抗人淋巴细胞再循环受体单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

用人外周血高纯度的淋巴细胞做抗原，通过杂交瘤技术，获得一鼠抗人单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）－ＱＭ５（ＩｇＧ１，ｋ轻链）。ＭｃＡｂＱＭ５能特异地与９８％的淋巴细胞、５２％的单核细胞和１０％左右的胸腺细胞反应，而不与红细胞、血小板和多核白细胞反应，与ＯＫＴ３和ＯＫＴ８抗原亦不相关。     

抗Thy－1单克隆抗体的免疫抑制作用

从体内、体外研究了抗Ｔｈｙ－１单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的免疫抑制作用。结果表明：（１）体外抗Ｔｈｙ－１ＭｃＡｂ在补体参与下能够杀伤小鼠胸腺细胞，无补体时能抑制ＣｏｎＡ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应；（２）在体内，可以抑制小鼠脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ和ＰＨＡ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖、但不影响ＬＰＳ诱导的Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果说明：抗Ｔｈｙ－１ＭｃＡｂ的免疫抑制作用可能包括补体依赖性细胞毒作用和通过Ｔｈｙ－１分子对Ｔ淋巴细胞功能的抑制。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白T单克隆抗体的研制及鉴定

以人心肌肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ｃＴｎＴ）为抗原，采用脾内免疫法，免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，取其脾淋巴细胞与小鼠Ｓｐ２／０细胞融合，经间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选，三次克隆化后获得５株能稳定分泌抗ｃＴｎＴ单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的杂交瘤细胞Ｇ３、Ｇ８、Ｇ１０、Ａ５和Ａ７。免疫球蛋白亚类鉴定其中１株为ＩｇＧ２ａ，４株为ＩｇＭ。染色体数目９２～１１０条。将Ｇ３、Ｇ８、Ｇ１０、Ａ５的单克隆抗体腹水做１：１００稀释与ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ、ＣＫＭＢ和ＧＯＴ等心肌酶均无交叉反应。５株ＭｃＡｂ的腹水效价为３．２×１０－６～１．６×１０－７。ＭｃＡｂ相加试验表明，Ａ５和Ｇ３可识别不同的抗原表位。     

抗人甲状腺球蛋白抗—抗独特型抗体（Ab3）的诱导和鉴定

用抗人甲状腺球蛋白单克隆抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ１）免疫家兔，在诱导产生抗－ＴＧ独特型抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ２）同时，诱导产生了抗－抗独特型抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ３）。其特异性经间接ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＴＧ中和抑制试验和抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ２阻断抑制试验证实。     

一个新的CD4单克隆抗体的研制

用基因工程重组人ＣＤ４分子免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，制备了一个分泌抗ＣＤ４ＭｃＡｂ的杂交瘤细胞株。该ＭｃＡｂ与ＣＤ４分子有强反应，其亲和力常数Ｋａｆｆ＝６．１２５×１０￣９Ｍ￣（－１）。竞争结合实验表明，它与ＡＴＣＣ克隆ＣＲＬ８００２（ＯＫＴ４）分泌的ＭｃＡｂ分别识别ＣＤ４分子中不同的表位，其腹水滴度较ＡＴＣＣ（ＯＫＴ４）ＭｃＡｂ腹水高约１０倍。     

抗人甲状腺球蛋白抗－抗独特型抗体（Ab_3）的诱导和鉴定

用抗人甲状腺球蛋白单克隆抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ１）免疫家兔，在诱导产生抗－ＴＧ独特型抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ２）同时，诱导产生了抗－抗独特型抗体（抗ＴＧ－Ａｈ３）。其特异性经间接ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＴＧ中和抑制试验和抗ＴＧ－Ａｂ２阻断抑制试验证实。     

