60℃碘油栓塞兔VX2肝癌

目的评价60℃碘油栓塞对兔VX2肝癌的抑瘤效果.方法将VX2瘤细胞接种于30只新西兰白兔肝左叶,建立兔肝癌模型,随机分3组,每组10只.经导管向肝动脉分别注入生理盐水、37℃碘油、60℃碘油,1周后观察各组肿瘤体积及血清AST水平,以及瘤兔的存活期.结果60℃碘油组生长率(0.92±0.21)与对照组(3.48±1.17)、37℃碘油组(1.29±0.26)相比有差异(P＜0.05).60℃碘油组存活期(41.0±3.0)与对照组(31.5±3.0)相比有差异(P＜0.05).60℃碘油组血清AST水平与37℃碘油组相比无差异(P＞0.05),与对照组相比有差异(P＜0.05).结论60℃碘油组可降低肿瘤生长率,延长存活期,肝功的损害是可逆的,且抑瘤效果更强.     

介入性灌注热碘油栓塞兔VX_2肝癌的疗效研究

目的评价热碘油对兔VX2肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法将30只载瘤兔,随机分为两组,每组15只。A组为常温30℃碘油灌注,B组为60℃热碘油灌注。经导管由肝动脉分别灌注常温碘油和热碘油,10 d后观察两组肿瘤体积及血清AST水平,观察载瘤兔的存活期。结果 B组肿瘤生长率(0.90±0.18)与A组(1.28±0.27)相比有统计学差异(P<0.05);A组存活期(42.0±2.0)d与B组(32.5±3.0)d相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。A组血清AST水平与B组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 60℃热碘油栓塞兔VX2肝癌可明显降低肿瘤生长率并延长存活期。     

兔VX2肝癌阿霉素热碘油栓塞的疗效观察

目的　评价阿霉素 (ADM)热碘油栓塞对兔VX2肝癌的抑瘤效果。材料与方法　将VX2瘤细胞接种于 6 0只新西兰白兔肝左叶 ,建立兔肝癌模型 ,随机分 4组 ,每组 15只。利用导管经肝动脉将生理盐水、超液态碘油、37℃ADM碘油、6 0℃ADM碘油分别给与不同组 ,1周后观察各组肿瘤体积及血清天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)水平 ,观察荷瘤兔的存活期。结果　 6 0℃ADM碘油组生长率 (0 .5 3± 0 .11)与对照组 (3.4 8± 1.17)相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,与超液态碘油组 (0 .99± 0 .2 1)、37℃ADM碘油组 (0 .89± 0 .16 )相比有差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。 6 0℃ADM碘油组存活期[(5 3.0± 3.0 )d]与其他处理组 [(4 6 .0± 2 .5 )d ,(4 7.5± 3.0 )d]相比有差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。 6 0℃ADM碘油组血清AST水平治疗前后变化与其他处理组相比无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,与对照组相比有差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　 6 0℃ADM碘油可大大降低肿瘤生长率 ,延长动物存活期 ,并对肝功能的损害是可逆的 ,其抑瘤效果更强     

热碘油栓塞兔肝VX2肿瘤的抑瘤效果

目的评价热碘油栓塞对兔VX2肝癌的抑瘤效果。方法将VX2瘤细胞接种于30只新西兰白兔肝左叶,建立兔肝癌模型,随机分为A、B和C3组,每组10只。利用导管经肝动脉分别给生理盐水(A组)、37°C碘油(B组)和60°C碘油(C组),7d后观察各组肿瘤体积及血清AST水平,观察瘤兔的存活期。结果C组肿瘤的生长率(0.92±0.21)与A组(3.48±1.17)和B组(1.29±0.26)相比有差异(P<0.05)。C组的存活期(41.0±3.0)d与A组(31.5±3.0)d相比有差异(P<0.05)。C组血清AST水平与B组相比无差异(P>0.05),与A组相比有差异(P<0.05)。结论60°C碘油栓塞兔VX2肝癌可明显降低肿瘤生长率并延长存活期。     

