Intertrochanteric osteotomy for non-union of the femoral neck

We report a series of 50 patients under 70 years of age who had an ununited femoral neck fracture treated by a Pauwels abduction osteotomy. At an average follow-up of 7.1 years, seven patients had required prosthetic replacement and 37 others were reviewed in detail. In these patients the Harris hip score averaged 91. Twenty-two hips showed radiographic evidence of avascular femoral head necrosis, but only three of these had been replaced. For active patients with non-union of a femoral neck fracture, Pauwels osteotomy provides a high proportion of good results even in the presence of avascular necrosis of the head, providing there has been no collapse. If osteotomy fails, prosthetic replacement is still possible.     

Valgus osteotomy in delayed presentation of femoral neck fractures using fixed angle simple dynamic hip screw and plate

Purpose

Reduction and fixation in femoral neck fracture in young patients have a problem of nonunion requiring additional procedure like valgus osteotomy but fixation devices are technically difficult for inexperienced surgeons. We aims to assess the results of valgus osteotomy in femoral neck fracture in our setup.

空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折的比较

[目的]比较多枚空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉(DHS,Dynamic Hip screw)内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。[方法]2013年2月~2016年3月共收治67例股骨颈新鲜骨折患者,58例获得随访。其中男24例,女34例;年龄22~65岁,平均43.2岁。多枚空心螺钉固定35例,DHS固定23例。根据骨折Garden分型,其中空心钉组GardenⅠ型9例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型10例,Ⅳ型4例;DHS组Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型6例。记录手术时间,术中出血量,输血情况,二次手术,并发症发生率,髋关节功能Harris评分。[结果]平均随访25.6个月,两组术后切口均一期愈合。手术时间空心钉组平均(39.57±12.96)min,DHS组平均(48.06±13.04)min,出血量空心钉组平均(20.86±25.2)ml,DHS组平均(65.43±37.9)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。输血例数空心钉组5例,DHS组3例,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。空心钉组骨折愈合时间平均(14.11±6.34)周,DHS组(9.39±1.95)周,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访空心钉组和DHS组Harris评分分别为(91.2±11.16)分和(95.39±3.07)分,差异无统计学意义。空心钉组有3例(8.57%)股骨头缺血坏死,1例(2.86%)进行髋关节置换。DHS未发现股骨头缺血坏死病例。空心钉组18例(51.43%)存在股骨颈短缩,其中14例(40%)因螺钉突出不适要求行内固定取出;DHS组6例(26.09%)存在轻度股骨颈短缩,无因内固定物突出原因要求取出内固定者。[结论]空心钉和DHS治疗股骨颈骨折都可获得较高的骨折愈合率,DHS固定具有骨折愈合快,股骨颈短缩发生率低,再次手术率低的优点。     

DHS结合股骨颈防旋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

2003年3月-2005年12月,我科应用DHS结合股骨颈防旋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折68例,取得良好效果。     

The dynamic hip screw in fractures of the median femoral neck]

Since 1983 we have treated 19 cases of medial neck of femur fracture by using the dynamic hip screw. A follow-up of these patients has shown bad result in 12 cases. We have abandoned the indications for implantation of DHS.     

Subcapital fracture of the femoral neck following internal fixation with a dynamic hip screw

A case of subcapital femoral neck fracture following osteosynthesis of a trochanteric fracture is described. The implant used was the dynamic hip screw. This kind of fracture is very rare, and has to our knowledge never been described with the use of the dynamic hip screw.     

Intertrochanteric displacement osteotomy in the treatment of femoral neck fractures

A total of 51 patients with displaced femoral neck fractures of Garden grade III or IV was treated by intertrochanteric displacement osteotomy. Of these, 42 patients had complete follow-up and 31 fractures (73.8 per cent) united. The results were satisfactory in 66.6 per cent and poor in 33.4 per cent. The poor results were mainly due to non-union, chronic osteomyelitis and stiffness of the hip or knee. A high intertrochanteric osteotomy with adequate displacement is recommended in fresh, displaced femoral neck fractures.     

