TIPSS术后近期上消化道出血的分析及其对策—附28例报告

目的：探讨经颈静脉途径经肝内门－体静脉内支架分流术（TIPSS）术后上消化道出血的影响因素及对策。方法：对28例肝硬化门静脉高压患者行TIPSS手术,术前常规检查肝功能、凝血功能及行胃镜检查,术中检测分流前后的门静脉压力,术后追踪观察临床症状并定期进行肝功能多普勒超声影像检查。结果：28例术后1周内有4例出现上消化道出血 ,发生率达14％,患者生术后发生上消化道出血与术前胃、十二指肠黏膜病变的严重程度及主要临床表现和出血原因呈正相关（P＜0．01）。结论：TIPSS术后要注意保护患者的胃、十二指肠黏膜。     

TIPSS术后肝性脑病的预防及护理

目的 为了预防Tipss术后并发肝性脑病。方法 对20例行Tipss手术的病人实施了预防及护理措施,术前做好患者心理护理及呼吸功能训练的指导;术中密切配合医生手术;术后严格限制蛋白质饮食,洁净肠道并注意观察病人性格和行为的改变和出血倾向;详细做好出院指导。结果 术后7d并发HE仅2例,占10％,比国内文献报道的10％－20％发生率低。结论 上述采取的预防护理措施对防止Tipss术后肝脑病的发生有主要的作用。     

TIPSS术治疗门静脉高压42例的围术期护理对术后并发症发生率的影响

目的探讨优质的围术期护理对经颈静脉肝内门体静脉内支架分流术（TIPSS）治疗门静脉高压的术后并发症发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年1月成都医学院第一附属医院消化内科收治的行TIPSS（应用常规直径10nlm的覆膜支架）治疗的肝硬化门静脉高压患者42例的临床资料。结果41例患者术中生命体征平稳,1例术中出现休克,经补液、改善微循环等抢救后好转,未出现严重并发症;术后测得门静脉压力为（21．8±3．1）cmH2O,明显低于术前水平。随访3个月后无一例患者并发肝性脑病,原来3例肝性脑病患者的空腹静脉血氨降为（46．3±11．9）μmol／L,明显低于术前。8例顽固性腹水的患者腹水量均大大低于术前。结论严格加强TIPSS围术期护理,可有效控制肝性脑病等并发症的发生,节约社会医疗资源,减轻患者经济负担。     

肝硬化门静脉高压患者经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗后血清因子水平变化及与预后的关系分析

目的 探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)用于治疗肝硬化门静脉高压患者的效果,分析血清因子与预后的联系。方法 回顾性分析2020年2月至2022年2月中山市人民医院收治的90例肝硬化门静脉高压患者的临床资料,入院后均行TIPS治疗。比较90例患者手术前后的肝功能指标[总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及白蛋白(ALB)]、门静脉压、门静脉血流指数及血清炎性趋化因子配体9 (CXCL9)、血栓素A₂ (TXA₂)及前列环素(PGI₂)水平。根据随访结果分为预后良好组(40例)和预后不良组(50例),比较两组患者术前血清CXCL9、TXA₂及PGI₂水平,并采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析上述指标预测患者预后的价值。结果 术前、术后1周、术后2周患者的TBIL水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后2周的ALT、AST水平低于术前、术后1周,术后1周的ALT、AST水平高于术前,术后2周的ALB水平高于术前、术后1周,术后1周的AL...     

颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉高压并门静脉广泛栓子后消化道出血三例

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）治疗门静脉高压并门静脉内栓子广泛形成后消化道出血的治疗效果。方法3例急性上消化道出血患者,均经CT明确诊断为门静脉、肠系膜上静脉内（含1例脾静脉内栓子形成）广泛栓子形成,行TIPS止血治疗,将支架放置于造影所见栓子的远端。结果TIPS治疗后,随访4～6周3例患者均未再发生出血,不适症状消失。结论TIPS治疗门静脉高压并门静脉内广泛栓子形成后消化道出血,安全可行,疗效可靠,值得推广。     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术后并发肝性脑病病人的观察及护理

[目的]探讨经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流(TIPS)术后并发肝性脑病病人的观察及护理。[方法]回顾性分析124例TIPS术病人的临床资料。[结果]术后并发肝性脑病31例,因全身多脏器功能衰竭死亡4例,27例病人均取得满意的临床效果,肝性脑病症状明显好转。[结论]通过密切的病情观察和精心护理,及时发现并治疗TIPS术后出现的肝性脑病,可提高TIPS的成功率,提高病人的生活质量。     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉高压症TIPSS术后肝衰竭高危因素分析

目的：探讨导致原发性肝癌伴门静脉高压症行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPSS）后发生肝衰竭的高危因素。材料和方法：回顾性收集2007年1月—2010年12月69例原发性肝癌伴门静脉高压症消化道出血和/或顽固性腹水患者行TIPSS治疗的临床资料和发生肝衰竭的情况,并应用统计学分析导致肝衰竭的高危因素。结果：69例TIPSS手术的成功率为100%,其中26例在TIPSS术后0.5~47月发生肝衰竭,11例经积极内科治疗后症状缓解,15例经治疗无效死亡。对发生肝衰竭的病例进行回顾性分析结果显示：CTP分级情况、肿瘤原始总直径、分流通道支架直径、是否合并有门静脉癌栓、TIPSS术前肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE/TAE）次数以及是否有外科手术史、TIPSS术后是否有再出血（包括新发生的出血）及肝性脑病均为原发性肝癌伴门静脉高压症TIPSS术后发生肝衰竭的高危因素。结论：TIPSS治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉高压症是可行的,能有效降低门静脉压力,但有发生肝衰竭的风险,术前充分评估这些危险因素,筛选出适合TIPSS手术的患者,使其得到较高的获益。     

年龄联合白蛋白-胆红素评分对经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后显性肝性脑病的预测价值

目的 探讨年龄联合白蛋白-胆红素(ALBI)评分对肝硬化伴食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗后显性肝性脑病(OHE)的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析87例接受TIPS治疗的肝硬化伴EGVB患者的临床资料,术后随访6个月,根据是否发生OHE将患者分为OHE组27例和非OHE组60例。通过单因素分析筛选出2组间差异有统计学意义的指标,对其进行二元Logistic回归分析,明确OHE发生的独立影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评估各独立影响因素单独及联合预测OHE的效能,应用MedCalc软件比较不同曲线下面积(AUC)的差异。结果 87例患者中,27例患者术后6个月内发生OHE,发病率为31.03%。单因素分析结果显示,OHE组年龄、白蛋白、血钠、ALBI评分与非OHE组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.08, 95%CI:1.02～1.14,P=0.01)、ALBI评分(OR=13.68, 95%CI:3.00～62.44,P<0.01)均为肝硬化伴EGVB患者TIP...     

改良部分性脾动脉栓塞术治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后肝性脑病的临床研究

目的 观察改良部分性脾动脉栓塞术(MPSE)治疗经颈静脉肝内门体分流(TIPS)术后肝性脑病的效果。方法 回顾性分析采用MPSE治疗的TIPS术后肝性脑病患者10例患者的资料。比较术前与术后3、6个月患者肝功能指标、门静脉主干血流速度、分流道血流速度。结果 所有患者均成功完成MPSE,术后1例出现腹痛症状,其他患者均无明显手术相关症状及并发症。术后随访6个月,仅1例肝性脑病未得到控制。术后3、6个月谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)及门静脉主干血流速度与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3、6个月分流道血流速度与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 MPSE可降低TIPS术后分流道血流速度,起到限流作用,从而有效控制肝性脑病。     