兔肝癌介入性热化疗的疗效观察

目的评价介入性热化疗对兔肝癌的抑瘤效果.方法将VX2瘤细胞接种于60只新西兰白兔肝左叶,建立免肝癌模型,随机分4组,每组15只.利用导管经肝动脉分别给生理盐水、超液态碘化油、ADM溶液(37℃)、ADM溶液(60℃)于不同组,1周后观察各组肿瘤体积及血清AST水平,观察瘤兔的存活期.结果ADM溶液(60℃)热灌注组生长率(0.53±0.21)与对照组(3.48±1.17)相比有显著性差异(Ρ＜0.01),与栓塞组(1.13±0.23)、ADM溶液(37℃)灌注组(1.09±0.26)相比亦有显著性差异(Ρ＜0.05).ADM溶液(60℃)热灌注组存活期(50.0±3.0d)与对照组(40.5±3.0d)相比差异有显著性(Ρ＜0.05).ADM溶液(60℃)热灌注组血清AST水平治疗前后变化与其它各组相比无显著性差异(Ρ＞0.05),与对照组相比差异有显著性(Ρ＜0.05).结论ADM溶液(60℃)热灌注组可大大降低肿瘤生长率,延长存活期,对肝功的损害是可逆的,其抑瘤效果更强.     

热碘油栓塞兔肝VX2肿瘤血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨热碘油栓塞兔肝VX2瘤血液动力学的影响.方法 30只载VX2瘤兔,随机分为3组A组37℃生理盐水,B组37℃碘油,C组60℃热碘油,经股动脉穿刺、兔肝动脉插管灌注或栓塞瘤血管床,1周后多普勒超声观察肿瘤血供及肝动脉、门静脉血流动力学变化,检测结果与治疗前相应血管的多普勒参数行比较.结果 与A,B组相比,热碘油灌注栓塞后肝动脉血流速度降低最明显(P＜0.01),阻力指数增大(P＜0.05),门静脉血流速度及内径无明显变化(P＞0.05);治疗后显示热碘油组瘤内及瘤周血流信号均明显减弱,部分消失(P＜0.05).结论 热碘油栓塞可更有效地阻断兔肝VX2肿瘤供血,提高疗效.     

60℃碘油栓塞对兔肝VX2肿瘤血供的影响

目的 观察60℃碘油栓塞对兔肝VX2肿瘤的血流动力学的影响.方法 30只肝VX2肿瘤兔,随机分为3组,分别采用37℃生理盐水(对照组)、37℃碘油及60℃碘油各1 ml分别经兔肝动脉灌注,多普勒观察处理前后1周肝脏及肿瘤血供情况,肝动脉、门静脉血流动力学变化.结果 60℃碘油栓塞后肝动脉最大血流速度与对照组比明显降低(P<0.01),与37℃碘油组比降低(P<0.05).与对照组比60℃碘油栓塞组肝动脉内径缩小(P<0.01),阻力指数增大(P<0.01),门静脉血流速度及内径均无明显变化(P>0.05).治疗前,所有病灶能量及彩色多普勒均可检测出瘤内及瘤周较丰富血流信号,治疗后显示60℃碘油组瘤内及瘤周血流信号均明显减弱,部分消失.结论 60℃碘油栓塞可更有效地阻断兔肝VX2肿瘤供血.     

