Outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation of primary and revision total hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of patients who have gone to inpatient rehabilitation after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and revision THA. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative study. SETTING: Fifty-bed freestanding, university-affiliated rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fifty-five male and female primary THA patients and 147 male and female revision THA patients. INTERVENTION: Interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay (LOS), FIM instrument score and FIM motor score components, hospital charges, and discharge disposition location. RESULTS: FIM scores improved from admission to discharge by 29.7 and 27.9 points for the primary THA and revision THA groups, respectively (P<.05). LOS was shorter for primary THA patients compared with revision THA patients (10.0d vs 11.5d, P<.05). FIM efficiency (DeltaFIM/LOS) was greater for primary THA compared with revision THA (3.4 and 2.7 points/day, P<.05). Total rehabilitation hospital charges were 11,421 US dollars and 13,707 US dollars for the primary and revision THA groups, respectively, with the mechanical and infection revision THAs incurring the greatest charges (14,596 US dollars and 15,386 US dollars, respectively; P<.001). Compared with primary THA, revision THA patients were twice as likely to be discharged to locations other than home. CONCLUSIONS: FIM score improvement was lower and LOS and hospital charges were greater in revision THA than in primary THA after rehabilitation. Infection revision THA patients gained less functional independence and were discharged home less often than mechanical or pain revision THA patients; finally, infection and mechanical revision THA accrued the highest hospital charges.     

Sex and age effects on outcomes of total hip arthroplasty after inpatient rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively examine the effects of sex and age on the inpatient rehabilitation outcomes of patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). DESIGN: Exploratory, retrospective study. SETTING: A university-affiliated rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Male and female THA patients (N=332) were stratified into age brackets (<65y, 65-84y, >or=85y). All patients completed interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay (LOS), FIM instrument scores, FIM efficiency (FIM/LOS), hospital costs, and discharge disposition location were collected by chart review. RESULTS: Regardless of age, women had lower FIM scores at admission and discharge than men (P<.05). FIM efficiency was 22% to 53% lower for women in primary THA and 16% to 85% lower in revision THA than men (P=.001). Women accrued higher total hospital charges than men (13,099 dollars vs 11,141 dollars; P<.05), and were discharged home less frequently than men (84.4% vs 90.9%; P<.05). Admission FIM scores were 10.6% and 8.9% lower and discharge FIM scores were 7.3% and 9.2% lower in patients 85 years or older than those less than 65 or 65 to 84 years (P<.01). FIM efficiency was 25% to 38% higher in patients less than 85 years than those 85 years and older (P=.015), and 37% higher in men than women (P=.001). Patients 85 years and older were discharged less frequently to home than patients less than 85 years (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: All patients made functional improvement after inpatient rehabilitation, but women and patients 85 years and older had longer LOS and lower FIM efficiency, incurred greater hospital charges, and were less likely to be discharged to home than men and younger counterparts.     

人工膝关节置换与围手术期系统康复

目的:探讨围手术期系统康复对人工膝关节置换术后效果的影响.方法:收集中国期刊全文数据库1996-01/2006-12及PUBMED1996-01/2006-12有关人工膝关节置换围手术期系统康复的文献,对系统关节功能训练方法及其对人工膝关节置换手术效果的影响进行综合分析.结果:术前教育、关节活动度训练、肌力训练、本体感觉训练及行走步态训练是人工膝关节置换术围手术期系统康复的最重要的内容.人工膝关节置换术患者经过系统规范的围手术期康复治疗:其术后膝关节的关节活动度、下肢肌肉力量、行走时的步态及本体感觉等诸多方面均能够在短时间内恢复正常.结论:人工膝关节置换围手术期系统康复治疗对于手术后的临床效果至关重要,是术后膝关节功能达到预期效果的重要措施.     

