8例肠系膜上动脉栓塞取栓术围手术期护理

对8例肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者给予Fogarty导管取栓术．配合肠切除、肠吻合，并采取积极有效的护理措施，术前心理疏导。术后对患者进行严格的ICU监护，从而减少并发症的发生，降低病死率。     

18例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的护理

目的总结18例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者的围手术期观察和护理经验。方法对18例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者的临床护理资料进行科学分析和细致总结。结果本组18例患者能积极配合治疗,3例死于脓毒血症导致的多脏器功能衰竭,1例术后并发短肠综合征,经肠外营养支持后好转出院,其余患者均治愈出院。结论急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的护理重点为详细了解其既往病史,密切观察病情,协助医生迅速诊断,做好术前术后护理,严防术后并发症的发生。     

一例老年短肠综合征的护理

短肠综合征，是指小肠被大部分切除以后所致的吸收障碍综合征。大段切除患者可能要终生依靠胃肠外营养。１９９６年４月我科收治一名急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞，小肠广泛坏死大部切除的老年患者。经过７个月的精心护理，患者可正常经口进食，停止胃肠外营养，痊愈出院。现将有...     

8例高龄肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者行Fogarty导管辅助取栓的术后护理

总结了8例高龄肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者行Fogarty导管辅助取栓术的术后护理。肠系膜上动脉栓塞因肠缺血缺氧导致肠黏膜渗出,细菌入侵肠壁造成菌群异位,术后血管再通后对肠壁的缺血再灌注损伤,加上高龄患者胃肠动力及功能差引起吸收不良导致出现腹泻,予做好腹泻护理,防止出现皮肤并发症;加强抗凝治疗的护理,每天观察记录腹腔引流管的量、颜色及性状,同时结合患者生命体征、腹部体征、临床表现及自觉症状全面分析患者病情变化,及早发现黏膜及脏器出血并积极处理;加强营养支持、合并证及并发症的观察及护理。8例患者6例临床痊愈出院,1例并发脑梗死转神经内科治疗,1例术后因并发肺部感染、多脏器功能衰竭死亡。     

急性肠系膜上动脉闭塞性疾病的手术治疗经验

目的探讨急性肠系膜上动脉闭塞性疾病(ASMO)的手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析天津医科大学总医院2007年1月至2010年12月收治的27例经手术治疗的ASMO患者的临床资料。结果本组27例患者,行肠切除术10例、肠系膜上动脉取栓术3例、肠切除及肠系膜上动脉取栓术11例、肠系膜上动脉取栓及内膜剥脱术1例、肠切除及腹主动脉至肠系膜上动脉搭桥术1例、肠切除及肠系膜上动脉取栓并右髂总至肠系膜上和腹腔干动脉逆行搭桥术1例。治愈13例,死亡14例,死亡率51.85%。13例术后患者获得随访3～24个月,随访期间再发本病者1例,经肠切除及肠系膜上动脉取栓术治愈。结论早期诊断、早期手术、合理选择术式、减少缺血再灌注损伤是提高患者存活率的关键。     

急性肠系膜动脉性缺血患者的术后护理

肠系膜动脉缺血性疾病是指由于肠系膜动脉的急性血循环障碍,导致肠管缺血坏死,临床上表现为血运性肠梗阻.其原因包括肠系膜上动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉血栓形成,其中以肠系膜上动脉栓塞较多见.临床起病急骤,病情发展迅速,误诊率及死亡率均较高.因此,护理干预对急性肠系膜动脉性缺血的康复非常重要.我科2008年1月～2011年6月对32例患有急性肠系膜动脉性缺血的术后患者进行护理干预,取得满意效果,现报告如下.     

肠系膜上动脉急性栓塞42例临床分析

目的:探讨急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞(SMAE)的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法:回顾性总结我院2004年4月至2007年4月收治的42例SMAE患者的临床资料。结果:本组42例患者中,均有动脉硬化闭塞症、风湿性心脏病、心房纤颤或栓塞病史;临床表现为剧烈的腹痛、早期的胃肠排空等;行多普勒超声及螺旋CT血管造影检查确诊28例,早期诊断率为67%;肠系膜上动脉造影24例,均能确诊,早期诊断率为100%;误诊3例,误诊率7%。行肠系膜上动脉切开取栓术21例,肠系膜上动脉旁路术5例,肠切除吻合术16例。29例康复出院,13例死亡,病死率31%。死亡原因,多器官功能衰竭6例,吻合口漏致感染性休克3例,短肠综合征2例,心肌梗死2例。结论:提高对SMAE的认识,早期、及时、正确作出诊断和治疗是影响患者预后和生存率的主要因素。     

老年肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者行介入治疗的护理

总结了10例老年肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者行介入治疗的护理,包括术前心理护理、病情观察、术后胃肠道护理、应用抗凝药物的护理,认为在围手术期整个过程中密切观察病情变化、早期诊断治疗并给予及时有效的护理,对促进老年肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者康复、降低并发症发生率及病死率有重要意义。     