三氧化二砷-碘油化疗栓塞对兔肝移植瘤转移及与血管形成关系的研究

目的观察三氧化二砷（ As2O3）-碘油经肝动脉化疗栓塞对兔VX2肝移植瘤生长及转移的影响及与血管形成的关系。方法 48只家兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周，完全随机法分为4组，经肝动脉插管分别给予不同处理，实验设生理盐水灌注组、单纯碘油栓塞组、阿霉素．碘油栓塞组及 As2O3-碘油栓塞组。治疗后1周，免疫组织化学测定肿瘤区的微血管密度（MVD），治疗后3周，测量计算肝移植瘤的体积、坏死面积，观察肝内、双肺及其他器官肿瘤转移的发生率。结果 治疗后1周，各组MVD分别为（21．8±5．3）、（23．4±3．9）、（22．4±4．50）、（14．3±3．4）条／400倍视野（F=11．246，P=0．000）， As2O3-碘油栓塞治疗组与其他组相比差异有统计学意义；肿瘤植入后5周，各处理组肿瘤体积分别为（35．5±7．1）、（21．2±8．3）、（20．7±9．1）、（11．8±3．7）cm^3（F=21．203，P=0．000）。单纯碘油栓塞组、阿霉素一碘油栓塞组及 As2O3-碘油栓塞组与生理盐水灌注组相比差异有统计学意义（q值分别为6．723、6．940、11．119，P〈0．05）， As2O3-碘油栓塞组与单纯碘油栓塞及阿霉素-碘油栓塞组相比差异有统计学意义（g值分别为4．398、4．178，P值均〈0．05）；各组肿瘤坏死面积间差异无统计学意义（F=1．284，P=0．292）； As2O3-碘油栓塞治疗组双肺转移结节数目少于其他组（H=14．983，P=0．002），结节直径小于其他组（F=4．580，P=0．007），差异有统计学意义。腹腔转移淋巴结记分显示 As2O3-碘油栓塞治疗组腹腔淋巴结转移少于其他组（H=9．148，P=0．027）。双肺转移结节的数目、直径及腹腔转移淋巴结与肿瘤的微血管密度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论 As2O3-碘油联合经肝动脉栓塞治疗，抑制兔肝移植瘤的生长，抑制肿瘤的肺及腹腔淋巴结转移，其抑制转移的机制可能与抑制肿瘤血管形成有关。     

碘油磁液经肝动脉栓塞热疗兔VX2肝癌的实验研究

目的 探讨碘油磁液经肝动脉栓塞热疗术对荷瘤兔肝、肾功能的影响及其疗效.方法 VX2兔肝癌模型32只,数字表法随机等分成4组:碘油磁液栓塞热疗组(A组)、碘油磁液栓塞组(B组)、单纯碘油栓塞组(C组)、对照组(D组).A、B两组实验兔经肝动脉注入碘油磁液0.5～0.8 ml栓塞病灶,C组实验兔仅用碘油栓塞.栓塞后仅A组实验兔在交变磁场下诱导热疗.实验兔分别于栓塞或栓塞热疗术前1 d和术后1、7、14 d经耳缘静脉取血,行肝、肾功能检查.肝功能指标选取丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),肾功能指标选取血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酐(Cr).栓塞术前、术后即刻、术后7、14 d行CT扫描并随访,观察碘油磁液或碘油在瘤内沉积分布情况并分别测量肿瘤大小.术后14 d处死实验兔,完整切取肝脏、脾、肾和肺,作病理检查.各组测量数据以重复测量方差分析进行统计学分析.结果 A组实验兔术前1 d和术后1、7、14 d ALT分别为(43.9±19.0)、(795.1±327.1)、(67.0±9.3)、(41.9±10.8)U/L,AST分别为(50.2±13.6)、(1011.2±655.9)、(62.4±24.1)、(51.6±7.9)U/L;B组ALT分别为(45.0±19.1)、(580.8±160.4)、(67.2±31.0)、(47.6±7.8)U/L,AST分另U为(52.9±20.3)、(735.2±186.1)、(57.9±24.8)、(50.9±9.8)U/L;C组ALT分别为(47.4±14.6)、(558.5±167.8)、(63.5±21.9)、(48.0.±9.3)U/L,AST分别为(51.8±9.5)、(752.5±112.0)、(56.5 ±20.6)、(51.4±8.6)U/L;术后1 dALT和AST较术前和D组明显升高(P值均<0.01),术后7、14 d所测值与术前比较差异无统计学意义.栓塞术前后4组实验兔BUN和Cr值组间和组内比较,差异均无统计学意义.术后7 d CT示A、B、C 3组瘤区碘油磁液和碘油沉积分布与栓塞或栓塞热疗前相比无明显变化.术后14 d CT示A组瘤区碘油磁液沉积更集中、密实,B、C两组共5例肿瘤瘤周碘油磁液或碘油移位、部分消失.术后14 d,A组肿瘤体积[(6.1±0.6)cm~3]较术前[(7.8±1.4)cm~3]平均缩小约21.7%(F=17.56,P<0.01),而术前B、C两组肿瘤体积分别为(7.9±1.1)、(7.8±0.9)cm~3,治疗后14 d分别为(9.1±0.8)、(9.3±1.0)cm~3,较术前平均增大16.2%、18.9%(F值分别为25.23、55.50,P值均<0.01).病理检查,栓塞14 d后,A组肿瘤坏死均达80%以上,B、C两组肿瘤坏死约30%~50%.结论 碘油磁液对兔VX2肝癌行选择性肝动脉栓塞热疗是安全有效的,具有可行性.     