Influence of admission hematocrit on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes after total knee and hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To examine admission hematocrit (Hct) status on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes after total knee (TKA) and hip arthroplasty (THA). DESIGN: This study was a retrospective, exploratory analysis. Patients (n = 400) were stratified by admission hematocrit levels: normal (Hct >or=36-41%, World Health Organization criteria for normal Hct in women and men), low (Hct between the operational 30% cutoff and 36-41%), and very low (Hct <30%). Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores and specific lower-body FIM motor scores, FIM efficiency, length of stay (LOS), and total hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS: Regardless of arthroplasty joint, all improved total FIM score, motor FIM score, and specific lower-body activity FIM scores (walking, wheelchair, dressing, transfers, stairs) by discharge (all P < 0.05). LOS was 28.9-31% longer in the TKA-very low Hct and THA-very low Hct groups than in the normal Hct groups (P = 0.026). Total hospital charges were 32.6-45.6% higher in the TKA-very low Hct and THA-very low Hct groups than in the normal Hct groups (P < 0.05). Hct was a significant contributor to the variance of linear regression models for LOS and total charges (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although very low Hct at admission does not impede functional gains, it is related to longer LOS and greater hospital charges. Rehabilitation teams should consider this when preparing plans of care, rehabilitation goals, and plans for discharge.     

Effect of obesity on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty

OBJECTIVES: To examine obesity effects on outcomes following inpatient rehabilitation in patients following primary total knee arthroplasty or revision total knee arthroplasty. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative study. SETTING: Fifty-bed, university-affiliated rehabilitation hospital. PATIENTS: Obese (N = 139; body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) and non-obese (N = 146; body mass indexB <30 kg/m(2)) total knee arthroplasty patients. Participants were further stratified based on total knee arthroplasty type, primary and revision for a total of four groups. INTERVENTION: Interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation. MAIN MEASURES: Range of motion, length of stay, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, FIM efficiency scores, total and daily hospital charges, and discharge disposition location. RESULTS: Range of motion and FIM scores improved from admission to discharge in both obese and non-obese patients regardless of total knee arthroplasty type. FIM efficiency was lower in revision than primary total knee arthroplasty (2.8 versus 3.6 patients/day; P < 0.005) but not different between obese and non-obese groups. Total hospital charges were lower for the primary than for the revision patients (P < 0.05), but were directly related with body mass index (r = 0.140, P < 0.05). Discharge disposition locations were not different among groups. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation teams can expect comparable gains between obese and non-obese patients following total knee arthroplasty, but at a greater expense.     

Effects of obesity on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty

Objective

To investigate the effects of obesity on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty.

Participants

Two hundred and thirty-nine total knee arthroplasty patients (12 men and 227 women).

Interventions

Patients were divided in two groups (non-obese and obese) according to pre-operative body mass index (BMI). After surgery, all patients received standard post-operative treatment from a physiotherapist, including continuous passive motion, active-assistive and active range of motion exercises, isometric and isotonic strengthening exercises, gait training and transfer training.

Main outcome measures

Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and at discharge using BMI, knee function score [Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score], pain and range of motion of knee flexion. Functional activities were evaluated using the Iowa Level of Assistance Scale, and walking speed was evaluated using the Iowa Ambulation Velocity Scale.

Results

There were no statistically or clinically significant differences between the two groups of patients at discharge, with obese patients recording a mean HSS score of 62.6 points (95% confidence interval 61.3 to 63.9) and non-obese patients recording a mean HSS score of 62.6 (95% confidence interval 61.6 to 63.7, P = 0.950). Both groups improved in all parameters at the time of discharge compared with pre-operative values, with the exception of walking speed and the range of knee flexion. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay between obese (median 9 days, interquartile range 4-22) and non-obese (median 9 days, interquartile range 4-23) patients.

Conclusions

Obesity had no negative effects on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty. This finding is significant given implementation of the prospective payment system in rehabilitation hospitals in parts of Turkey, and the effect that this will have on length of hospital stay for patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty.     