经门静脉肝内门体支架分流术治疗食管曲张破裂出血的观察与护理

目的探讨护理在经门静脉肝内门体支架分流术（Transjugular In—trahepatic Portosvstemic Stent—Shuant，TIPSS）治疗和预防门静脉高压所致食管曲张破裂出血的疗效观察。方法对18例食管静脉曲张破裂出血的患者在放射科无菌导管室进行经门静脉肝内门体支架分流术。结果1例因严重肺部感染术后2周死亡，其余17例均存活，最长36个月。结论TIPSS治疗对食管静脉曲张破裂出血的患者是最安全有效的，但由于术后活动受限，症状多，易出现并发症，对患者的术后护理是十分关键的。     

Clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt created through left or right branches of the portal vein: A meta-analysis

Background and aimTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a technique successfully used to treat portal hypertension and its complications. However, the choice of the branch, left (L) or right (R), of the portal vein resulting in a better outcome is still under debate. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate which branch has a better curative effect on patients treated with TIPS.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane Library databases, Wanfang database and CBM were used for our search in October 2019 and updated in June 2021. The following parameters were used in evaluation: overall mortality, hepatic encephalopathy, shunt dysfunction, variceal rebleeding and rate of postoperative ascites.ResultsThere were seven studies included. The sample size was 1940. A lower risk of mortality was observed in TIPS-L-treated patients compared with TIPS-R-treated ones (OR ​= ​0.65, 95% CI ​= ​0.50–0.85, p ​= ​0.002). A lower risk of shunt dysfunction was observed in TIPS-L-treated patients compared with TIPS-R-treated ones (OR ​= ​0.53, 95% CI ​= ​0.33–0.87, p ​= ​0.01). And the TIPS-L group had a significantly higher hepatic encephalopathy-free rate than the TIPS-R group (OR ​= ​0.59, 95% CI ​= ​0.44–0.78, p ​= ​0.0002). However, the rate of rebleeding (OR ​= ​0.75, 95% CI ​= ​0.55–1.03, p ​= ​0.07) and incidence of postoperative ascites (OR ​= ​1.14, 95% CI ​= ​0.86–1.51, p ​= ​0.38) was not statistically significant between the two groups.ConclusionsBased on the currently available evidence, the technique of TIPS through the left branch of the portal vein can significantly reduce the occurrence of overall postoperative mortality, hepatic encephalopathy and shunt dysfunction.     

Molecular targeted therapy causes hepatic encephalopathy in patients after Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): A case report and literature review

We report two cases of hepatic encephalopathy caused by molecular targeted drugs after the Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure in our center. The liver toxicities and anti-angiogenic effects induced by targeted drugs may generate an imbalance in ammonia metabolism, elevating blood ammonia levels. TIPS diverts partial blood supply from the liver, aggravates liver impairment, and shunts ammonia-rich blood from the intestine into the systemic circulation. These may be the mechanisms leading to hepatic encephalopathy caused by molecular targeted drugs following TIPS. When clinicians choose molecular targeted therapy as the second or third targeted therapy for patients who have undergone TIPS, the consequence of drug-induced hepatic encephalopathy should also be considered.     

声触诊组织量化技术评估经颈静脉肝内门体分流术联合胃冠状静脉栓塞术疗效

目的 探讨应用声触诊组织量化(VTQ)技术测量脾脏剪切波速度(SSWV)无创评价经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)联合胃冠状静脉栓塞术(GCVE)疗效的价值。方法 将19例接受TIPS联合GCVE治疗的肝硬化门静脉高压患者分为A(13例,接受1次治疗)、B(6例,首次治疗后因支架闭塞再次接受治疗)两组。应用VTQ技术分别与治疗前1天、治疗后6天测量SSWV,以脉冲波多普勒测量门静脉主干血流速度(PVV)、脾静脉主干血流速度(SVV)。于TIPS联合GCVE治疗过程中,以直接测压法测量支架植入前及植入后的门静脉压(PPG),并进行统计分析。结果 TIPS联合GCVE治疗后,A、B两组PPG均较治疗前明显减低(P均<0.05);SSWV均较治疗前明显减低,PVV、SVV均较治疗前明显升高(P均<0.05)。A、B两组治疗前及治疗后SSWV均与PPG呈正相关(P均<0.05),PVV、SVV均与PPG无相关性(P均>0.05)。结论 应用VTQ技术所测SSWV与PPG存在相关性,可作为TIPS联合GCVE治疗前后监测门静脉压力的无创定量评估指标。     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for repeated bleeding of hemorrhoids caused by severe portal hypertension with ectopic varices: A case report

