Effects of aircraft noise on hearing and auditory pathway function of school-age children

Summary This study was conducted to investigate the influence of high-frequency aircraft noise on the function of the auditory system of school-age children. A total of 228 students attending a school near an airport (school A) and 151 students attending a school far from an airport (school B) were analyzed. Audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) detection were performed in all subjects to evaluate cochlear and retrocochlear function. The results of audiometry indicated that hearing ability was significantly worse in the children of school A, which was located under the flight paths. The values of pure tone average, high pure tone average, and threshold at 4 kHz were all higher in children who were frequently exposed to aircraft noise. There was no consistent difference in BAEP latencies between the two schools. These results indicate that central transmission is not affected in children who have been exposed to aircraft noise for several years. The results of the present study showed a significant association between aircraft noise exposure and prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss. Although damage to peripheral cochlear organs was confirmed in school-age children, involvement of the central auditory pathway could not be verified.     

噪声作业工人的畸变产物耳声发射观察

目的观察畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）在早期发现噪声性听力损失方面的应用价值。方法对54例非噪声作业工人（对照组）和96例纯音听阈正常的噪声作业工人（噪声组）进行纯音测听和DPOAE测试，比较两组的纯音听阈、DPOAE幅值和引出率。结果①噪声组和对照组各频率纯音听闻比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；②噪声组的DPOAE幅值在3kHz、4kHz、6kHz处明显下降，与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；③噪声组在3kHz、4kHz和6kHz三个频率处的DPOAE引出率明显降低，与对照组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）：结论DPOAE能早期发现噪声性听力损失。     

噪声性听力损失与耳蜗外毛细胞Prestin蛋白的相关性分析

目的探讨噪声性听力损失(NIHL)与耳蜗外毛细胞Prestin蛋白表达的关系。方法将60只成年豚鼠随机分5组,除对照组外分别予以不同噪声声压级(85、95、105、115 d B SPL)的高斯白噪声暴露(28 d,6 h/d),而后检测听性脑干反应(ABR)以确定听阈位移水平,同时进行耳蜗病理学检查,采用免疫组化法分析耳蜗外毛细胞Prestin蛋白表达水平。结果各组豚鼠平均永久性听阈位移水平变化随着噪声暴露声压级的增强而增加(F=308.655,P0.01),强噪声声压级组(105 d B SPL)豚鼠的病理形态学显示明显的毛细胞损失,Prestin蛋白表达水平在高于95 d B SPL时随着噪声暴露声压级的增加而上调(F=700.072,P0.01)。结论耳蜗外毛细胞Prestin的表达增高,与耳蜗外毛细胞损失程度有关。     

南京市噪声作业人员听力损失情况及其影响因素分析

目的 分析南京市噪声岗位作业人员职业健康体检的纯音听力测试(pure tone audiometry,PTA)结果,以期对职业性噪声聋的防治提供科学依据。方法 以2020年1月1日至10月31日在南京市职业病防治院进行职业健康体检并进行PTA的6 614名噪声作业人员为研究对象,询问一般情况、职业史和病史,进行体格检查、PTA、实验室检查等。双耳各频阈值比较采用t检验,双耳各频异常检出率比较采用χ²检验,采用二元Logistic回归分析噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的危险因素。结果 6 614名噪声作业人员中,听阈测试异常1 779例,占26.90%。NIHL有678例,占10.25%。不同性别、合并有害因素、吸烟、饮酒的噪声作业人员NIHL检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),NIHL检出率随着年龄、接噪工龄增加而增加(均P<0.01),而血压正常组和血压异常组检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性(OR=2.305)、年龄≥31岁(OR=2.1...     

某煤矿井下噪声危害现状调查

目的调查煤矿井下噪声危害情况。方法测定煤矿井下主要噪声源的噪声强度以及矿工整个工作班噪声接触剂量，对1822名接触噪声人员进行听力测定。结果煤矿井下噪声源多，噪声强度均达到或超过了国家卫生标准，岩石掘进工、采煤工、运输司机整个工作班接触超过国家卫生标准的噪声的时间分别占57．3％、42．7％和55．4％。1882名接触噪声人员听力检查结果显示，噪声性听力损害的检出率高达48．2％。结论煤矿井下噪声危害严重，必须采取有效措施降低噪声危害，保护煤矿工人的身心健康。     