抗Thy—1单克隆抗体的免疫抑制作用

从体内，体外研究了抗Ｔｈｙ－１单克隆抗体（Ｍｃ－Ａｂ）的免疫抑制作用，结果表明：（１）体外抗Ｔｈｙ－１ＭｃＡｂ在补体参与下能够杀伤小鼠胸腺细胞，无补体时能抑制ＣｏｎＡ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应；（２）在体内，可以抑制小鼠脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ和ＰＨＡ诱导的Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖，但不影响ＬＰＳ诱导的Ｂ淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果说明：抗Ｔｈｙ－１ＭｃＡｂ的免疫抑制使用可能包括补体依赖性细胞毒作用和通过Ｔｈｙ－１分子 地     

肾综合征出血热病毒结构蛋白在患者尿中融合细胞上的表达及其意义

为了探讨汉坦病毒（ＨＶ）结构蛋白与患者尿融合细胞的关系，采用抗ＨＶ包膜结构蛋白Ｇ２的单克隆抗体ＭｃＡｂ－ＬＶ４８Ａ，抗ＨＶ血凝素的ＭｃＡｂ－３Ｄ８，抗ＨＶ核衣壳蛋白的ＭｃＡｂ－Ａ３５等，分别对３０例肾综合征出血热患者尿液中的融合细胞进行免疫酶染色。结果ＭｃＡｂ－ＬＶ４８Ａ阳性率为７０％（２１／３０）；ＭｃＡｂ－３Ｄ８阳性率为７３％（２２／３０）；ＭｃＡｂ－Ａ３５阳性率为７％（２／３０）。该结果提示，患者尿液中的融合细胞的形成与ＨＶ膜结构蛋白在泌尿系统上皮细胞上的表达有密切关系。     

用一种新的免疫方法制备抗NPY单克隆抗体

本文报道了在８淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术中采用脾内微量免疫及腹腔植入联合免疫方法获得了两株分泌抗神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的杂交瘤细胞系，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定腹水ＭｃＡｂ的效价为１０￣（－３）～１０￣（－５）。ＥＬＩＳＡ交叉试验结果表明，该ＭｃＡｂ不与ＡＣＴＨ反应，两种ＭｃＡｂ的亲和常数（Ｋａ）各为１×１０￣９Ｍ￣（－１）和５×１０￣７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ￣（－１），抗原决定簇分析结果表明此两种ＭｃＡｂ针对不同抗原决定簇。     

肿瘤碱性蛋白单克隆抗体免疫学特性的研究及其应用

应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术，建立了４株抗人血清肿瘤碱性蛋白（Ｔｕｍｏｕｒｂａｓｉｃｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎ，ＴＢＰ）杂交瘤细胞株（１Ｃ３、４Ｆ４、５Ｆ４、３Ｇ９），并以制备的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）对其抗原决定簇及免疫学特性进行了分析。Ｉｇ亚类测定：均为ＩｇＧ２ａ，腹水效价为１×１０－６～１×１０－８。特异性测定：ＴＢＰＭｃＡｂ与ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ和Ａｌｂ无交叉反应。单抗相加试验证实：５Ｆ４、４Ｆ４和１Ｃ３为识别ＴＢＰ上同一抗原决定簇，３Ｇ９则为识别ＴＢＰ上另一抗原决定簇。分别利用单株和混合株ＭｃＡｂ标酶建立了可应用于人血清ＴＢＰ含量测定的ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法，并用于人血清ＴＢＰ含量测定。     

武汉(Wu)系列抗人T细胞及其亚群单抗

本文报告了Wu系列抗人T及其亚群单抗按国际第三次人白细胞分化抗原专题讨论会要求进行检定的结果。这是国内第一套较全的OKT样系列单抗,即WuTl(OKTl,CD5);WuT3(OKT3,CD3);WuT4(OKT4,CD4);WuT6(OKT6,CDla);WuT8(OKT2,CD8);WuT9(OKT9,抗转铁蛋白受体,抗TfR;WuT10(OKT10,CD38);WuT11(OKTkk,CD2)及WuTac(Tac,CD25)。     

Suppressive influence of surgical stress on the graft-versus-host reaction in mice

The influence of surgical stress on the local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in F1 mice was studied. Skin incision 1 day prior to injection of parental spleen cells produced impairment of popliteal lymph node enlargement; however, this effect was not observed when GVHR was induced 3 and 5 days after operation. Strong GVHR suppressive activity of spleen cells was observed three hours after leg amputation before a decrease in thymus weight became evident. The GVHR suppressive activity declined by six hours later, but a second peak of 60% inhibition was observed after 24 h. This suppressive activity completely disappeared by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement. This shows that the GVHR is suppressed by surgical stress, and that this suppression is due to suppressor T lymphocytes.     

