超选择性冠脉内注射硝普钠对急性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中无再流现象的作用

目的:评价超选择性冠状动脉内注射硝普钠对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗中梗死相关动脉(IRA)无复流现象的作用。方法:选择AMI急诊PCI后再通的IRA存在无复流现象者43例。21例患者经血栓抽吸导管超选择性梗死相关冠状动脉内注射法,22例患者采用常规指引导管内注射方法。药物均采用硝普钠100μg,2 s内"弹丸式"快速注射完毕。10 min后复查冠状动脉造影,评定冠状动脉血流TIMI分级及校正TIMI帧数(cTFC)。结果:两组均可明显改善急诊PCI后的无再流现象,超选择组所有患者梗死相关血管IRA血流恢复TIMIⅢ级,cTFC帧数由用药前的(84±7)帧降至(26±6)帧,与常规组相比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:超选择性IRA内快速注射硝普钠100μg能更有效地改善AMI急诊PCI中无再流现象。     

冠状动脉内弹丸式注射水化肝素钠治疗急性心肌梗死病人PCI术中无复流的疗效及安全性观察

目的观察冠状动脉内弹丸式注射水化肝素钠治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)中无复流的疗效及安全性。方法选取2013年1月—2017年1月在聊城市第二人民医院心内科诊断为AMI并急诊PCI术中出现无复流的60例病人为观察对象。将其分为水化肝素组及硝普钠组,各30例。观察病人急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级、矫正的TIMI帧数(cTFC)和左室射血分数(LVEF)、术后60 d内主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生情况。结果用药后,水化肝素组冠状动脉造影TIMI血流分级Ⅲ级比例高于硝普钠组(P0.05);用药后,两组病人cTFC均较用药前降低(P0.05),且水化肝素组cTFC低于硝普钠组(P0.05);用药后,水化肝素组每搏量(SV)、LVEF水平高于硝普钠组(P0.05),NT-proBNP水平低于硝普钠组(P0.05);水化肝素组病人术后不良心血管事件发生率明显低于硝普钠组(3.33%与20.00%,P0.05);PCI术后水化肝素组出现血尿1例,痰中带血丝1例,停用替罗非班后好转。硝普钠组未见出血并发症。结论冠状动脉内注射水化肝素可明显改善AMI病人急诊PCI术中冠状动脉无复流。     

冠状动脉靶病变远端经微导管注射硝普钠对冠状动脉介入治疗中无复流的作用

目的评价冠状动脉靶病变远端经微导管注射和直接冠状动脉内注射硝普钠对经皮冠状动脉介入（ percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI） 治疗中“无复流”的作用。方法选择PCI治疗中存在“无复流”现象的患者56例为研究对象,其中21例入选普通组,经指引导管冠状动脉内注射硝普钠200斗g;23例入选改良组,经微导管注射硝普钠至靶病变远端：12例为对照组,经微导管注射O．9％氯化钠溶液至靶病变远端。10min后复查冠状动脉造影。评定冠状动脉血流心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, TIMI）分级及校正TIMI帧数（corrected tbrombolysis in myocardial infarction framecount, CTFC）。结果3组均可改善PCI治疗后的“无复流”现象。普通组12例靶血管血流恢复TIMI3级,CTFC帧数由用药前的（83．2±8．3）帧降至（38．1±7．5）帧;而改良组21例血流恢复TIMI3级,CTFC帧数从（85．6±6．9）帧降至（27．3±6．8）帧;对照组1例血流恢复TIMI3级,CTFC帧数从（84．3±7.4）帧降至（50．8±8．2）帧。改良组疗效明显优于普通组和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P（0．01）。结论PCI治疗中,冠状动脉靶病变远端经微导管注射和经指引导管冠状动脉内注射硝普钠均能改善“无复流”现象。经微导管注射硝普钠至靶病变远端比经指引导管注射能更有效地改善PCI治疗中“无复流”现象。     

地尔硫卓治疗直接经皮冠状动脉介入术无复流的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射地尔硫卓治疗直接经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）无复流的疗效。方法对23例直接PCI无复流患者给予梗死相关冠脉（IRA）内推注地尔硫卓2-4mg,分别于推注地尔硫卓前及推注后5min,用校正的心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床实验（TIMI）帧数（Corrected TIMI FrameCount,CTFC）评价IRA血流情况。结果23例无复流患者于IRA内注入地尔硫卓后CTFC由（60.45±12.10）帧降至（30.03±8.20）帧（P〈0.001）,其中17例（复流组）IRA血流恢复至TIMI3级,6例（无复流组）IRA血流未恢复,有效率73.91%。结论冠脉内注射地尔硫卓治疗直接PCI无复流能有效地恢复患者IRA血流,可作为治疗无复流的一种方法。     

