微创腰椎间盘分流术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛

 目的 探讨微创腰椎间盘分流术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的作用机制并分析其近期临床疗效。方法 通过体外实验测定尼龙线分流虹吸管作用的距离;动物椎间盘内置入尼龙线,其尾端埋于肌肉中,组织学检查尼龙线的生物相容性。15 例经椎间盘造影诊断为椎间盘源性腰痛,局麻下行腰椎间盘分流术（应用特别设计的工具将尼龙线置入腰椎间盘内）,L_3-4 1 例、L_4-5 6 例、L₅S₁ 7 例、L_3-4合并 L_4-51 例。术后 1 周、3、12 和 24 个月采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）、Oswestry 功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）和影像学检查综合评估临床疗效。结果 体外实验显示通过尼龙线可将乳酸溶液的 pH 值从低于 4.0 调高至 7.14;体内实验表明绵羊椎间盘置入尼龙线后,椎间盘内蛋白多糖的含量随着时间推移逐渐增加,且尼龙线周围无炎症反应。所有患者均成功施行腰椎间盘分流术,无手术并发症。术后 2 年随访,患者 VAS 评分与 ODI 评分均有明显下降,VAS 改善率达 79.16%±12.33%,ODI 改善率为 77.42%±12.20%;X 线片示术后2 年椎间盘高度指数与术前相比,差异无统计学意义;MRI 示根据改良 Thompson 分级,分流椎间盘的退变程度无加重,10 例患者髓核信号有一定程度的增强。结论 经皮腰椎间盘分流术能够明显缓解腰痛,改善腰背部功能,具有创伤小,风险低的优点,有望成为临床治疗椎间盘源性腰痛一种新的微创手术方式。     

Serial lumbar dynamometry in low back pain.

To determine the significance of changes in motor performance as measured by lumbar dynamometry, serial lumbar dynamometry was performed on a group of 45 male Workers' Compensation patients with chronic "mechanical" low back pain and in a group of 20 healthy male volunteers. The patients were men aged 20-60 years, whose current episode of low back pain had lasted for at least 3 months (mean 19.5 weeks, range 12-47 weeks). Testing was performed at entry into a "back school" program of therapy and again 2 weeks and 4 weeks later. The control group showed a slight improvement in almost all variables of strength and range of motion between the first and second tests but no significant change between the second and third tests. This was consistent with a learning effect. The patient group was analyzed as a whole and also in two groups based on their response to the Waddell maneuvers at entry: Waddell score 0-2 (no excessive illness behavior) and 3-5 (excessive illness behavior). As a whole, the patients showed significant progressive improvement in most variables on successive tests. The group with the low Waddell score had significantly greater strength and range of motion than the group with the high Waddell score but the trend of improvement with time was similar in the two groups. The authors conclude that in this sample of patients with low back pain, serial lumbar dynamometry reveals a progressive improvement in performance, which is greater than the improvement expected from the natural history of physical recovery and greater than the improvement expected from an increase in strength and range of motion attributable to the therapeutic exercises performed and is much larger than any learning effect related to the test procedure.     

腰椎间盘退变性下腰痛的病理生理学及治疗对策的研究进展

椎间盘退变和下腰痛两者的关系并不十分清楚。有学者认为其病因与髓核内部结构的紊乱和纤维环裂隙出现有关。椎间盘结构生物力学特性改变、化学介质释放、神经血管长入退变的椎间盘内等诸多因素均可成为腰背疼痛的始发因素。目前国内外学者对因腰椎间盘退变引发疼痛的机制及治疗对策进行了广泛深入的研究,本文就目前的研究工作进行综述。     