Development of the graft versus host reaction and its effect on pregnancy in mice after heparin administration

The effect of heparin on the graft versus host reaction (GVHR) was studied in mice and the character of development of pregnancy in females surviving after the GVHR was noted. Preliminary injection of heparin into the recipients prevented their death from the GVHR or lengthened their life span. After injection of heparin into the donors or its addition to the transplanted cells, the GVHR was intensified. In mice surviving after the GVHR as a result of heparin administration, in 60–100% of cases abortion or intrauterine death of the fetus was observed during pregnancy (3–6 months after transplantation of the cells). When these females were again mated pathological pregnancies were observed less frequently, but some of the prog eny developed runt disease. No such disturbances of pregnancy were observed in mice receiving heparin alone or surviving after transplantation of lymphocytes alone. Pregnancy enhanced the GVHR induced previously in females after injection of heparin.Department of Microbiology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 312–315, March, 1977.     

Antibodies to IFN-gamma prevent immunologically mediated intestinal damage in murine graft-versus-host reaction.

We have tested the hypothesis that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plays a role in the enteropathy of graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) by treating host mice with a monoclonal antibody directed at this mediator. Two models of GVHR were examined. In the mild proliferative GVHR, which occurs in adult unirradiated (CBA x BALB/c)F1 mice given parental spleen cells, anti-IFN-gamma slightly inhibited the development of splenomegaly and the activation of natural killer (NK) cells in GVHR. Anti-IFN-gamma had no effect on splenomegaly or generation of anti-host cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) during the more severe GVHR in adult BDF hosts, but inhibited the weight loss and mortality normally found in this GVHR. Despite these variable effects on systemic GVHR, anti-IFN-gamma treatment abolished the crypt hyperplasia and increased counts of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) normally found in the jejunum of (CBA X BALB/c)F1 mice with GVHR. In parallel, anti-IFN-gamma-treated BDF1 mice with GVHR did not develop the villus atrophy and intense crypt hyperplasia found in untreated GVHR hosts. These results support the view that IFN-gamma is essential for the development of enteropathy in GVHR and we propose that this mediator may also be involved in the pathogenesis of clinical enteropathies in man.     

Assessment of the functional activity of human lymphocytes in malignant disease by the local graft-versus-host reaction in rats and the T rosette-forming cell test.

The local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and the spontaneous rosette-forming cell (RFC) test were used to test the functional activity of lymphocytes in blood obtained from twenty normal donors and thirty patients with malignant tumours. The lymphocytes of all twenty control donors gave a positive GVHR and had normal RFC values. In twenty-two of the thirty patients with malignancies the GVHR was negative; of these, only five had low RFC values. In the remaining eight patients the GVHR was positive and RFC values were normal. It is concluded that the local GVHR constitutes a sensitive test for measurement of the functional activity of lymphocytes, while the RFC test can only be used as a quantitative test.     

Histopathologic sequence of events in adult mice undergoing lethal graft-versus-host reaction developed across H-2 and/or non-H-2 histocompatibility barriers.