冠脉内注射山莨菪碱及腺苷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后缓再流现象的影响

背景急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后约10%～30%的患者存在缓再流现象(SRP),致使患者不能实现心肌组织水平的有效再灌注,探讨 PCI 后 SRP 防治方法成为冠状动脉介入治疗领域的一个研究热点。目的探讨冠状动脉内注射山莨菪碱及联合腺苷对 AMI 患者 PCI 后梗死相关动脉(IRA)SRP 的影响。方法 51例 AMI 直接 PCI 后存在 SRP 者,先以硝酸甘油200μg冠状动脉内注入确认 SRP,再随机分为两组:A 组(26例)冠状动脉内注入山莨菪碱500μg,B 组(25例)注入山莨菪碱500μg+腺苷3 mg,两组于给药后1、3、10 min 行冠状动脉造影(CAG)。应用 TIMI 血流计帧法和冠状动脉造影计算机测量系统行给药后不同时间点IRA 再通后血流速率帧数定量分析比较,并观察用药前后的心率和血压变化。结果术后基础对照与硝酸甘油给药1、3、10 min 时 CAG 血流帧数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A 组给药后1、3和10 min 时 CAG 血流帧数分别较给药前减少56.6%,54.4%和52.8%(P 均<0.01),平均 TIMI 血流从(1.7...     

尼可地尔对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的老年患者直接介入术后血流灌注及预后的影响

目的观察冠状动脉内预防性注射尼可地尔对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的患者直接PCI(PPCI)术后心肌血流灌注及预后的影响。方法前瞻性纳入我院行PPCI的老年STEMI患者174例,随机分为尼可地尔组、硝普钠组和对照组,每组58例,分别于支架置入前冠状动脉内推注尼可地尔4mg、硝普钠200μg、0.9%生理盐水10ml。观察各组主要终点事件[校正TIMI帧数(cTFC),术后慢血流及无复流的发生率]及主要不良心血管事件的发生。结果尼可地尔组、硝普钠组及对照组术后即刻cTFC[(20.4±8.1)帧vs (25.5±7.6)帧vs(28.2±12.0)帧]、术后慢血流或者无复流发生率(6.9%vs 13.8%vs 24.1%)、术后90min心电图ST段回落不良发生率(8.6%vs 20.7%vs 27.6%)、再灌注心律失常发生率(17.2%vs 31.0%vs 39.7%)、术后TIMI3级(10.3%vs 20.7%vs 29.3%)及cTnI[(7.5±1.8)μg/L vs(8.5±2.3)μg/L vs(12.1±3.2)μg/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01,P0.05)。多因素logistical分析结果显示,冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔是术后发生慢血流或者无复流的保护因素(95%CI:0.13~1.19,P=0.038),可降低术后cTFC(95%CI:0.14~0.52,P=0.000)。3组主要不良心血管事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论冠状动脉内预防性注射尼可地尔可改善老年急性STEMI患者PPCI术后心肌血流灌注水平,但不改善短期临床预后。     

冠脉内注射山茛菪碱及腺苷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后缓再流现象的影响

背景 急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后约10%～30%的患者存在缓再流现象(SRP),致使患者不能实现心肌组织水平的有效再灌注,探讨PCI后SRP防治方法成为冠状动脉介入治疗领域的一个研究热点.目的 探讨冠状动脉内注射山莨菪碱及联合腺苷对AMI患者PCI后梗死相关动脉(IRA)SRP的影响.方法 51例AMI直接PCI后存在SRP者,先以硝酸甘油200 μg冠状动脉内注入确认SRP,再随机分为两组:A组(26例)冠状动脉内注入山莨菪碱500 μg,B组(25例)注入山莨菪碱500 μg 腺苷3 mg,两组于给药后1、3、10 min行冠状动脉造影(CAG).应用TIMI血流计帧法和冠状动脉造影计算机测量系统行给药后不同时间点IRA再通后血流速率帧数定量分析比较,并观察用药前后的心率和血压变化.结果 术后基础对照与硝酸甘油给药1、3、10 min时CAG血流帧数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0 05).A组给药后1、3和10 min时CAG血流帧数分别较给药前减少56 6%,54 4%和52 8%(P均<0 01),平均TIMI血流从(1 75±0 46)级增加到(2 73±0 44)级(P<0 05);B组较给药前减少59 5 %,58 6%和55 8%(P均<0 01),平均TIMI血流从(1 72±0 52)级增加到(2 82±0 36)级(P<0 05),组间差别显著.两组在给药后10 min内连续监测冠状动脉内压、外周血压与给药前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0 05).A组心率较用药前增加了15～19次/min,B组心率未见增加,两组均未发现严重不良反应.结论 冠状动脉内注射山莨菪碱联合腺苷可改善AMI直接PCI后SRP,对血压和心率无影响.     