Postoperative treatment and rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty

Total arthroplasty is the primary surgical method used in patients with extensive deformations of the knee joint in the course of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Good outcome after arthroplasty depends on the proper identification of indications, good surgical technique, and the proper postoperative treatment and rehabilitation. In postoperative treatment appropriate conditions should be provided for healing of the damaged tissues and prevention of early and late complications. The aim of rehabilitation is to restore mobility in the highest possible range and full muscular control of the operated knee, i.e. to rebuild correct static and dynamic function of the joint and the entire lower limb. This study present a model of postoperative management and rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty based on current literature and clinical experience from 597 arthroplasties performed in 530 patients between the years 1995 and 2002.     

非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术患者的早期康复

目的：比较早期负重和晚期负重对非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后患者功能恢复和生存质量的影响.方法：共收集患者30例（32髋）,分为早期负重组（治疗组）和晚期负重组（对照组）,除术后负重方法不同外,均予系统的早期康复治疗.术前、术后12周内进行临床和放射学的评定和比较.结果：术后12周,早期负重组患者能够更早地获得独立步行的能力（P＜0.001）,Harris评分和WOMAC评分改善更明显（P＜0.001）;SF-36量表的评分中,早期负重组患者的生理职能、生理机能,以及社会功能评分更高（P＜0.001）.术后12周,放射学检查结果初步表明早期负重并未导致假体固定失败.结论：术后12周,早期负重组患者功能改善更明显,更快地获得独立的日常生活和社会活动能力,生存质量更高.早期负重的康复治疗,必须在一定条件下进行.     

全膝关节置换术后患者无监督居家康复锻炼的最佳证据总结

目的 总结全膝关节置换术后患者无监督居家康复锻炼的相关证据。方法 使用计算机系统检索国内外相关指南网站、专业协会网站及PubMed、Cochrane library 、Embase、中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库中关于全膝关节置换术后无监督居家康复锻炼的相关文献，类型包括指南、临床决策、系统评价及随机对照试验，检索时限为2012年1月1日—2022年6月30日。由3名研究者独立评估文献质量，提取证据。结果 共纳入文献23篇，包括指南4篇、临床决策1篇、系统评价5篇、随机对照试验13篇。无监督居家康复锻炼证据主要涵盖适用人群、康复目标、锻炼内容、锻炼时长及强度、锻炼原则、安全保障及效果评定7个维度，进行证据合并，最终形成25条最佳证据。结论 总结的全膝关节置换术后患者无监督居家康复锻炼的最佳证据，可为患者术后康复锻炼健康教育与运动方案的制定提供循证依据。     

同时双侧全膝表面置换与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复的比较

背景：目前对于双膝严重骨性关节炎行两组同时双侧全膝表面置换的围手术期康复的相关研究尚不多见。目的：比较双膝骨性关节炎两组同时双侧全膝表面置换术与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复训练的效果。方法：两组医生对59例（118膝）患者双膝骨性关节炎同台同时全膝表面置换,与同期80例单膝骨性关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换患者（对照组）进行疗效比较。两组患者置换前均进行康复教育及预备康复,置换后康复方法标准一致。结果与结论：同时双侧全膝表面置换组置换前通过压腿平均减小屈曲畸形角度11.2°（5°～22°）。置换后3～6周,股四头肌、腘绳肌肌力5级,较置换前平均增加0.8级;平均ROM≥95°（110±15）°;无痛行走500m以上;独自无痛上下10级楼梯,无肿胀;出院时HSS评分较置换前增加。置换后3个月没有发现松动表现及不良反应,其康复疗效与对照组对比差异无显著性意义。表明,在围手术期对双膝骨性关节炎两组医生行同时双侧全膝表面置换,通过系统而量化的康复,有利于减少置换中截骨量和置换后并发症,促进患者膝关节功能恢复,与单侧全膝关节置换相比康复结果无明显差异。     

