有氧运动对蛋氨酸诱导高半胱氨酸血症大鼠抗氧化应激能力的影响

目的:探讨有氧运动对高蛋氨酸饲料饮食大鼠血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平和抗氧化应激能力的影响,为运动预防高半胱氨酸血症(HH)和动脉粥样硬化(AS)发生提供实验参考。方法:雄性健康Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为高蛋氨酸饲料饮食组(M组)、高蛋氨酸饲料饮食+有氧运动组(M+T组)和正常安静对照组(C组);M组和M+T组给予含3%蛋氨酸的高蛋氨酸饲料,C组喂普通颗粒饲料,M+T组同时每日进行90分钟无负重游泳运动。8周实验结束后,检测各组大鼠血浆Hcy水平、血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脂质过氧化物(MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结果:与C组相比:M组血浆Hcy水平显著升高(P<0.01),MDA含量、SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),GSH含量无显著改变(P>0.05);M+T组血浆Hcy水平轻微升高,MDA含量略有增加,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),SOD活性和GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与M组相比,M+T组血浆Hcy水平显著下降(P<0.01),GSH含量显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量及SOD活性略有下降,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:高蛋氨酸饲料饮食可诱导大鼠HH形成和体内高氧化应激状态,适宜的有氧运动可以预防蛋氨酸诱导HH的形成,增强机体抗氧化应激能力,从而有助于预防血管内皮损伤和AS的形成。     

有氧运动对高蛋氨酸饮食大鼠血浆6-酮-前列腺素F1α、血栓素B2含量和PGI2/TXA2系统的影响

目的探讨运动对高蛋氨酸饮食大鼠血浆6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)、血栓素B2(TXB2)含量和PGI2/TXA2系统的影响.方法雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常饮食对照组(C组)、高蛋氨酸饮食组(M组)和有氧运动+高蛋氨酸饮食组(M+T组).M组和M+T组大鼠喂饲含3%高蛋氨酸的高蛋氨酸饲料,M+T组大鼠每日同时进行90min无负重游泳运动,每周6天.C组喂饲普通饲料,实验共8周.采用高效液相色谱法测定实验后各组大鼠血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)含量、放射免疫非平衡法测定血栓素B2(TXB2)和6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)含量.结果M组血浆Hcy含量显著高于C组(P＜0.01),是C组的2倍以上,6-Keto-PGF1α/TXB2比值显著下降(P＜0.01).与M组相比,M+T组血浆Hcy显著下降(P＜0.05),血浆6-Keto-PGF1α含量显著提高,TXB2含量显著下降(P＜0.01),6-Keto-PGF1α/TXB2比值显著提高(P＜0.05),且与C组相比上述各项指标无显著差异.结论高蛋氨酸饮食可诱发大鼠高半胱氨酸血症,血浆PGI2/TXA2失衡;适宜的运动可以降低高蛋氨酸饮食大鼠血浆Hcy水平,改善PGI2/TXA2失衡,预防高半胱氨酸血症形成.     

血红素氧合酶-1/一氧化碳系统的变化对兔动脉粥样硬化进程的影响

目的研究食饵性动脉粥样硬化(AS)形成中,主动脉壁内血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)活性及一氧化碳(CO)生成的变化及对AS进程的影响,以探讨HO-1/CO系统在AS进程中的作用。方法32只新西兰大白兔,随机均分为4组。对照组:喂饲普通饲料;胆固醇组:喂饲含1.5%胆固醇饲料;卟啉锌组及血红素组:在予以高胆固醇饮食的同时,分别经腹腔注射氯化血红素(15mg·kg-1·d-1)或锌原卟啉-9(45μmol·kg-1·d-1),共12周。采血测定血脂、血清总胆红素(TBil)水平;取主动脉,测定CO生成量及HO-1活性,采用油红O染色及图像分析软件检测主动脉斑块面积。结果与对照组比较,胆固醇组主动脉CO生成量及HO-1活性显著增高(P均<0·01),实验结束时主动脉斑块面积达54·00%±4·16%;锌原卟啉-9显著降低了主动脉CO生成量及HO-1活性(P均<0·01),主动脉斑块面积达61·13%±3·50%;与胆固醇组比较,氯化血红素显著增高了血清TBil水平、主动脉CO生成量及HO-1活性(P均<0·01),主动脉斑块面积仅17·88%±3·01%(P<0·05)。结论HO-1/CO系统具有延缓AS的作用,HO-1活性增高可能是HO-1/CO系统发挥抗AS作用的基础。     