某矿山开采企业爆破、掘进和采矿作业工人听力损失的情况

目的减少矿山开采企业噪声对机体听觉损伤的危害,使工人听力损失率逐年下降。方法随机调查某矿山开采企业389名作业工人,询问工人的职业接触史、既往史、耳毒药物史、家族史、自觉症状等,并进行耳鼻喉科检查。对389人的气导纯音听阈测试结果进行评级。结果调查对象单耳或双耳听力异常337人,异常检出率为86．63％。单纯高频段听力损失286人,检出率为73．52％。语言频段合并高频段听力损失（包括单纯语言频段听力损失）51人,检出率为13．11％。经统计分析,采矿、爆破、掘进工种的听力异常检出率之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。语言频段听力损失异常检出率为13．11％。高频段（3、4．6kHz）听力损失依次加重,听力曲线呈斜坡下降型,符合噪声性听力损失特点。爆破组第50百分位数（P50）依次为25,32．5和40dBHL,掘进组为25,32．5和37．5dBHL。结论该企业作业工人听力异常检出率偏高,为此,用人单位不仅要重视职业健康和安全管理工作,坚持开展职业健康监护工作,更要监督指导工人正确使用个人防护用品。特别是对于从事爆破、掘进工作的矿业工人。     

声导抗测试在噪声性听力损失诊断中的应用

目的探讨噪声性听力损失的声导抗特征,为噪声性听力损失的诊断提供客观依据。方法选取70例(140耳)不同程度听力损失的噪声作业工人为观察对象(噪声组),20例(40耳)非接触噪声的听力正常人为对照组,分别对双耳进行声导抗测试,将所得数据用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计处理。结果噪声组与对照组的镫骨肌声反射引出率各频率间比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05),尤以4 000 Hz最为明显(P<0.001);不同程度听力损失的镫骨肌声反射引出率比较,听力损失V级者500~2 000 Hz引出率与其他各组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05),而4 000 Hz引出率组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论噪声性听力损失的镫骨肌声反射引出率明显下降;听力损失越严重,镫骨肌声反射的引出率越低,临床可以将镫骨肌声反射作为噪声性听力损失诊断的一项重要指标。     

个体噪声防护的职业接触人群听力损失的剂量-反应关系研究

目的准确评价工作场所中使用个体听力防护的噪声接触人群的听力损失。方法对50家企业的3 432名接触噪声工人进行纯音听力测试并对50家接触噪声企业进行职业卫生调查。结果50家噪声接触企业进行职业流行病调查显示噪声强度(92.1±4.9)dB,累积噪声暴露量(CNE)为(103.43±6.66)dB(A).年;在3 432名接触噪声作业人员的听阈检查中,高频损失1 272人(37.06%),语频损失133人(3.88%);高频和语频损失的发生率随累积噪声强度的增大而增大,其发生率与CNE存在剂量-反应关系(P<0.01)。结论高频和语频的发生率随累积噪声强度的增大而增大,呈剂量-反应关系。     

Noise induced hearing loss and other hearing complaints among musicians of symphony orchestras

Objectives  An investigation of the hearing status of musicians of professional symphony orchestras. Main questions are: (1) Should musicians be treated as a special group with regard to hearing, noise, and noise related hearing problems (2) Do patterns of hearing damage differ for different instrument types (3) Do OAE have an added value in the diagnosis of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) in musicians. Methods  241 professional musicians, aged between 23–64 participated. A brief medical history and the subjective judgment of their hearing and hearing problems were assessed. Musicians were subjected to an extensive audiological test battery, which contained testing of audiometric thresholds, loudness perception, diplacusis, tinnitus, speech perception in noise, and otoacoustic emissions. Results  Most musicians could be categorized as normal hearing, but their audiograms show notches at 6 kHz, a frequency that is associated with NIHL. Musicians often complained about tinnitus and hyperacusis, while diplacusis was generally not reported as a problem. Tinnitus was most often localized utmost left and this could not be related to the instrument. It was usually perceived in high frequency areas, associated with NIHL. In general, musicians scored very well on the speech-in-noise test. The results of the loudness perception test were within normal limits. Otoacoustic emissions were more intense with better pure-tone thresholds, but due to large individual differences it can still not be used as an objective test for early detection of NIHL. Conclusions  Musicians show more noise induced hearing loss than could be expected on the basis of age and gender. Other indicators, such as complaints and prevalence of tinnitus, complaints about hyperacusis and prevalence of diplacusis suggest that musicians’ ears are at risk. Continuing education about the risks of intensive sound exposure to musicians, with the emphasis on the possible development of tinnitus and hyperacusis and the need for good hearing protection is warranted.     