门静脉阻断对肝癌VEGF表达影响的实验研究

目的探讨门静脉阻断对兔肝VX2移植瘤血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响。材料与方法40只新西兰大白兔随机分为门静脉阻断后即刻移植瘤体组（A组）、移植瘤体生长3周后门静脉阻断组（B组）、阴性对照组（C组）、移植瘤体未行门静脉阻断的阳性对照组（D组）各10只。所有实验兔均行常规HE染色,免疫组织化学检测其VEGF的表达强度。结果A组左外叶肝组织部分呈凝固性坏死,HE染色呈均匀红色。B组兔左内叶明显萎缩,肿瘤的生长明显受抑制,其瘤体最大径平均为（2.55±0.46）cm,明显小于D组（3.59±0.37）cm（t=5.57,P〈0.001）。实验A、B、C组及D组的平均VEGF表达强度值分别为0.10±0.06,0.66±0.21,0.28±0.09和1.48±0.32。A组明显低于C组（t=5.07,P〈0.001）,B组明显低于D组（t=6.38,P〈0.001）。结论门静脉阻断可使兔肝VX2移植瘤的VEGF表达减弱。     

Stress MR imaging for evaluation of popliteal artery entrapment

The popliteal artery entrapment (PAE) syndrome has been recognized as a cause of arterial occlusion in young people. It is the result of an anomaly of the relationship between the popliteal artery and the gastrocnemius muscle. Eight young healthy volunteers (16 legs) and six patients (10 legs) with suspected PAE underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gradient-echo images were obtained in axial planes with the leg at rest and during active plantar flexion against resistance. Imaging at rest allowed identification of PAE signs in only one leg, which had an anomalous medial course of the popliteal artery. In the other cases, only the stress technique was able to show signal loss in the popliteal artery due to muscular compression (two legs) or the presence of accessory muscle slip around the vessel (two legs), as confirmed at surgery. MR imaging is therefore a useful technique for the diagnosis of PAE because of its capability of combining information obtainable with other modalities.     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Uterine contractions: Possible diagnostic pitfall at MR imaging

A total of 206 nongravid patients with various gynecologic problems underwent pelvic magnetic resonance (MR) examinations that included both sagittal T2-weighted and contrast agent–enhanced T1-weighted images. MR images were retrospectively reviewed to identify changes in endometrial configuration on serial images obtained during the same MR examination. In 20 MR examinations (all in women of reproductive age), endometrial distortion due to myometrial bulging was noted on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. It was absent on other MR images obtained at different times. Myometrial bulging exhibited low signal intensity in 18 examinations. The finding resembled adenomyosis or leiomyoma on T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. These results evidence the presence of transient myometrial bulging and transient low-intensity myometrium in the nongravid uterus. This phenomenon is thought to represent uterine contraction. Clinicians should be aware of the potential presence of transient low-signal-intensity myometrial bulging that could present diagnostic problems in the normal uterus.     