椎间盘切除术对腰椎间盘突出症腰痛的影响

[目的] 探讨椎间盘切除术能否有效的缓解椎间盘突出症患者腰痛.[方法] 自2003年1月～2006年12月,201例单节段椎间盘突出症行椎间盘切除术的患者最终获得随访,201例患者中100例经内窥镜下椎间盘切除术(MED),101例行传统的椎板间开窗椎间盘切除术(COP).结果评价采用VAS疼痛评分和患者对手术的满意度评分,平均随访45个月.[结果] 89.1%患者对手术感到满意,平均腿痛的VAS评分从术前的70.02 ±15.80下降至随访时的7.73±12.13,平均腰痛VAS评分从术前43.61±26.18下降至随访时16.89±14.73,97.0%患者随访时腿痛获得有效的缓解,70.1%～78.1%的患者术后腰痛获得有效缓解.腰痛的缓解与腿痛的缓解相关.MED组患者腰痛的有效缓解率较COP组高.腰痛为主组、腰腿痛并重组及腿痛为主组患者腰痛的有效缓解率相似,腰痛为主组患者腿痛的有效缓解率较另外两组患者低.[结论] 椎间盘切除术可有效缓解椎间盘突出症腰痛.MED较传统的椎板间开窗椎间盘切除术缓解腰痛更有效.术前严重的腰痛可能足腿痛难以改善的预测因素.     

Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. OBJECTIVES: To study the relation of low back pain (LBP) to disc degeneration in the lumbar spine. BACKGROUND DATA: Controversy still prevails about the relationship between disc degeneration and LBP. Classification of disc degeneration and symptoms varies, hampering comparison of study results. METHODS: Subjects comprised 164 men aged 40-45 years-53 machine drivers, 51 construction carpenters, and 60 office workers. The data of different types of LBP, individual characteristics, and lifestyle factors were obtained from a questionnaire and a structured interview. Degeneration of discs L2/L3-L5/S1 (dark nucleus pulposus and posterior and anterior bulge) was assessed with MRI. RESULTS: An increased risk of LBP (including all types) was found in relation to all signs of disc degeneration. An increased risk of sciatic pain was found in relation to posterior bulges, but local LBP was not related to disc degeneration. The risks of LBP and sciatic pain were strongly affected by occupation. CONCLUSIONS: Low back pain is associated with signs of disc degeneration and sciatic pain with posterior disc bulges. Low back pain is strongly associated with occupation.     

不典型腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛诊断及治疗分析

目的探讨腰椎间盘退行变所致不典型腰腿痛的诊断及治疗方法。方法 2010-01-2014-09期间治疗腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛397例患者,对其中52例不典型腰腿痛患者的诊断及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果经皮腰椎间盘穿刺造影91个间盘,63个间盘疼痛复制诱发试验阳性。经腰椎kambin三角全内镜下椎间盘内髓核切除微创手术13例,经腰椎间孔全内镜下椎管内直接切除突出间盘组织微创手术10例,PLIF或TLIF手术治疗25例,理疗及肌力锻炼4例。平均随访9.6个月,腰腿痛VAS评分治疗前与治疗后1周、1月及3月时间点比较有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后3月疗效MacNab评定:优27例,良20例,可5例,优良率90.38%。结论椎间盘造影和疼痛复制诱发试验是确认腰椎间盘退变不典型腰腿痛责任椎间盘的有效方法,治疗上需依据具体情况选择不同治疗方案。     

应用椎间盘造影判断腰椎间盘突出症腰痛的来源

[目的]应用椎间盘造影术探讨腰椎间盘突出症患者临床腰痛来源.[方法]137例椎间盘突出症患者根据造影术前MRI表现将椎间盘分为:正常、突出和退变.患者腰痛和腿痛的严重程度应用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)判定,分为三组:(1)腰痛为主组;(2)腿痛为主组;(3)腰腿痛并重组.对所有退变的腰椎间盘及至少1个作对照的正常椎间盘进行椎间盘造影检查,如造影过程中诱发一致性腰痛,即认为椎间盘造影阳性.[结果]137例患者总共427个椎间盘行造影检查,其中104个造影阳性.椎间盘造影阳性患者腰痛与腿痛VAS评分无明显差异(P＞0.05),而阴性者腿痛评分高于腰痛评分(P＜0.05).腰痛为主组,腿痛为主组,腰腿痛并重组其造影阳性率分别为79.2%,18.6%,71. 7%.MRI表现为正常、突出和退变的椎间盘其造影阳性率分别是1.4%、48.3%、21.6%(P＜0.05).[结论]盘源性腰痛可能是腰痛明显的椎间盘突出症患者腰痛的主要原因,这种腰痛主要来源于椎间盘突出节段和或邻近退变节段.     