戒烟联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸改善烟熏大鼠肺损伤研究

目的观察戒烟和N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)干预对大鼠肺组织形态的影响以及血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平的变化。方法将雄性Wistar大鼠50只分为对照组、烟熏组、烟熏+NAC组、烟熏+戒烟组、烟熏+NAC+戒烟组,每组各10只。5组大鼠均在实验前及8周时进行大鼠内眦静脉采血,离心后ELISA法检测大鼠血浆HCY水平。HE染色观察大鼠肺组织形态。结果烟熏组大鼠HCY水平较对照组升高(P<0.05);烟熏+戒烟组戒烟后HCY水平较烟熏组显著下降(P<0.05);烟熏+NAC组较烟熏组血浆HCY水平降低(P<0.05);烟熏+NAC+戒烟组HCY水平较烟熏组明显降低(P<0.05),且与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。组织病理学结果显示,烟熏组大鼠气管周围发现大片坏死组织,其间有大量炎性细胞浸润,组织出现明显的钙化改变。烟熏+NAC组、烟熏+戒烟组、烟熏+NAC+戒烟组的肺损伤程度均有不同程度改善。结论烟熏可导致大鼠肺部损伤,同时使血浆HCY水平升高;戒烟联合NAC可以减轻大鼠肺部损伤,显著降低血浆HCY水平。     

同型半胱氨酸与进展性缺血性脑卒中相关性分析

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(HCY)在进展性缺血性脑卒中(PIS)患者中的临床意义。方法选取发病72 h内入院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者171例,将患者分为进展组和非进展组。分别测定两组患者空腹同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)4项生化指标,并对各组进行既往病史采集,记录病灶部位以及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分。分析HCY水平与性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、TC、TG、LDL、梗死部位及NIHSS评分的关系,比较进展组和非进展组中HCY等观察指标的差异。结果高HCY组(HCY>10.3μmol/L)患者男性比例、LDL水平、NIHSS评分均显著高于正常HCY组(HCY≤10.3μmol/L),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);进展组患者与非进展组比较,男性比例、TG、HCY水平、NIHSS评分均明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高HCY水平与进展性缺血性脑卒中的发生密切相关,减低HCY水平可预防进展性缺血性脑卒中的发生。     

半胱氨酸对训练小鼠力竭运动后不同组织自由基代谢和血清转氨酶活性的影响

选用雄性ICR小鼠 2 0只 ,随机分成 2组 ,即运动组和运动 +半胱氨酸组 ,训练 30天后进行 1次性力竭游泳运动 ,观察半胱氨酸对训练小鼠力竭运动后不同组织自由基代谢和血清转氨酶活性的影响。结果表明 :(1)运动 +半胱氨酸组小鼠力竭游泳时间明显长于运动组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )运动 +半胱氨酸组小鼠力竭游泳后即刻不同组织SOD活性显著高于运动组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(3)运动半胱氨组小鼠力竭游泳后即刻不同组织MDA含量显著低于运动组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(4)灌服半胱氨酸力竭游泳后即刻血清GPT、GOT活性显著低于运动组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :半胱氨酸具有提高力竭游泳后小鼠不同组织SOD活性 ,降低MDA含量 ,降低血清GPT、GOT活性和提高运动能力的作用。     

高分辨力超声观测慢性高同型半胱氨酸血症兔血管内皮功能损伤与血浆一氧化氮、内皮素的关系

目的观测高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)导致内皮功能损伤时,兔血中一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)的变化,从而探讨内皮功能损伤的机理.方法将兔随机分为二组,每组9只,分别喂食正常饲料(N组),L-蛋氨酸(0.8/kg体重.天)饲料(M组),然后于第20、40、60、80天取血检测NO、ET,同时利用高分辨力超声检测其内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)、内皮非依赖性舒张功能(EID).结果HHcy时,M组的EDD均较对照组明显降低,P＜0.01,而EID亦较对照组明显降低,P＜0.05.同时,M组兔血浆NO较对照组明显降低,p＜0.05,但血浆ET却较对照组明显升高,P＜0.05.结论HHcy通过氧化应激灭活NO和刺激ET的分泌增加,导致兔(EDD)和(EID)的损伤.     