The sequence of histologic events in graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) caused by major and/or minor histoincompatibilities was studied. It was discovered that GVHR may manifest itself in the form of two distinct multiphasic disease entities, depending on whether the donor cells are incompatible with the host for both major and minor histocompatibility antigens ("major GVHR") or for minor histocompatibility antigens alone ("minor GVHR"). The acute or major GVHR has four phases: 1) a transient phase of aplasia, 2) a repopulation phase, 3) a proliferative phase involving lymphoid, presumably immunocompetent, cells, and 4) a phase of acute organ rejection (terminal). The chronic or minor GVHR is characterized by six phases, namely: 1) a transient phase of aplasia, 2) a repopulation phase, 3) a phase of proliferation and tissue infiltration by lymphoid, presumably immunocompetent cells, 4) a phase of major immunologic injuries, 5) a phase of repair, and 6)a terminal phase with advanced sclerosis and proliferative glomerulonephritis. In acute or major GVHR the disease was manifested by the tissue reactions characteristic of acute organ rejection. Lesions were seen in the kidney, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, intestine, and skin. In the chronic or minor GVHR, tissue injuries were more widespread, affecting the collagen, vessel walls, adipose tissue, renal glomeruli, heart muscle, fascias of skeletal muscles, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, intestine, skin, esophageal mucosa, and urinary tract. A pronounced plasma cell proliferation was a striking feature in the minor GVHR. Its evolution coincided with advanced thymic epithelial atrophy. It is suggested that the destruction of thymic epithelium resulted in depletion of suppressor T cells and, consequently, in an unopposed proliferation of plasma cells.     

Avian thymic hormone treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young chicks stimulates acute graft-versus-host reaction in chicken embryos

Avian thymic hormone (ATH) is a parvalbumin produced by epithelial cells in the thymic cortex of chickens and circulates in the blood on a 5-day cycle. It stimulates precocious development of cell-mediated immunity. The effect of partially purified extracts of thymus (TE) and purified ATH were tested for their effect on the acute graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Treatment of chicks for their first 3-days of life did not enhance the acute GVHR produced by their PBMC in 14-day-old embryos. PBMC from 3-day-old chicks were treated in vitro with TE, ATH, thymosin fraction 5 or thymosin alpha1 for 2 h and injected into 14-day-old embryos. Bone marrow cells and thymic lymphocytes were treated with TE. Only PBMC treated with TE or ATH produced an enhanced acute GVHR. Because ATH targets gammadelta T cells, the data implicate participation of donor gammadelta T cells in the acute GVHR.     

抗人CD3单链抗体的构建、表达及纯化

采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)从鼠抗人CD3杂交瘤细胞WuT3中扩增克隆出抗体重、轻链可变区基因,测序结果证实:V_H属鼠抗体重链可变区亚组Ⅱ(β)、V_L属鼠抗体Kappa轻链可变区亚组Ⅵ.将V_H、V_L基因片段克隆到单链抗体表达载体POPE51中,使V_H、V_L基因片段分别直接与一多肽连接子的两端相连,构建成单链抗体(ScFv)基因.克隆筛选证明,阳性克隆近100%.细菌用20μmol/L IPTG诱导培养,经固定金属离子亲和层析和分子筛凝胶过滤,从细胞间质中提取纯化ScFv,每升培养液可获得5mg纯度大于90%的ScFv.FACS活性检测结果表明,纯化的WuT3 ScFv与亲代结果一致.     

Effects of in-vivo administration of a monoclonal antibody specific for the interleukin-2 receptor on the acute graft-versus-host reaction in mice.

Parental strain T lymphocyte injected into F1 mice respond to allogeneic MHC antigens and so induce the symptoms of a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). We have measured the local GVHR by the popliteal lymph node assay, and showed the suppression of the local GVHR in mice by treatment with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) AMT-13 which is specific against the interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor on activated mouse lymphocytes. The inhibitory effect of the AMT-13 administration was comparable with the suppression of the local GVHR by treatment with L3T4, an MoAb directed against the T helper subset. The L3T4 administration caused a dramatic decrease in the proportion of the cells with the L3T4 phenotype in the circulation and a marginal reduction of these cells in the lymph nodes. In contrast, the AMT-13 treated mice showed no changes in the distribution of the T lymphocyte subsets besides those in the GVHR-stimulated lymph nodes. Obviously, only the small subset of antigen-activated IL-2 receptor-bearing lymphocytes was influenced by treatment with AMT-13. MoAb directed against antigens whose expression is restricted to activated lymphocytes, such as the IL-2 receptor, might become useful for a short term immunosuppression with limited side effects.