The significance of high lumbar mobility and low lumbar strength for current and future low back pain in adolescents.

STUDY DESIGN: This study comprised a cross-sectional part and a prospective part. OBJECTIVE: To study whether low lumbar extension strength, high lumbar mobility, and high mobility-extension strength ratios are related to current and future low back pain in adolescents. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Knowledge is sparse about the significance of lumbar mobility and strength for low back pain in adolescents. METHODS: The study population included all the adolescents in the eighth and ninth grades of a rural municipality (n = 44) and in an urban area (n = 61) during the 1996-1997 school year. At baseline, 88 adolescents (mean age, 14.7 years) participated in the study, giving a response rate of 84%. Low back pain was assessed by questionnaire as pain or discomfort in the low back during the preceding year. Sagittal lumbar mobility was tested by Schober's modified technique, and lumbar strength as static endurance extension strength. The follow-up part was conducted 3 years later, which included 98% of the adolescents. RESULTS: By bivariate and multivariate analyses in the cross-sectional part of the study, low back pain was found to be highly associated with low lumbar extension strength (P = 0.004-0.02), and high lumbar mobility-extension strength ratios (P = 0.005-0.04). Baseline low lumbar extension strength and high lumbar sagittal mobility-extension strength ratios (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively) predicted low back pain at follow-up assessment in multivariate analyses when control was used for gender, previous low back pain, physical activity, and well-being. No associations were found between plain sagittal mobility and low back pain. CONCLUSION: The study findings support theories suggesting insufficient strength and stability in the low back as important factors for both concurrent and future low back pain in adolescents.     

Recurrent low back pain and early disc degeneration in the young.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective 9-year follow-up study involving randomized matched subgroups of 15-year-old schoolchildren with or without low back pain at baseline. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term persistence of initially reported recurrent low back pain, and to examine the significance of abnormalities found in magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar discs in individuals 15 and 18 years of age as possible contributors to persistently recurrent low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In surveys among children and teenagers during the past few years, as many as half of all children in a community report a history of low back pain. The current results, in accordance with previous findings, indicate that there is a subgroup of adolescents with more chronic symptoms which, in the authors' opinion, deserves more attention. Disc disease accompanying low back pain is a key issue both in research and clinical practice. The significance of early degenerative findings in the lumbar discs is not known. METHODS: In the survey of 14-year-olds (n = 1503), a subgroup (7.8%) with recurrent low back pain was found. A random sample of individuals with recurrent low back pain (n = 40) and an equal number of completely asymptomatic control subjects were selected for a comparative study. The selected groups were examined by magnetic resonance imaging at 15 and 18 years of age. The participation rate of youth at 14, 18, and 23 years of age for all three questionnaires was 82% (29 boys and 33 girls). Imaging data were interpreted by two blinded radiologists experienced in low-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging. In calculations of relative risks, the participants reporting recurrent low back pain in all phases of the study were compared with participants who had no persistently recurrent pain. RESULTS: Eleven participants (35%) in the original group with low back pain persistently reported recurrent pain. In 15-year-old participants with disc degeneration, the relative risk of reporting recurrent low back pain up to the age of 23 years was 16 (95% confidence interval 2.2-118) compared with those having no disc degeneration. In addition, disc protrusion and Scheuermann-type changes at 15 years contributed to the risk of persistently recurrent low back pain. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' earlier findings already favored the hypothesis of a causal relation between the early evolution of a degenerative process of lower lumbar discs and recurrent low back pain in the near future. The current results further strengthen this hypothesis, indicating that individuals with disc degeneration soon after the phase of rapid physical growth not only have an increased risk of recurrent low back pain at this age, but also a long-term risk of recurrent pain up to early adulthood.     