Management of femoral neck fractures with the spongiosa screw and the dynamic hip screw]

Between 1983 and 1987 419 patients with femoral neck fractures were operated on at the University Clinics of Graz. In 120 patients we could preserve the head of the femur doing an internal fixation with cancellous bone screws or DHS. 68 of them we personally could control with a mean follow up of 45.2 months. The most important complications were the necrosis of the head which were observed in 19.1% of our patients and the non union which occurred in 5.8% but not all these patients required reoperation.     

The treatment of trochanteric and femoral neck fractures using the dynamic hip screw (DHS)

Surgical Principles The goal of treating fractures in the trochanteric region is to restore the medial support in line with Shenton’s arch. The function of the compression trabeculae is insured by a screw introduced into the femoral head and neck. The shaft of the screw slides in a tunnel which forms part of the side plate. This permits early loading with impaction of the fracture without danger of the screw perforating the femoral head. The design of the screw shaft and the tunnel prevent rotation of the head fragment. This device does not function as a load-bearing but as a load-sharing implant. Load transmission occurs mostly through bone. Revised Version from: Operat. Orthop. Traumatol. 2 (1990), 203–214 (German Edition).     

Transfracture abduction osteotomy: A solution for nonunion of femoral neck fractures

Background:

Nonunion and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head remains one of the major complications following femoral neck fractures. Despite various surgical techniques and internal fixation devices, the incidence of nonunion and AVN has remained unsolved. Neglected nonunion of femoral neck fracture is common in the developing world. Treatment options include rigid internal fixation with or without bone grafting, muscle pedicle bone graft, valgus osteotomy of the proximal femur with or without bone graft, valgus osteotomy or hip arthroplasty. We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases of nonunion of femoral neck fracture treated by transfracture abduction osteotomy (TFAO).

Materials and Methods:

Over a period of 35 years (1974-2008), 30 patients with nonunion of femoral neck fractures were treated with TFAO over a period of 35 years (1974-2008), All patients were less than 50 years of age. Absence of clinical and radiological signs of union after four months was considered as nonunion. Patients more than 50 years of age were excluded from the study. Union was assessed at 6 months radiologically. Limb length was measured at six months. The mean duration of femoral neck fracture was 19 months (range 4 months 10 years). Results were analyzed in terms of radiological union at six months. Average followup was five years and six months.

Results:

Consistent union was noted at the followup after six months in 29 cases. One case was lost to followup after five and one-half months postoperatively. However, the fracture had united in this case at the last followup. Average shortening of the limb at six months was 1.9 cm. Average neck shaft angle was 127° (range 120-145°). Five cases went into AVN but were asymptomatic. Two cases required reoperation due to back out of Moore''s pins. These were reopened and cancellous screws were inserted in the same tracks.

Conclusions:

Consistent union of nonunion femoral neck fracture was noted at the followup after six months in 29 cases. The major drawback of the procedure is immobilization of the patient in the hip spica for eight weeks.     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折并发症分析

目的：分析动力髋螺钉钢板系统（dynamic hip screw,DHS）治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的并发症及其原因。方法：2002年1月至2007年12月69例股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS治疗,男27例,女42例;年龄53-96岁,平均72．9岁;按照Evans骨折分型：Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型22例,Ⅳ型16例。术前已明确诊断的各种内科系统伴随症的51例（73．9％）,观察分析其并发症的发生情况。结果：57例出院后通过门诊及电话获得随访,随访时间8-70个月,平均41个月。围手术期发生全身系统并发症17例,死亡4例;手术局部相关并发症12人18例次。其中包括滑动髋螺钉松动后退4例、拉力螺钉穿破股骨头3例、钢板断裂1例;髋内翻5例;深部组织感染再次手术取出内固定1例;伤口愈合不良2例,骨折延迟愈合2例。结论：不稳定性粗隆间骨折应用DHS内固定失败的发生率较高,不应作为治疗首选。应根据骨折分型,结合老年患者骨质疏松情况,选择适当的术式,充分重视高龄患者系统性疾病的预防和监护,可以提高股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效并减少术后并发症。     