Controversies in cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

No area of emergency radiology has generated as much discussion in recent years as the subject of cervical spine imaging for trauma patients. This review will be in three parts. The first will examine the indications for cervical imaging and will focus on those factors that make patients at high risk or low risk for cervical injury. The second part will discuss the merits of radiography and computed tomography as the main screening diagnostic examination. In addition to the roles of each modality in the evaluation process, such factors as efficacy of diagnosis, time (duration) of study, and cost will be discussed. Finally, the third part will explore the methods currently employed to clear the cervical spine in comatose patients.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Emergency Radiology, Las Vegas, Nevada, 22–25 October, 2003     

Brodie Abscess: MR imaging appearance in 10 patients

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Brodie abscess have not yet been fully evaluated. Ten patients with Brodie abscess, eight of long bone and two of vertebra, were studied with MR imaging. Long bone abscess had a characteristic “target” appearance with four layers: (a) a center with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR (short-inversion-time inversion recovery) images, (b) an inner ring isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and with high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images, (c) an outer ring hypoin-tense on all images, and (d) a peripheral halo hypointense on T1-weighted images. In six of eight cases, a soft-tissue mass was found. The two vertebral abscesses had a less specific appearance, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted and STIR images. Only the peripheral halo was clearly identified in both cases.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.     

Right-side aortic arch with aneurysm of aberrant left subclavian artery: MR imaging appearance.

Reports of aneurysms of the subclavian artery in both normal and anomalous aortic arches have been rare. The authors describe a patient with a right-side aortic arch and an aneurysm of the aberrant left subclavian artery, which, to the authors' knowledge, is a previously unreported association. At presentation, the aneurysm appeared as a calcified left superior mediastinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging enabled preoperative diagnosis and guided surgical planning.     

Adrenal tissue characterization with 0.5-T MR imaging: Value of T2*-weighted images

The authors investigated the value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 0.5 T for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. The series included 23 adrenal adenomas (18 nonhyperfunctioning, five hyperfunctioning) and 23 adrenal metastases from various organs. Adrenal tumor–liver signal intensity ratios on T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images were calculated for adrenal tissue characterization. Adrenal adenomas were more precisely distinguished from adrenal metastases on T2*-weighted images (21 of 23, 91%) than on T2-weighted images (15 of 23, 65%). T1-weighted images were not useful for this distinction. In conclusion, T2*-weighted images were better than routine T2-weighted images for distinguishing adrenal adenomas from adrenal metastases. It can be postulated that the total signal intensity of adrenal adenomas, which contain some fat components, decreased on T2*-weighted images because of an out-of-phase effect.     

MR angiography of congenital heart disease: Value of segmented two-dimensional inflow technique and maximum-intensity-projection display

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the cardiovascular system was evaluated in 41 patients with congenital heart disease by using a two-dimensional (2D) inflow technique based on a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo pulse sequence with segmented k-space data acquisition and electrocardiographic gating at 0.5 T. Inversion and saturation prepulses were used to suppress stationary tissue and enhance intravascular signal. Presaturation slabs were applied where certain vascular structures had to be suppressed. Sequence parameters were optimized by evaluating signal intensity and contrast characteristics for various flip angles and inversion and saturation delay times. The heart and intrathoracic vasculature were encompassed with 40–50 overlapping sections. Both 2D angiograms and maximum-intensity-projection images were evaluated. Combining data sets acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientations provided the most satisfactory information about the pulmonary arteries. The highest signal-to-noise ratios were obtained with a flip angle of 65° and short prepulse delay times. Two-dimensional MR angiography can provide useful diagnostic information but requires a thorough understanding of in-plane and hemodynamically induced signal intensity changes.