张家港地区新生儿遗传性耳聋基因筛查情况分析及意义

目的 了解张家港地区新生儿遗传性耳聋基因筛查情况以及流行特点,实现早筛查、早发现、早诊断、早治疗.方法 收集张家港地区2017年8月15日-2019年7月31日出生的新生儿,采集其足跟血进行4个常见耳聋基因15个突变位点检测,统计分析基因检测结果.结果 2017年8月-2019年7月张家港地区活产数为21 847例,共...     

船舶工业企业噪声危害调查

目的分析船舶工业企业噪声危害特性、分布、危害程度和劳动者听力损失情况,为企业开展噪声治理及指导劳动者进行听力保护提供科学依据。方法选取3家规模以上船舶工业企业,采用与技术人员和职业卫生管理人员座谈的方式,了解生产工艺和基本情况,并对作业场所开展现场调查和个体噪声暴露剂量检测、频谱分析,对主要接触噪声的岗位工人进行纯音听力测试。结果船舶工业企业接噪岗位多,在检测的17个岗位中,除轮机检验工外,其余岗位个体噪声暴露剂量均超过85 d B(A),其中打磨工和冲砂工最为严重,其个体噪声暴露剂量达100 d B(A)左右,类型主要是高频噪声;主要接噪岗位工人的听力损失比例较高,达26.96%,其中打磨工和冲砂工的听力异常比例分别达37.88%和38.42%,且随着接噪工龄的增加,听力异常者比例不断增加,呈现明显的剂量-反应关系。结论船舶工业企业的噪声危害分布广、程度重,应及时采取工程控制措施和听力保护措施。     

某纺织厂噪声作业工人听力损失调查

目的:通过对某纺织厂噪声强度监测和对作业人员的听力检测,掌握噪声强度及听力损失的发生情况,为采取积极有效的防护措施提供依据。方法:用HS6288系列噪声分析仪监测作业场所噪声强度,并进行频谱分析,计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE);对某纺织厂接触噪声作业的无耳疾患的931人进行听力检测;用EpiData建立数据库,SAS软件8.0统计包进行统计分析。结果:该厂噪声车间的连续等效A声级均超过了85db(A),主要为中高频噪声;噪声作业人员有高频听力损失264人,检出率为28.36%,语频听力损失9人,检出率为0.97%;高频和语频听力损失的发生率均随累积接触噪声剂量的增加而升高;听力损失发生率及程度与工龄密切相关;织一车间和织二车间噪声平均>100dB(A),高频听损率分别为43.68%和42.62%,在强噪声车间作业戴耳塞者高频听损检出率低于不戴耳塞者,但高频听力损失的检出率仍然明显高于其他车间;听力损失曲线以高频凹陷谷点为3kHz及4 kHz的“V”字型为主,占高频听力损失的73.0%。结论:该厂噪声污染较严重,对作业人员听力已经产生了明显影响,应采取积极的综合预防性措施来控制噪声对作业人员健康的影响。     

稳态噪声与非稳态噪声所致工人听力损害的对比研究

目的评价两种不同性质的噪声对工人听力损害的差异方法对35家企业的稳态噪声接触1年以上工人共1421人,非稳态噪声(除脉冲噪声之外)接触1年以上冲压工人共957人进行纯音听力测试,并对35家接触噪声企业进行职业卫生学调查。结果在1421名稳态噪声组检出观察对象131例,患病率为9.2%,职业性噪声聋98人,患病率为6.8%;在957名非稳态噪声组检出观察对象74例,患病率为7.7%,职业性噪声聋60人,患病率为6.3%。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组高频和语频听力损失的患病率随累积噪声暴露量的增大而增大,呈剂量-反应关系。结论在累积噪声暴露量接触水平一致的情况下,稳态噪声与非稳态噪声(除脉冲噪声之外)对引起的听力损失差异无统计学意义。     

噪声性听力损伤影响因素的研究进展

噪声性听力损伤通常是由噪声引起的,但噪声并不是唯一的因素,很多因素比如职业危害因素的联合作用、形态测量学因素、吸烟、饮酒、医学危险因素、药物影响和基因等,对听力也有影响。其中,噪声与其他职业危害因素联合作用对劳动者健康的影响已有很多报道,涉及噪声和毒物、物理因素的联合作用。作者从职业危害因素的联合作用,形态测量学、吸烟、饮酒、医学危险因素,药物影响和基因7个方面对噪声性听力损伤的影响进行了综述。     

