical stimulation. At the end of stimulation hemorrhagic erosions had developed in the gastric mucosa and they were still present 48 h later. Macroscopic and microscopic investigations showed that injections of levodopa into the rats in a dose of 10 mg/kg for 2 days after the end of stimulation accelerated the healing of hemorrhagic erosions of the mucosa.Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Scientific-Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Central Research Laboratory, Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1347–1349, November, 1976.     

Atherosclerosis induced in rabbits by prolonged electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus

The effect of prolonged electrical stimulation of emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus in rabbits on their blood lipid level and the development of atherosclerosis was studied with the aid of a specially designed autonomous system. A negative emotional state observed during stimulation was accompanied by hyperlipemia and by the development of atherosclerosis in one third of uncastrated and two thirds of castrated animals.Department of Pathological Physiology and Central Scientific-Research Laboratory, Leningrad Sanitary Hygiene Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. N. Beselkin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1294–1296, November, 1976.     

Role of interoceptive impulses in the modulation of emotional and behavioral responses

Chronic experiments on rabbits with a gastric fistula and electrodes implanted into deep brain structures showed that stimulation of the gastric receptors leads to modulation of emotional and behavioral responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. The effect depends on the intensity of interoceptive stimulation and on nature of the emotional response, which has its own cerebral control systems.Department of Physiology, Ivan-Frankovsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 264–266, March, 1976.     

New approaches to the rehabilitation of patients with neurological movement defects

Results were obtained using a new method, based on the “Adeli-92” therapeutic space suit, for the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders due to acute lesions of the cerebral circulation, head trauma, and other causes. A variety of methods was used to assess the state of patients before and after treatment, including clinical studies, psychological tests, EEG recordings, evoked potential studies, stabilography, and heart rhythm analysis. The results obtained demonstrate the high efficacy of this new method. Department of Neurological Diseases, Faculty of Postgraduate Professional Education and Clinic of Neurological Diseases, I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Academy. A. A. Ostroumov City Clinical Hospital No. 33. Translated from Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 51–54, May–June, 1996.     

Effect of ethimizole on changes in brain metabolism caused by overstimulation

During overstimulation (electrical stimulation for 3 h) of rats considerable changes are observed in their brain metabolism. These changes are manifested as exhaustion of the noradrenalin reserves and disturbance of energy metabolism, leading to a fall in the creatine phosphate level. Preliminary (before electrical stimulation) administration of ethimizole prevented the noradrenalin and creatine phosphate deficiencies in the brain tissue of the overstimulated animals.Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. V. Anichkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 299–301, March, 1978.     

Basis for a method of dynamic proprioceptive correction in the restorative treatment of patients with residual-stage infantile cerebral palsy

A new method for the restorative treatment of patients with residual-stage infantile cerebral palsy is described; the method is based on proprioceptive correction using an “Adeli-92” device, which is a modified space suit used in weightless conditions. The “Adeli-92” allows intensification and some extent of normalization of afferent proprioceptive mobility-controlling input. Positive clinical effects were obtained in 70% of patients, with improvements in walking and self-care ability. The positive effects of this method were demonstrated objectively using electroencephalography, electroneuromyography, studies of somatosensory evoked potentials, and studies of the vestibular system. Science Research Institute of Pediatrics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital No. 18, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 47–50, May–June, 1996.     

Electrical stimulation of artificial ossification of a muscle flap during plastic repair of a bone defect

Experiments on rabbits showed that during plastic repair of a bone defect in the tibia by means of a muscle flap on a central vascular pedicle and electrical stimulation by a direct current of 18–20 A with change of polarity reorganization of the muscle flap was accelerated and bone tissue formed in its substance. Electrical stimulation of osteogenesis after muscle grafting promotes restoration of anatomic integrity of the bone.Department of Military Traumatology and Orthopedics, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR I. S. Kolesnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 356–359, March, 1978.     

Changes in electrogenic properties of striated muscle fibers in experimental botulism

Changes in the electrical parameters of fibers of fast and slow muscles were studied during the development of local botulism in rats. In the early stage of poisoning the membrane potential (MP) of fibers of both fast and slow muscles fell. In the late stage of poisoning, marked depolarization of the membrane was accompanied by a change in the input resistance and time constant (RC) of the membrane, rheobase currents, and amplitude of the action potentials evoked by direct intracellular stimulation. Changes in the electrical parameters were more marked in fast muscle fibers.A. A. Bogomolets Department of Pathological Physiology, Saratov Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Sirotinin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 262–264, September, 1977.     

Biochemical and morphological changes in the myocardium of acute vascular surgical patients (early autopsy results)

Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Pirigov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Autopsy Department, A. N. Bakulev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V. S. Savel'ev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 8, pp. 214–216, August, 1992.     

Effect of morphine and naloxone on acupuncture analgesia in unrestrained rats

Experiments on unrestrained rats showed that electroacupuncture of an acupuncture point distinctly reduces the nociceptive response to electrical stimulation of the base of the tail. Morphine, in a subanalgesic dose (5 mg/kg), potentiated the analgesic effect of acupuncture. Naloxone, in a dose of 5 mg/kg, completely abolished acupuncture analgesia. The possible mechanisms of analgesia production by electroacupuncture are discussed.Department of Pharmacology, I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. Course of Reflex Therapy, S. M. Kirov Leningrad Postgraduate Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 566–569, November, 1979.     

Effect of physiologically active substances isolated from the thymus on wound healing after cryosurgical destruction in rats

Experiments were carried out on 40 male albino rats after whole-body irradiation in a dose of 200 R to study the effect of thymarin, a preparation obtained from bovine thymus and consisting of a combination of three fractions of physiologically active polypeptides with a mean molecular weight of about 10,000 on the course of local wound healing after cryosurgical destruction of the mucous membrane of the hard palate. Thymarin was injected subcutaneously daily for 10 days after cryosurgical destruction. The experimental results reveal a beneficial effect of thymarin on the course of regeneration and, in particular, more rapid sloughing of necrotic tissues, a shortening of the period of epithelization of the wound surface, and prevention of the development of secondary infection.Department of Surgical Stomatology, I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute, S. I. Vavilov State Optical Institute, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Rybakov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 355–358, September, 1977.     

Neuron discharges in the rat auditory cortex during electrical intracortical stimulation

Studies were carried out in rats anesthetized with ketamine or nembutal, with recording of multicellular activity (with separate identification of responses from individual neurons) in the primary auditory cortex before and after electrical intracortical microstimulation. These experiments showed that about half of the set of neurons studied produced responses to short tonal bursts, these responses having two components—initial discharges arising in response to the sound, and afterdischarge occurring after pauses of 50–100 msec. Afterdischarges lasted at least several seconds, and were generally characterized by a rhythmic structure (with a frequency of 8–12 Hz). After electrical microstimulation, the level of spike activity increased, especially in afterdischarges, and this increase could last up to 4 h. Combined peristimulus histograms, cross-correlations, and gravitational analyses were used to demonstrate interactions of neurons, which increased after electrical stimulation and were especially pronounced in the response afterdischarges. Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. Laboratory of Auditory Physiology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 5-6, pp. 3–17, May–June, 1996.