Long-term results of total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture nonunion

BACKGROUND: Hip arthroplasty for the treatment of nonunion at the site of a femoral neck fracture has provided good short-term results. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the long-term results and complications of total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck nonunion. METHODS: The records of ninety-nine patients who had been managed with total hip arthroplasty with use of a cemented Charnley acetabular component and a cemented Charnley monoblock femoral component for the treatment of a femoral neck nonunion were retrospectively reviewed. The average age at the time of the arthroplasty was sixty-eight years. Eighty-four patients (85%) were followed until death, revision, or component removal or for at least two years (mean, 12.2 years) postoperatively. RESULTS: Twelve patients were treated with revision (eleven) or resection arthroplasty (one), eleven were lost to follow-up, and four died less than two years postoperatively. Of the remaining seventy-two unrevised hips that were followed for at least two years, sixty-nine (96%) had no or mild hip pain at the time of the last follow-up. The rate of component survival free of revision or removal for any reason was 93% at ten years and 76% at twenty years. The risk factors that were significantly associated with revision for aseptic loosening included an age of less than sixty-five years at the time of the arthroplasty (p = 0.045), a body-mass index of >/=30 (p < 0.01), and male gender (p = 0.02). The second most common complication after loosening was dislocation, which occurred in nine patients (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Total hip arthroplasty is an effective method for the treatment of nonunion of the femoral neck and provides satisfactory long-term results. However, the rate of implant survival is poorer than that reported in most other studies of Charnley total hip arthroplasty in the general population.     

Surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures with associated femoral neck fractures using a sliding hip screw

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to report the results of surgical treatment of a subset of intertrochanteric fractures with posteromedial comminution and extension of the fracture line into the femoral neck using a sliding hip screw. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Level I county trauma center. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine fractures (8%) with this pattern were identified from 381 intertrochanteric hip fractures treated at a single institution over a 10-year period. Nine patients were excluded (2 died, 7 had incomplete radiographic follow-up), leaving 20 patients for assessment. INTERVENTION: All fractures were treated with a sliding hip screw. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Radiographs at a mean follow-up of 17 months were recorded as demonstrating: 1) fixation failure; 2) fracture union; or 3) fracture nonunion. The tip-apex distance, amount of lag screw collapse, screw position in the femoral head, and adequacy of reduction were determined. RESULTS: Treatment failed according to these radiographic measures in 5 of 20 (25%) fractures. Failures included fracture nonunion (1 case), lag screw cutout (2 cases), and combined nonunion/lag screw cutout (2 cases). All 5 failures had complete collapse of the lag screw, whereas 4 of the 15 successfully treated fractures had complete collapse. The amount of collapse was significantly greater for the treatment failures (mean, 38 mm) than in the successfully treated hips (mean, 20 mm). There was no significant association between treatment success or failure and tip-apex distance, lag screw position, and adequacy of reduction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that intertrochanteric hip fractures with associated femoral neck fractures should not be managed with a standard sliding hip screw.     

Observer assessment of femoral neck radiographs after reduction and dynamic hip screw fixation

Introduction It is not known how the described methods of reduction and dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures translate into proper assessment of the postoperative radiographs. At teaching or evaluation sessions in daily practice, frequent discussion arises about postoperative technical assessment. The assessment of correct reduction and DHS fixation using the described methods in the literature may be subject to differences between observers. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of inter- and intraobserver agreement on technique, based on the methods in the literature, in a simulated daily practice setting. Materials and methods The postoperative anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of 35 randomly selected patients aged 60–90 years were rated twice, 2 months apart, by six surgical observers from three institutions with similar views on reduction and DHS fixation for this fracture type. The radiographs were of sufficient quality for proper assessment. Criteria for reduction and fixation could be rated as either adequate or inadequate. An adequate rating was assigned if in the observers opinion, regardless of likely outcome, technical perfection according to the described methods had been achieved. The kappa statistic was calculated as a measure of agreement.Results Fracture reduction on the AP view approached a good kappa value (0.54). Poor to moderate interobserver agreement was found for fracture reduction on the lateral view and aspects of DHS fixation (kappa 0.10–0.36). Intraobserver agreement was good for five out of six observers for reduction and DHS fixation aspects (kappa 0.51–0.81).Conclusion During routine practice six surgical observers can nearly agree on adequate fracture reduction on the AP view, but do not agree on adequate reduction on the lateral view and adequate DHS fixation on the postoperative radiographs of displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures.     