BackgroundSevere portal hypertension is life-threatening and can bring adverse complications such as ascites, gastroesophageal varices, and edema. It can, even cause variceal hemorrhage, which may lead to a high risk of death. There is a rare incidence in bleeding of hemorrhoids caused by severe ectopic varices.Case presentationWe report the case of a female patient with a 20-year history of hepatitis B virus infection who presented with repeated bleeding of hemorrhoids caused by severe portal hypertension with ectopic varices that is connection between the superior mesenteric vein and rectal venous plexus. Laboratory results revealed a hemoglobin level of 74 g/L. Finally, the patient was successfully treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) placement without variceal embolization after a multidisciplinary comprehensive opinion. In the two-month follow-up period, the patient had failed to develop hepatic encephalopathy or hematochezia, and computed tomography venography (CTV) indicated that the stent was unobstructed and ascites disappeared.ConclusionsTIPSS placement is effective for the case, and we hope this case can help improve clinicians’ awareness of hemorrhoidal bleeding with severe portal hypertension. Portal hypertension should also be considered during the diagnosis and treatment, as opposed to hemorrhoidal bleeding alone. Moreover, abdominal CTV is recommended as an effective imaging examination method to determine the stent status after operation.     

门静脉高压症介入治疗前后血流动力学变化分析

目的探讨肝炎后门静脉高压症的多重介入治疗方法的可行性.方法分析22例部分脾动脉栓塞术和12例行经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术并胃冠状静脉栓塞术患者的彩色多普勒检查资料.结果经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术并胃冠状静脉栓塞术后脾静脉、门静脉管径缩小(P<0.05),门静脉、脾静脉流速流量明显增加,呈高动力状态.部分脾动脉栓塞术后脾静脉、门静脉平均血流速度降低(P<0.05),血流量明显减少(P<0.01).结论经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术并胃冠状静脉栓塞术若与部分脾动脉栓塞术联合运用可缓解门脉系循环高动力状态、降低门静脉压力.     

双重介入方法治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的超声观察

目的应用彩色超声多普勒（CDF）评价胃冠状静脉栓塞术（GCVE）与经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术（TIPSS）双重介入方法治疗肝硬化门脉高压症（PVH）的效果。方法从临床确诊为肝硬化PVH患者中筛选已行GCVE的12例患者行TIPSS治疗，应用CDF于手术前后分别检测门静脉（主干及分支）、肝静脉、脾静脉和分流道（术后支撑管）管径、血流及肝、脾和腹水等情况，将手术前后检测结果进行对比分析。结果术后患者的门静脉、脾静脉血流速度显著改善P〈0．01，管径明显缩小P〈0．05，门脉压力降低，急性出血停止，分流道通畅；2例分别于术后6个月和18个月发生狭窄；前者12个月发生阻塞，后者经再次分流道扩张后恢复。结论双重介入方法可明显提高肝硬化PVH的临床治疗效果。     

彩色多普勒超声对经颈静脉肝内门体分流术前后血流动力学的研究

本文应用彩色多普勒超声对１９例肝硬化门脉高压症的门脉系统血流动力学在经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（ＴＩＰＳＳ）前后进行研究。结果表明Ｂ型超声可以清晰显示支架回声。ＣＤＦＩ可以清楚显示支架内血流通畅情况。术后门静脉、脾静脉血流速度、血流量显著增加，肝内门静脉分支血流速度显著减慢，血流量显著减少。门静脉左矢状支８／１２（６７％）例次，右前支７／１２（５４％）例次出现反向血流。我们认为ＣＤＦＩ对于估价ＴＩＰＳＳ术后门静脉系统血流动力学变化有重要价值。