高温作业与噪声对人耳听力的联合影响

目的为探讨高温与噪声联合作用对作业工人听力的影响。方法联合作用组(A组)67名,单纯噪声组(B组)56名,对照组54名(C组)进行听力损伤的调查。结果噪声强度A组LAeq87．4dB(A),B组LAeq87．0dB(A);各组听损发生率A组＞B组＞C组,组间比较(P＜0．01);各组间不同频率的听阈均值对比中,2、3、4、6kHz以A组＞B组＞C组,各组间比较(P＜0．01)。结论提示高温与噪声对工人高频听阈有协同作用。     

噪声性耳聋相关基因SNP的人群遗传相关研究进展

噪声性耳聋（noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL）是由遗传因素和环境因素共同作用引起的病因复杂的职业性疾病。过去10年间有大量的易感相关研究尝试去寻找对人类NIHL起作用的基因。它是基于候选基因进行研究的,主要包括氧化应激基因群、内耳钾循环途径的基因、单基因遗传性耳聋基因和其他基因。到目前为止,最有前景的研究是获得了两个编码钾离子循环通道的基因（KCNQ4和KCNE1）、过氧化氢酶基因（CAT）、原钙粘附蛋白基因（PCDH15）,肌球蛋白基因（MYH14）和热激蛋白基因（HSP70）。因为,它们在2个（波兰和瑞士）或者3个（波兰,瑞士和中国人）人群中复制,并且有足够的大样本检测并确定致病基因。如今,随着高通量基因分型方法的发展能够检测成百上千个线性排列的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）,这将使新的NIHL易感性基因鉴定成为可能。通过这些关联研究将促进遗传测试的发展,从而有助于保护暴露在噪声环境下的个体并展开个性化治疗。     

两种评价噪声性听觉损伤易感性方法的比较

目的比较两种评价噪声性听觉损伤易感性的方法。方法通过对103只豚鼠110dB(A)3h噪声暴露后的暂时性听阈偏移(TTS)进行统计学分析,作左右耳TTS均值频数分布图,探讨其分布规律;分别用百分位数法和正态分布法计算噪声暴露后豚鼠左右耳TTS均值90%参考值范围,在此基础上判定噪声性听觉损伤易感与不易感豚鼠,并对两种方法进行比较分析。结果左右耳TTS均值90%参考值范围,百分位数法计算结果为18.2～31.4dB,易感和不易感豚鼠分别为7只和6只;正态分布法计算结果为14.6～31.8dB,易感和不易感豚鼠分别为7只和1只。结论百分位数法更适合用于豚鼠噪声性听觉损伤易感性的评价。     

High-frequency-noise-induced hearing loss: a field study on the role of intensity level and accumulated noise dose

Summary Based on audiometric tests in the range of 10 to 20 kHz, of 106 ultrasound operators, as well as on measurements of high-frequency noise, the problem of safety limits for high-frequency noise exposure was investigated. Analyzing the relation between noise levels of 1/3 octave bands at center frequencies of 10, 12.5 and 16 kHz and the accumulated noise dose on the one hand, and changes of hearing at 10 to 12, 11 to 13 and 14 to 16 kHz respectively, on the other hand, a harmless level up to 80 dB and a harmless noise dose up to 1 unit for people not older than 40 years have been found. For older people this level and this noise dose can be dangerous.     

Prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among woodworkers in Nepal: a pilot study

Background: The woodworking industry represents an important cause of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), a significant yet underappreciated problem in many developing countries.Objectives: To describe the prevalence of occupational NIHL among woodworkers in Nepal and measure noise levels at workplaces.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 124 woodworkers (88 carpenters, 36 sawyers), recruited through convenience sampling from 26 workplaces. Pure-tone audiometry between the frequencies 0·5 and 8 kHz ascertained participants’ hearing status, and noise readings were taken at selected workplaces.Results: In all, 31% of carpenters and 44% of sawyers met criteria for NIHL, with 7 and 17% meeting World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for hearing impairment (HI), respectively. Noise levels at various workplaces ranged from 71·2 to 93·9 dBA.Conclusions: Woodworkers in Nepal are at risk of occupational NIHL. As the industry develops, this problem will likely become more extensive, highlighting the need for workplace interventions and additional research.