同时双侧全膝表面置换与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复的比较

背景:目前对于双膝严重骨性关节炎行两组同时双侧全膝表面置换的围手术期康复的相关研究尚不多见。目的:比较双膝骨性关节炎两组同时双侧全膝表面置换术与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复训练的效果。方法:两组医生对59例(118膝)患者双膝骨性关节炎同台同时全膝表面置换,与同期80例单膝骨性关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换患者(对照组)进行疗效比较。两组患者置换前均进行康复教育及预备康复,置换后康复方法标准一致。结果与结论:同时双侧全膝表面置换组置换前通过压腿平均减小屈曲畸形角度11.2°(5°～22°)。置换后3～6周,股四头肌、腘绳肌肌力5级,较置换前平均增加0.8级;平均ROM≥95°(110±15)°;无痛行走500m以上;独自无痛上下10级楼梯,无肿胀;出院时HSS评分较置换前增加。置换后3个月没有发现松动表现及不良反应,其康复疗效与对照组对比差异无显著性意义。表明,在围手术期对双膝骨性关节炎两组医生行同时双侧全膝表面置换,通过系统而量化的康复,有利于减少置换中截骨量和置换后并发症,促进患者膝关节功能恢复,与单侧全膝关节置换相比康复结果无明显差异。     

康复训练在人工全膝关节置换术中的作用

目的探讨早期进行康复训练对人工全膝关节置换术后功能恢复的作用.方法通过对18例患者(25膝)人工全膝关节置换术前膝关节功能与术后康复训练25 d后膝关节评分标准(HSS-KS)结果进行统计学分析.结果全膝关节置换术后进行早期康复训练组膝关节功能较术前有明显改善,HSS-KS评分结果,术前为39.37±6.32;术后为77.36±12.68,P＜0.01.结论早期进行康复训练对人工全膝关节置换术后功能恢复具有重要意义.     

Improved satisfaction during inpatient rehabilitation after hip and knee arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To increase patient satisfaction by 25% and decrease length of stay by 1 day while maintaining current levels of functional change. DESIGN: This trial was performed in a university medical center's acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital and included 46 consecutive subjects who had a total hip or total knee arthroplasty that required acute inpatient rehabilitation. A common documentation system was adapted for physical therapists in the acute-care hospital and rehabilitation setting. A consistent team of physical therapists and rehabilitation nurses, whose treatment focus was joint-replacement patients, was assembled. An enhanced written and verbal patient information and orientation system was implemented. Satisfaction rate and length of stay were determined, and functional change was calculated by use of the FIM instrument. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction increased from a baseline of 77% to 92%. The decrease in average length of stay was not found to be significantly different. Levels of functional change from admission to discharge decreased and was found to be significant. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction can be increased during inpatient rehabilitation after total hip and total knee arthroplasty even while the functional change from admission to discharge decreases. The implementation of a common documentation system, consistent staff, and enhanced patient orientation may be the reason for this increase in satisfaction rate, but is difficult to conclude because of the design of the study.     

疼痛控制对人工全膝关节置换术后患者早期康复效果的影响

目的观察不同镇痛方法对人工全膝关节置换术后患者早期康复效果的影响。方法选择84例行单侧人工全膝关节置换的患者,随机分为2组。观察组采用多模式镇痛方法,对照组术后应用硬膜外自控镇痛泵。两组术后均进行康复锻炼。观察两组患者术后不同时间点的疼痛程度、康复计划的完成情况、膝关节功能恢复情况及患者对于康复情况的满意度。结果两组比较,观察组术后各时间点静息状态的疼痛视觉模拟评分及术后24h、48h、72h膝关节活动时的疼痛视觉模拟评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组术后24h、48h、72h、1周、2周、4周膝关节的活动度明显高于对照组(P0.01)。观察组术后4周康复方案的完成情况显著优于对照组(P0.05),患者对于康复效果的满意度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论多模式镇痛方法应用于人工全膝关节置换围术期疼痛的镇痛效果满意,能够促进术后康复计划的顺利实施。     

膝关节置换术后不同康复方法的效果研究

人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)是晚期膝关节疾病病人解决病痛的一项新技术,术后优良率较高,能有效地解除疼痛、纠正重度屈膝畸形、改善关节功能。全膝关节置换术后常出现关节腔出血,造成肢体尤其是膝关节肿胀、疼痛,进而使膝关节粘连挛缩,丧失部分功能。然而,目前的康复训练尚不够系统和科     