慢性肾功能衰竭病人高同型半胱氨酸血症及其影响因素

目的 :研究慢性肾衰 (CRF)病人血浆同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy)水平及其影响因素。方法 :采用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定 16 0例CRF病人血浆总同型半胱氨酸 (tHcy)水平 ,同时用离子夺获分析法和微离子酶免疫分析法分别检测血浆叶酸(FA)和维生素B12 (VB12 )浓度。结果 :CRF病人血浆tHcy水平 (2 2 6 9± 12 16 ) μmol/ )明显高于正常对照组 (7 97±2 6 5 ) μmol/L ,CRF病人高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率为 82 5 0 % ,其中血液透析组血浆tHcy水平 (2 4 13± 12 6 8μmol/L ,n =73)明显高于持续性非卧床腹膜透析 (CAPD)组 (16 4 3± 5 5 8μmol/L ,n =19)和非透析治疗组 (19 79± 10 5 7)μmol/L ,(n =6 8) ,但血浆FA和VB12 与正常对照组均无明显差别 (P >0 0 5 )。CRF病人血浆tHcy水平与血浆FA浓度均呈负相关关系 ,未经透析的CRF病人血浆tHcy水平与内生肌酐清除率和血浆FA水平呈负相关 ;透析治疗组血浆tHcy水平与血浆FA浓度呈负相关。血透 4h使血浆tHcy下降约 4 0 0 % ,透析后 2 0h回复到透析前水平的 76 0 %～86 0 % ,但在采用血仿膜和聚砜膜透析的病人之间 ,血浆tHcy水平无明显差异。结论 :CRF病人普遍存在高同型半胱氨酸血症 ,但没有明显的FA和VB12 缺乏 ,CRF时肾脏损害削弱了对Hcy的代谢或清除能力 ,     

蝮蛇抗栓酶对家兔主动脉粥样硬化防治的实验研究

家兔42只随机分成造型组(A),预防组(B)及治疗组(C)。各组又分处理组(A_1、B_1、C_1)和对照组(A_2、B_2、C_2)2个亚组。A_2组自始至终仅喂基本饲料。其余5组喂基本饲料同时加造型剂(每天每只家兔喂胆固醇lg,共3周,蛋黄粉22g、猪油7g,共6周),之后各组均喂基本饲料。A组没用任何药物治疗。B_1组喂造型剂(10d)(查血证实为高血脂期),C_1组喂造型剂42d(解剖A_1组证实动脉粥样硬化斑块已形成)后,两组均给蝮蛇抗栓酶0.2U/kg加     

基因芯片在同型半胱氨酸诱导动脉粥样硬化基因表达谱变化中的应用

目的　应用基因芯片技术研究同型半胱氨酸诱导动脉粥样硬化的基因表达谱变化。方法　选取 3例无冠心病传统危险因素的住院患者 ,其中 1例为血同型半胱氨酸正常的冠状动脉造影正常者 ,1例为血同型半胱氨酸正常的冠心病患者 ,1例为高同型半胱氨酸血症的冠心病患者。分离外周血淋巴细胞并抽提总RNA ,逆转录制备杂交探针 ,应用含有 115 2条基因的人类表达谱芯片进行差异表达谱分析。结果　高同型半胱氨酸血症的冠心病患者与血同型半胱氨酸正常的冠状动脉造影正常者比较差异表达的基因 177条 (组 1) ,高同型半胱氨酸血症的冠心病患者与血同型半胱氨酸正常的冠心病患者比较差异表达的基因有 15 1条 (组 3)。组 1与组 3基因芯片平行比较 ,两者共同的差异表达基因 4 8条 ,其中上调基因 2 3条 ,下调基因 2 5条。结论　在差异表达的基因中 ,有些是凋亡、信号转导、免疫、蛋白质合成及原癌基因等的相关基因 ,这些基因可能与同型半胱氨酸致动脉粥样硬化发生有关。应用基因芯片技术研究同型半胱氨酸诱导动脉粥样硬化差异表达谱 ,可能为动脉粥样硬化的发病机制研究提供新的思路     

Low LDL oxidation in veteran endurance athletes

The 'oxidation hypothesis' states that oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is important in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion. Physical exercise has been reported to reduce clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. We compared the effects of aerobic physical exercise history on oxidation characteristics of plasma LDL at rest in non-smoking male veteran endurance athletes ( n = 15) and control subjects ( n = 16). As an indicator of LDL oxidation we used a method which provides an estimate of LDL diene conjugation in vivo. The athletes had lower plasma LDL cholesterol diene conjugation ( P = 0.003). They also had lower cholesterol, lower LDL and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Intensive physical exercise energy expenditure correlated inversely with LDL diene conjugation ( r =−0.41, P = 0.021). We conclude that participation in intensive physical exercise training is associated with reduced plasma LDL fraction oxidation as reflected by LDL diene conjugation. This finding may have relevance for studies aiming to explain the variation in occurrence of ischemic heart disease.     