冠状动脉内注射硝普钠与硝酸甘油在急性心肌梗死急诊手术中的临床对照研究

目的:观察急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中冠状动脉内给予硝普钠或冠状动脉内给予硝酸甘油的临床疗效。方法:将急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的患者152例随机分为硝普钠组(78例)和硝酸甘油组(74例),常规治疗的基础上,冠状动脉内分别注射硝普钠或硝酸甘油,PCI后行冠状动脉造影检查,观察其TIMI血流分级及ST段50%回落率,并观察患者住院期间及术后6个月内的心血管事件发生率,作为评价指标。结果:2组患者临床基本指标比较无统计学差异(P0.05);慢血流与无复流的发生率硝酸甘油组高于硝普钠组(P0.05);PCI后6个月随访示硝普钠组与硝酸甘油组患者左室射血分数、左室舒张末直径以及心脏不良事件发生率比较,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PCI中冠状动脉内给予硝普钠较硝酸甘油可明显改善冠状动脉慢血流或无复流,对于急性心肌梗死患者可改善术后即刻血流,减少远期临床事件。     

冠状动脉内注射乌拉地尔对急性心肌梗死心肌灌注和心功能的影响

目的:探讨乌拉地尔对急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者心肌灌注和心功能的影响。方法:对经急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者54例,随机分为乌拉地尔组、硝酸甘油组和对照组。分别于经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术前冠状动脉内注射乌拉地尔、硝酸甘油、生理盐水。观察PCI术前、术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、校正的TIMI帧计数(cTFC)、心肌充血分级(MBG)、ST段回落、心肌坏死指标、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果:乌拉地尔组与硝酸甘油组和对照组相比,PCI后cTFC降低、MBG增加、ST段回落增加、LVEF增加、CK和TnT峰值降低(P均<0.01)。结论:乌拉地尔可改善AMI急诊PCI患者冠状动脉血流、心肌灌注和左心室收缩功能,减少梗死面积,不增加住院期间MACE。     

不同给药途径注射硝普钠对急性冠脉综合症患者经皮冠状动脉介入术中无复流的疗效

目的比较冠状动脉内经导引导管和经微导管注射硝普钠对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时无复流现象(NR)的疗效。方法选择四川省巴中市中心医院心内科2009年1月~2013年9月在实施PCI时出现靶血管NR的ACS患者55例,男性32例,女性23例。根据注射硝普钠的方式分为微导管组(n=31)和导引导管组(n=24),两组分别在NR时冠状动脉内注射硝普钠50μg/次,每2~5min重复直至NR消失。比较两组治疗前后TIMI血流分级、TIMI血流帧数(TFC)、不良反应和死亡的发生率。结果微导管组和导引导管组分别有29例(93.5%)和19例(79.2%)的患者TIMI血流分级改善,差异无统计学意义(P=0.22)。治疗后,微导管组TFC由(57.7±8.2)帧减少至(10.3±5.9)帧,导引导管组由(56.8±9.2)帧减少至(15.2±6.3)帧。两组治疗前后比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P均0.01),且治疗后微导管组TFC明显低于导引导管组(P0.05)。治疗后微导管组ITFC明显高于导引导管组[(0.82±0.11)vs.(0.73±0.11),P=0.004]。术后微导管组和导引导管组各有2例(6.5%)和5例(20.8%)住院期间死亡,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。微导管组和导引导管组各有3例(9.7%)和5例(20.8%)发生一过性低血压,两组低血压发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经微导管注射硝普钠至靶血管远端治疗ACS患者PCI中NR疗效优于经导引导管。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.