全膝关节表面置换早期推拿的疗效评价

背景：研究推拿对类风湿性关节炎患者全膝关节表面置换后康复的疗效、探求推拿康复治疗的机制。目的：观察类风湿性关节炎患者全膝关节表面置换后早期推拿综合康复的临床疗效,为优选康复方案提供参考。方法：将66例接受全膝关节表面置换的类风湿性关节炎患者以1：1的比例分为对照组和推拿组,每组33例,置换后对照组行持续被动运动训练,推拿组行持续被动运动结合推拿康复。通过HSS评分、SF-36健康问卷评分观察推拿综合康复方法对患者疗效的影响。结果与结论：置换后3个月HSS评分组问比较：功能（P=0．020）、肌力（P=0．002）、稳定性（P=O．011）和总分（P=O．019）,均显著提高,与治疗前比较差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。置换后3个月SF-36评分组间比较：精神健康（P=0．003）、总体健康（P=0．008）评分均显著提高,与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义（P〈O．05）。说明推拿早期干预可促进类风湿性关节炎患者全膝关节表面置换后的功能恢复、改善了置换后膝关节的肌力、增加了膝关节稳定性、提高了精神健康和总体健康水平。     

早期渐进式功能锻炼对髋关节置换术后患者康复的影响

目的:探讨早期渐进式功能锻炼对人工髋关节置换术后患者康复的影响。方法:选择人工髋关节置换术患者98例,随机分为观察组51例和对照组47例。观察组除行常规护理外,同时实施系统、规范的早期渐进式功能锻炼;对照组则按人工髋关节置换术常规护理进行自我锻炼。比较两组患者监护时间、住院天数、术后并发症、术后20 d人工髋关节Harris评分。结果:两组患者监护时间、住院天数、术后并发症及术后20 d人工髋关节Harris的各项评分比较均有显著性差异(P(0.01)。观察组患者的临床疗效明显优于对照组(P(0.01)。结论:早期渐进式功能锻炼能缩短监护时间和住院天数,有效降低术后并发症的发生,促进术后髋关节功能康复,提高患者早期生活质量,有助于构建和谐护患关系。     

Active physiotherapy interventions following total knee arthroplasty in the hospital and inpatient rehabilitation settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Physiotherapy is a routine component of postoperative management following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As the demand for surgery increases it is vital that postoperative physiotherapy interventions are effective and efficient.

全膝关节置换术恐动症患者术后早期功能锻炼体验的质性研究

目的了解全膝关节置换术恐动症患者术后早期功能锻炼的真实体验。方法采用目的抽样法,对14例全膝关节置换术恐动症患者进行半结构式访谈,并采用Braun主题分析法对访谈资料进行分析、归纳及提炼主题。结果全膝关节置换术恐动症患者术后早期功能锻炼的体验可归纳为4个主题:疼痛恐惧(疼痛敏感度增强,将疼痛视作威胁);对早期功能锻炼效果的不确定感(担心关节假体脱落,质疑早期功能锻炼效果,低效型运动状态);压力较大(经济压力、心理压力)以及支持系统薄弱(缺少家庭支持,缺乏专业技术支持,渴望社会支持)。结论全膝关节置换术恐动症患者疼痛较为明显,对术后早期功能锻炼的积极性不高,且承受较大的心理压力,临床医护人员应重视其运动体验,给予必要的社会支持。     

Physical training in rehabilitation programs before and after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: A review of the literature to investigate physical training in rehabilitation programs before and after hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We performed a literature search of the MedLINE and Cochrane databases since 1966 to 2006 using 8 keywords for articles of literature reviews or randomized controlled trials investigating physical training before and after hip and knee arthroplasty. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The search resulted in 14 articles: 2 reviews of the literature and 7 articles of studies concerning total hip arthroplasty and 5 knee arthroplasty. Results were difficult to analyze because of the low number of patients included, a high number of dropouts, no matched control populations, different physical training protocols, and the use of functional scores or inadequate parameters. We found no randomized controlled trial concerning physical training after knee arthroplasty. CONCLUSION: Physical training does not seem benefit patients before hip or knee arthroplasty. However, the training may have benefit immediately after, and particularly well after, total hip arthroplasty.