单纯腰痛性腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的：分析单纯腰痛性腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点,探讨治疗方法。方法：回顾总结手术治疗单纯腰痛性腰椎间盘突出症３３例的临床资料。结果：平均随访４．５年,优良率达９６．７％,无差者。结论：对反复发作、久治不愈的腰痛者,应高度怀疑腰椎间盘突出症,一量诊断明确,应果断治疗,采用改良式全椎板切除,显露充分,减压彻底。     

腰椎间盘MRI局限性高信号对下腰痛诊断的临床意义

目的 分析腰椎间盘MRI局限性高信号区的影像学表现与临床对照,以提高对该征象的临床意义。方法 回顾分析35例下腰痛患者伴有腰椎间盘MRI局限性高信号区的影像学表现特征进行分析、诊断,对照临床资料及手术病理对照。结果 腰椎间盘MRI局限性高信号区MR矢状位T2WI图像呈圆形（71.4%）,弧形（20.0%）或放射状（8.6%）,病灶表现以圆形常见。轴位像为条状或梭形,与椎间盘纤维环破裂一致;高信号出现的位置与临床症状相符合。结论 腰椎间盘MRI局限性高信号区对诊断腰椎间盘性下腰痛有一定的特异性,出现该征象可提示椎间盘纤维环撕裂,为下腰痛患者的诊治提供参考。     

Gait adaptations in low back pain patients with lumbar disc herniation: trunk coordination and arm swing

Patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP) walk with more synchronous (in-phase) horizontal pelvis and thorax rotations than controls. Low thorax–pelvis relative phase in these patients appears to result from in-phase motion of the thorax with the legs, which was hypothesized to affect arm swing. In the present study, gait kinematics were compared between LBP patients with lumbar disc herniation and healthy controls during treadmill walking at different speeds and with different step lengths. Movements of legs, arms, and trunk were recorded. The patients walked with larger pelvis rotations than healthy controls, and with lower relative phase between pelvis and thorax horizontal rotations, specifically when taking large steps. They did so by rotating the thorax more in-phase with the pendular movements of the legs, thereby limiting the amplitudes of spine rotation. In the patients, arm swing was out-of phase with the leg, as in controls. Consequently, the phase relationship between thorax rotations and arm swing was altered in the patients.     

腰椎间盘突出症术后下腰痛及再突出的临床分析

[目的]探讨腰椎间盘摘除术后下腰痛以及腰椎间盘再突出的情况。[方法]在采用后路腰椎板开窗突出椎间盘摘除手术的患者中，随机选择200例，对其中获得5a以上随访的84例患者进行回顾性分析，对手术前后下腰痛JOA评分以及影像学结果进行统计处理。[结果]（1）79．8％的患者残留下腰痛，其中14．3％患者存在严重的下腰痛（JOA 1），75％的严重下腰痛患者在35岁以下；（2）13例患者行二次手术，其中12例为腰椎间盘再突出，1例为腰椎不稳，13例患者中主要是50岁以下的成年男性。[结论]年轻患者更易发生严重的下腰痛以及腰椎间盘再突出，在年轻患者首次手术时可以根据情况适当考虑脊柱融合。     

Change of barometric pressure influences low back pain in patients with vacuum phenomenon within lumbar intervertebral disc

The present study investigates whether changes in barometric pressure influence low back pain in patients with vacuum phenomenon within lumbar intervertebral discs. Twenty-four patients with low back pain were examined: 12 with vacuum phenomenon within the intervertebral discs (VP [+] group) and 12 without the vacuum phenomenon (VP [-] group). All patients consented to an evaluation of low back pain in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber. In the VP (+) group, low back pain became more severe in one patient when atmospheric pressure was elevated, and in eight patients when atmospheric pressure was decreased. In the VP (-) group, two patients experienced more severe low back pain when atmospheric pressure was decreased. Our study demonstrated that low back pain might be aggravated by atmosphere depression in patients with lumbar disease associated with the vacuum phenomenon.     

椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗椎间盘退变性腰腿痛

目的探讨椎间孔侧路镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛的临床效果。方法2010-08-2011-11,我科对31例经保守治疗无效的腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛患者实施了椎间孔侧路镜下髓核摘除微创手术。结果 YESS法穿刺15个间盘,TESSYS法穿刺19个间盘。随访3～6个月,平均4.2个月,失访2例。术前术后腰腿痛VAS评分有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后3个月疗效MacNab评定:优17例,良8例,可3例,差1例,优良率86.2%。结论椎间孔镜技术治疗腰椎间盘退变性腰腿痛具有更微创、效果良好、恢复快优点,掌握好病例选择是关键。