多处动脉急性栓塞手术成功1例

1病例报告男，72岁。2005—05—27以风心病、急性胃肠炎在循环内科住院治疗，1周后，患者活动后突然出现右下腹痛及右下肢剧烈疼痛，右下肢颜色苍白，皮温变凉，足背动脉及胭动脉搏动消失，腹无压痛及反跳痛。肠鸣音1～2次／min，少尿。血管造影：右肾动脉栓塞。肠系膜上动脉起始处栓塞，肠系膜下动脉栓塞，右下肢动脉栓塞。急诊全麻行Fogarty导管右下肢动脉取栓术，肠系膜上、下动脉．右肾动脉取栓术。术中各栓塞血管均取出血栓。其中肠系膜上动脉取栓方法为：在回结肠动脉切开，肠系膜上动脉根部阻断，置入3号Fogarty导管，取出肠系膜上动脉根部栓子1枚，松开阻断带，有高压血喷出，结扎两断端血管，切除坏死的回肠肠管。手术顺利，术后恢复良好。     

Fogarty导管取栓加动脉内综合给药治疗急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞10例

目的：分析应用Fogarty导管取栓术中肠系膜上动脉内注射药物综合治疗急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞的疗效。方法：对10例急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞患者,采用切开肠系膜上动脉用Fogarty导管取栓的同时向肠系膜上动脉内注射尿激酶、5％碳酸氢钠、罂粟碱和抗生素治疗。结果：10例患者无一例出现肠坏死,减少了术后并发症的发生。结论：应用Fogarty导管取栓加肠系膜上动脉内综合给药治疗急性肠系膜上动脉栓塞效果满意。     

双源CT血管成像诊断急性肠系膜缺血价值

目的探讨双源CT血管成像（dual—sourceCTangiography,DSCTA）在急性肠系膜缺血（acutemesentericischemia,AMI）诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析14例经手术或介入治疗证实AMI患者的DSCTA影像资料。结果14例患者中肠系膜上动脉栓塞2例,肠系膜上动脉血栓形成6例,肠系膜上静脉血栓形成3例（1例合并门静脉血栓）,肠系膜上动脉重度狭窄1例,表现为血管突然中断,管腔内充盈缺损,管壁增厚,管腔变小,钙化影;肠系膜上动脉夹层2例,显示为真假双腔,内膜片清晰。间接征象为不同程度肠腔扩张,肠管内气液平,肠壁增厚或变薄,腹腔积液。增强扫描时肠壁不强化或强化延迟、减弱。结论DSCTA可准确显示AMI直接征象,是较理想的影像学检查方法。     

颈动脉体瘤患者的手术配合及护理

目的探讨颈动脉体瘤(carotid body tumor,CBT)患者的手术配合及护理方法。方法回顾性分析2010年1-5月浙江省肿瘤医院行手术治疗的16例CBT患者的临床资料,患者在全身麻醉下分别行单纯肿瘤切除、肿瘤切除+颈外动脉切除、肿瘤切除+颈外动脉切除+颈内动脉切除+颈总动脉分叉部切除、肿瘤切除+颈外动脉切除+颈内动脉切除+颈总动脉分叉部切除+血管重建术。结果患者术中出血100～1 000ml,术中输血0～1 600ml,术后复苏过程顺利。除1例患者术后出现脑梗死症状,经积极治疗缓解外,余均顺利出院。结论手术室护士正确、熟练、高质量的护理配合是手术过程顺利与成功的重要因素,也是手术中应急抢救成功的重要保障。     

影响肠系膜上动脉血栓预后因素的研究

目的探讨影响肠系膜上动脉血栓患者预后的多种因素,为改善其预后提供指导意义。方法 61例肠系膜上动脉血栓患者的预后为死亡、短肠和治愈,分别对比研究死亡组与治愈组、手术后短肠组与非短肠组患者的年龄、性别、病程、有无便血、是否合并心血管疾病和血栓栓塞位置,比较影响其预后的多种因素。结果肠系膜上动脉血栓死亡组患者≤6 h病程的比例明显低于治愈组、血栓栓塞的位置明显高于治愈组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。死亡组患者的年龄、性别、便血及合并心血管疾病与治愈组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肠系膜上动脉血栓短肠组≤6 h病程的比例明显低于非短肠组、血栓栓塞的位置明显高于非短肠组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。短肠组的年龄、性别、便血及合并心血管疾病与非短肠组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论病程和血栓栓塞的位置是影响肠系膜上动脉血栓患者预后的两个关键因素。     

彩超在房颤合并动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的探讨彩超对房颤患者合并动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法对12例腹痛合并房颤患者进行腹部彩超检查,与手术或临床诊疗结果进行对照分析。结果12例均为动脉栓塞,其中脾动脉栓塞4例,肾动脉栓塞2例,肠系膜上动脉栓塞3例,腹主动脉自髂动脉分叉处水平以下栓塞1例,单侧股动脉栓塞2例,超声诊断准确率75％。结论彩色多普勒超声时房颤患者并发动脉栓塞诊断有较高的价值。     