丹参抗LDL的脂质过氧化和脑缺血损伤的研究

给新西兰大白兔分别喂１％胆固醇食和标准食共５周，测定了血脂和低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）中的脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量，并制成氧化型ＬＤＬ，提取ｏｘＬＤＬ中的脂质进行薄层层析，并制成脑缺血模型，观察丹参抗脑缺血损伤的作用。结果：胆固醇食组兔血清胆固醇（ＣＨ）、磷脂（ＰＬ）、游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）以及血浆和ＬＤＬ中ＬＰＯ含量均高于标准食组；胆固醇食兔ＬＤＬ和Ｃｕ＾２＋透析后的ｏｘＬＤＬ中的脂质成分发生变化，     

Physical training improves insulin resistance syndrome markers in obese adolescents

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that physical training (PT), especially high-intensity PT, would have a favorable effect on components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in obese adolescents. METHODS: Obese 13- to 16-yr-olds (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of the following 8-month interventions; 1) lifestyle education (LSE)-alone every 2 wk, 2) LSE+moderate-intensity PT, and 3) LSE+high-intensity PT. PT was offered 5 d x wk(-1). Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), low-density lipoprotein (low density lipoprotein (LDL)) particle size, apolipoproteins AI and B, glucose, insulin, and blood pressure were measured with standardized methods. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analyses for all subjects who completed pre- and post-tests regardless of their adherence to the interventions showed that the LSE+high-intensity PT group had more favorable changes than the LSE-alone group in TAG level (P = 0.012), TC/HDLC (P = 0.013), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.031). For efficacy analyses, all PT subjects who attended at least 2 d x wk(-1) (40%) were combined into one group (LSE+PT) and compared with the LSE-alone group. These two-group analyses showed significant interactions (P < 0.001) between baseline values and group membership for deltaTAG, deltaVLDLC, and deltaTC/HDLC, such that subjects who had the least favorable baseline values showed the most beneficial impact of the PT. Of particular interest was a favorable effect of the PT on LDL particle size. CONCLUSION: PT, especially high-intensity PT, had a favorable effect on several IRS markers in obese adolescents.     

苯那普利对动脉粥样硬化形成及循环内皮细胞与假血管血友病因子的影响作用

观察苯那普利对高胆固醇饲喂的家兔动脉粥样硬化形成及其对循环内皮细胞 (CEC)、假血管血友病因子(vWF)的影响。 2 4只新西兰雄性大白兔随机分成 3组 ,对照组饲喂普通饲料 ,动脉粥样硬化组饲喂 1 %胆固醇饲料 ,苯那普利组饲喂 1 %胆固醇及苯那普利5mg/d。实验前、实验后 5周、实验后 1 0周分别抽血测血脂、vWF、CEC计数。第 1 0周末处死大白兔 ,计算主动脉斑块面积。结果显示 ,苯那普利治疗组与动脉粥样硬化组血脂水平无明显变化 ,但动脉粥样硬化斑块面积却明显减少(P <0 0 1 ) ,其血浆vWF浓度亦明显降低(P <0 0 1 )。提示苯那普利具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用 ,其机制可能与保护内皮功能有关     

HDL atheroprotection by aerobic exercise training in type 2 diabetes mellitus

PURPOSE: In this study we analyzed the role played by aerobic exercise training in the plasma lipoprotein profile, prebeta 1-HDL concentration, and in the in vitro HDL3 ability to remove cholesterol from macrophages and inhibit LDL oxidation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and control subjects, in the fasting and postprandial states. METHODS: Healthy controls (HTC, N = 11; 1 M/10 F) and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT, N = 11; 3M/8F) were engaged in a 4-month aerobic training program, and compared with a group of sedentary subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMS, N = 10; 4 M/6 F). All groups were submitted to an oral fat load test to analyze all parameters, both at the beginning of the investigation protocol (basal) and at the end of the study period (final). RESULTS: Exercising did not modify body weight, BMI, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR, but it reduced the waist circumference. The HDL3 composition did not change, and its ability to remove cell cholesterol was unaltered by aerobic training. In DMT but not in HTC, aerobic training improved 15% the HDL3 protective effect against LDL maximal oxidation rate in the fasting state, and reduced 24% the plasma prebeta 1-HDL concentration in the postprandial state, suggesting an enhanced prebeta 1-HDL conversion into larger, more mature HDL particles. In this regard, regular aerobic exercise enriched HDL2 with TG in the fasting and postprandial states in HTC and in the fasting phase in DMT. CONCLUSION: Our results show that aerobic exercise training in diabetes mellitus improves the HDL efficiency against LDL oxidation and favors HDL maturation. These findings were independent of changes in insulin resistance and of the rise of plasma HDL cholesterol concentration.     

脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸与小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的关系

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平升高和小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDL-C)水平在脑梗死发病中的作用。方法采用全自动生化分析仪检测124例脑梗死患者血清Hcy和sdLDL-C水平,同时检测血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖水平。根据头颅CT和磁共振检查证实后将患者分为多发性脑梗死组与单发性脑梗死组,观察其与Hcy及sdLDL-C的关系。结果脑梗死组血清Hcy及血脂水平明显高于对照组(HDL-C低于对照组),P<0.05,Hcy与sdLDL-C水平随脑梗死病变程度增加而升高(P<0.05)。Hcy和sdLDL-C与脑梗死病变程度密切相关(r=0.259和r=0.452,P<0.001)。结论 Hcy和sdLDL-C均是脑梗死发病的独立危险因素。     

Training effects of short bouts of stair climbing on cardiorespiratory fitness, blood lipids, and homocysteine in sedentary young women

Objectives: To study the training effects of eight weeks of stair climbing on VO₂MAX, blood lipids, and homocysteine in sedentary, but otherwise healthy young women. Methods: Fifteen women (mean (SD) age 18.8 (0.7) years) were randomly assigned to control (n = 7) or stair climbing (n = 8) groups. Stair climbing was progressively increased from one ascent a day in week 1 to five ascents a day in weeks 7 and 8. Training took place five days a week on a public access staircase (199 steps), at a stepping rate of 90 steps a minute. Each ascent took about two minutes to complete. Subjects agreed not to change their diet or lifestyle over the experimental period. Results: Relative to controls, the stair climbing group displayed a 17.1% increase in VO₂MAX and a 7.7% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05) over the training period. No change occurred in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or homocysteine. Conclusions: The study confirms that accumulating short bouts of stair climbing activity throughout the day can favourably alter important cardiovascular risk factors in previously sedentary young women. Such exercise may be easily incorporated into the working day and therefore should be promoted by public health guidelines.     

正加速度暴露对兔动脉粥样硬化过程中的内源性一氧化碳及血清脂质代谢的影响

目的 观察正加速度暴露对高胆固醇饮食兔内源性一氧化碳(CO)、血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)及血清脂质代谢的影响.方法 30只兔,随机分为高胆固醇饮食(对照)组6只,每个时间组2只;高胆固醇饮食加+G_z暴露4周组、8周组、12周组(G_z暴露组),每组8只.留取各组第4周、8周、12周末的静脉血及主动脉,测定HO-1活性的变化和CO含量,并测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量.结果 ①+G_z暴露4周组、8周组、12周组兔内源性CO含量均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.552、13.113、7.106,P<0.05);且随+Gz暴露时间增加CO含量逐渐升高(F=23.194,P<0.01).+G_z暴露组兔主动脉内皮细胞HO-1活性随+G_z暴露时间增加逐渐升高(F=17.744,P<0.01);虽较相应对照组都有升高,但只有+G_z暴露12周组与对照组的差异有统计学意义(t=4.738,P<0.01).②+G_z暴露组兔血清中TC和LDL-C随+G_z暴露时间增加逐渐升高(F=136.327、175.209,P<0.01),+G_z暴露组TC均高于相应对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.799、9.867、8.664,P<0.05或P<0.01);+G_z暴露8周、12周组LDL-C高于相应对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=10.576、9.068,P<0.01);+G_z暴露组TG的组内差异虽有统计学意义(F=3.937,P<0.05),但只有+G_z暴露8周组明显高于+G_z暴露4周组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HDL-C在+G_z暴露8周及12周组与对照组相比虽有降低,但差异无统计学意义.结论 +G_z暴露可使高胆固醇饮食兔主动脉内皮细胞CO含量和HO-1活性明显升高,也可造成兔血清脂质代谢紊乱,提示正加速度暴露可能加速动脉粥样硬化的进程.