Management of hip fractures using a dynamic hip screw

Authors describe the history of the dynamic hip screw and analyse the hip fracture. The operative technique of the DHS is described in details. In an analysis of the material of the Wilhelminenspital it is stressed that in the last years the DHS became dominant in the treatment of hip fractures. The treatment of four different types of fractures with DHS is demonstrated. The method is compared with other methods suitable for the treatment of hip fractures and it is stated that the less complications can be expected from the use of the DHS. On the basis of this comparison it is shown that the DHS is worthy to occupy a decisive place in the treatment of hip fractures.     

动力髋螺钉加防旋螺钉与3枚空心螺钉治疗股骨颈粉碎性骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较3枚空心螺钉与动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)加防旋螺钉治疗股骨颈粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.方法:自2008年1 月至 2012年12月,治疗股骨颈粉碎性骨折67例,根据不同内固定方式分为两组,其中36例采用DHS加防旋螺钉固定治疗(DHS组),男24例,女 12 例,年 龄22~58岁,平均43.7岁;31例采用3枚空心螺钉固定治疗(空心钉组),男22例,女9例,年 龄24~56岁,平均43.0岁.观察并比较两组患者切口大小、手术时间、术中出血量、输血率、术后住院时间、下地行走与患肢负重时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率,采用髋关节Harris 评分对两组患者的功能进行比较.结果:两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血率及术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).切口长度:DHS组(5.00±0.86) cm,空心钉组(3.30±0.57) cm,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).所有患者获1年以上随访,两组随访时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后下地行走时间:DHS组为(19.0±3.5) d,空心钉组为(37.0±6.3) d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).患肢部分负重时间和完全负重时间:DHS组分别为术后(23.0±7.0) d、(138.0±13.0) d,空心钉组分别为术后(38.0±5.7) d、(164.0±12.0) d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).骨折愈合时间:DHS组为(151±11) d,空心钉组为(162±11) d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).末次随访时髋关节Harris 评分:DHS组为(91.0±5.7)分;空心钉组为(85.0±12.0)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对于股骨颈粉碎性骨折的治疗,DHS 联合防旋螺钉优于3枚空心螺钉固定,具有术后患肢负重更早,骨折愈合更快,髋关节功能更好的优点.     

PFNA和DHS固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的比较

[目的]比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。[方法] 2014年7月~2018年7月我院收治的股骨粗隆间骨折患者100例,根据随机数字表法将其分为PFNA组和DHS组各50例,PFNA组采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗,DHS组采用动力髋螺钉内固定治疗,比较2组临床资料。[结果]两组患者手术均顺利完成,术中未发血管、神经损伤等并发症。PFNA组在切口长度、手术时间、术中透视时间、术中出血量、下床活动时间均显著优于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PFNA组术后总体并发症发生率为10.0%(5/50),而DHS组为24.0%(12/50),两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。至末次随访时,PFNA组2例,DHS组3例患者骨不连合并内固定物松动,均实施二期翻修手术。术后3、6、9个月时,PFNA组髋关节Harris评分均显著高于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。影像方面,术后PFNA组50例中,解剖复位35例,功能复位12例,复位不良3例;DHS组50例中,解剖复位28例,功能复位17例,复位不良5例;两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。除骨不连患者外,其余患者骨折均愈合,PFNA组骨折愈合时间为(12.82±1.46)周,DHS组为(14.23±1.61)周,两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。[结论] PFNA固定临床治疗效果显著优于DHS固定,可使股骨粗隆骨折患者早期行康复训练,而DHS仅适合治疗稳定的股骨粗隆间骨折。