Conduite à tenir devant une suspicion d’ischémie mésentérique aiguë

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency medicine. Its mortality remains high (30 to 95%), depending on both its etiologies and the rapidity of treatment. The term acute mesenteric ischemia is currently applied to a wide spectrum of bowel injuries within the distribution of the superior mesenteric vessels, ranging from reversible alterations in bowel function (acute mesenteric ischemia syndrome) to transmural necrosis of the bowel wall (mesenteric infarction). AMI may result from a superior mesenteric embolus, thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery or vein, or non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. The lack of specific clinical signs requires other diagnostic means. Abdominal computed tomographic scan is currently the most efficient diagnostic tool. It also helps to rule out diseases that may mimic AMI. Intravenous contrast injection may show mesenteric vascular occlusion and specific abnomalities of the bowel mucosae. Initial treatment consists of volume resuscitation and administration of appropriate doses of vasopressive drugs. The vasospasm treatment needs further clinical research. Diagnostic and therapeutic angiography is not easy to perform in regular practice, whereas a selective superior mesenteric artery catheter may allow a specific treatment for some patients. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.     

4例肠系膜上动脉综合征患儿围手术期护理

目的肠系膜上动脉综合症患儿围手术期护理。方法我科于2002年～2005年间收治4例肠系膜上动脉综合症患儿，行十二指肠空肠吻合术。通过术前心理护理及指导正确卧位，加强营养充分调理，纠正水和电解质平衡失调，备血及留置胃管洗胃。术后密切观察生命体征，保持胃管通畅，合理应用抗生素，加强基础护理，预防各种并发症发生，正确指导卫生宣教。结果四例患儿临床症状均消失，切口愈合良好，无感染及肠瘘等并发症发生，痊愈出院。结论术后正确有效的护理方法有利于预防并发症促进早日康复。     

Arteriography after embolization before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection

Objective: To evaluate hemodynamics by arteriographic examinations with and without CT in the stomach wall and liver after preoperative embolization to redistribute blood flow to the stomach and liver, which is unified to be supplied from the superior mesenteric artery, before distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP-CAR). Material and methods: In six patients with locally advanced cancer of the pancreatic body in whom DP-CAR was planned, the left gastric artery and common hepatic artery were embolized with coils. Celiac arteriography and superior mesenteric arteriography with and without CT were performed after embolization. Results: In all six patients, intrahepatic arteries and the left gastric artery were not visualized on celiac arteriography. On both superior mesenteric arteriography and CT obtained while contrast medium was infused via the superior mesenteric artery and which was performed immediately after embolization procedures, the right gastric artery, gastroepiploic artery, gastroduodenal artery, and all hepatic arterial branches were clearly detected. Also the distal part of the left gastric artery close to the embolized point was detected with at least one of the imaging modalities. Conclusion: It was clarified radiologically that preoperative embolization results in increased blood supply to the stomach wall and liver through the pancreatic arcade.     

急性肠系膜缺血性疾病35例的诊治体会

目的总结急性肠系膜缺血性疾病的早期诊治经验。方法回顾性分析1988～2007年间诊治的35例急性肠系膜缺血性疾病患者的临床资料。发生在肠系膜动脉30例，肠系膜静脉5例。主要临床表现为急性腹痛（94％）；51％的患者有血清酶谱异常。结果全部病例均通过手术得以证实。4例行肠系膜上动脉置管溶栓，15例行Fogarty导管取栓术，16例行肠管切除。总病死率为23％，肠管坏死病例病死率为50％，多例患者术后出现再灌注损伤。结论动态观察血清酶谱变化有助于该类疾病的早期诊断，对术后再灌注损伤要高度重视。     

Sonographic features related to volvulus in neonatal intestinal malrotation.

This 3 year prospective study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography in 31 neonates with suspected malrotation or malrotation with volvulus. Water instillation was used to detect duodenal dilatation, edema, and malrotated bowels. Twenty patients with ultrasonographic characteristics of inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein were later surgically proved to have malrotation. Nine of these 20 patients also had volvulus. Sonographic features suggestive of volvulus included duodenal dilation with tapering configuration (8 of 9 cases, 89%), fixed midline bowel (8 of 9 cases, 89%), whirlpool sign (8 of 9 cases, 89%), and dilation of the distal superior mesenteric vein (5 of 5 cases, 100%). The sensitivity and specificity of duodenal dilation with tapering configuration for detecting volvulus were 89% and 92%, respectively; of fixed midline bowel, 89% and 92%; of whirlpool sign, 89% and 92%; and of dilation of distal superior mesenteric vein, 56% and 73%. The results of this study indicate that ultrasonographic features of inversion of the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein could aid in the diagnosis of malrotation, and certain sonographic features can also be used to evaluate volvulus, a condition requiring emergent operation.