儿童意外伤害原因分析及其预防措施

目的预防和减少儿童意外伤害，保护儿童生命健康和提高儿童生命质量。方法将多发年龄段、性别特点、伤害类型进行分析。结果意外伤害、烧烫伤发生在幼儿期，跌落伤、车祸发生在学龄前期。结论预防儿童意外伤害的发生，要加强儿童、家庭、社会三方面的预防意识。     

武汉市0～10岁儿童意外伤害调查分析

目的了解武汉市0～10岁儿童意外伤害的发生情况。方法利用自编“0～10岁儿童意外伤害调查表”,随机抽样调查武汉市青山区10个社区及周边区域适龄儿童720名,了解其个人、家庭的基本情况及意外伤害发生的相关情况,分析儿童意外伤害发生的相关因素及发生规律。结果720名儿童中有211人发生意外伤害,发生率29．31％,男、女童分别为37．44％、19．25％（P〈0．01）;随年龄增长,意外伤害发生率增高（P〈0．05）;玩耍时意外伤害发生率最高（66．19％）,以摔伤、扭伤、擦伤、挤压伤居首位（40．42％）;好动、开朗、暴躁儿童意外伤害发生率明显高于喜静、内向及温顺儿童（P均〈0．01）;父母文化程度低及无专人看管家庭儿童意外伤害发生率均明显高于父母文化程度高及有专人看管家庭儿童（P均〈0．01）。结论意外伤害严重威胁儿童的健康和生命安全,有其发生的内因与外因,为有效降低意外伤害对儿童身体健康造成的危害,需要全社会共同关注,特别是要引起监护人的高度重视。     

儿童意外伤害189例分析

目的了解小儿意外伤害特点及相关因素,探讨儿童意外伤害的原因以寻求降低意外伤害发生的有效措施。方法对沈阳市沈河区发生的189例儿童意外伤害进行了回顾性分析,对意外伤害的种类、构成比、年龄特点及相关因素进行了研究。结果婴儿期是意外窒息的高危年龄阶段,跌伤、交通意外、异物伤害是1～6岁儿童高危年龄阶段。结论意外伤害不仅与小儿自身特点有关,而且与家庭和社会密不可分。儿童意外伤害应以预防为主,加强安全管理,采取家庭与社会相结合的防范策略。     

海南省海口市城乡儿童意外伤害横断面调查

目的 通过调查海南省海口市城乡儿童意外伤害流行病学特征,为热带海岛地区儿童意外伤害的预防和干预提供依据。方法 自行设计儿童意外伤害登记表格,回顾性收集三级甲等医院（海南医学院附属医院、海南省人民医院)和二级甲等医院（海南省海口市第四人民医院、琼山区人民医院）被诊断为意外伤害的0~14岁儿童信息,包括性别、年龄、户籍（城市和农村）、意外伤害时间（以月份为统计）、意外伤害原因、意外伤害地点和伤害结局。结果 共收集儿童意外伤害病例2 006例,男童1 114例,女童892例,男、女比例为1.25∶1。儿童性别构成比在1～4岁段不明显（P＞0.05）,5～14岁段男童人数多于女童（P<0.05）;1～4岁段儿童意外伤害人数最多,随着年龄增长,儿童意外伤害人数逐渐减少（P<0.05）。1～2月份和5～9月份是儿童意外伤害发生的高峰期。儿童意外伤害发生在家庭总体上农村高于城市（P<0.01）,发生在学校和公路/街道总体上城市高于农村（P均<0.05）。儿童意外伤害跌倒/坠落、交通事故总体上城市高于农村（P均<0.05）,烧烫伤、溺水总体上农村高于城市（P均<0.05）。导致死亡前3位的意外伤害原因依次是溺水、跌倒/坠落和交通事故,不同伤害原因的儿童意外伤害结局差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 海口地区儿童意外伤害的发生时间和危险因素与其他地区不同,政府、学校和家庭应因地制宜,制定科学的儿童意外伤害干预措施,保障儿童生命健康安全。     

儿童重症监护病房收治意外伤害临床特征及死亡危险因素分析

目的:探讨儿童重症监护病房(PICU)收治意外伤害的临床特征和危险因素。方法:回顾性总结上海交通大学附属儿童医院2017年1月至2019年12月因意外伤害收住PICU的患儿。分存活组和死亡组,比较临床特点与实验室指标的差异,多因素Logistic回归筛选死亡的危险因素和受试者工作特征曲线确定其阈值。结果:(1)意外伤害...     

儿童意外伤害315例分析

目的 探讨儿童意外伤害的原因及预防措施.方法 对2007年9月至2011年9月就诊云南省保山市人民医院的儿童意外伤害病例,根据年龄分组,参照国际疾病分类(ICD 10)进行分析.结果 儿童意外伤害的发生率男孩高于女孩.6～ 12岁学龄儿童为意外伤害事故发生的高峰年龄段.0 ～ 14岁儿童意外伤害类型主要为交通事故、跌落伤、烧烫伤.结论 应重视意外伤害的预防,采取家庭、学校、社会相结合的预防方法,并根据性别、年龄进行针对性预防.     

湖南醴陵农村儿童意外伤害的危险因素调查

目的 调查湖南醴陵农村儿童意外伤害发生的危险因素,为农村儿童意外伤害的预防和干预措施的制定提供依据。方法 采取分层抽样和整群抽样的方法,于2013年10月在湖南醴陵市东部和西部农村地区抽取4所中学和2所小学各年级全体学生3 257人（年龄5~16岁）作为调查对象,采用自制的问卷调查表调查儿童一般情况、家庭情况、居住地周围环境及意外伤害发生情况。采用非条件多因素logistic 回归分析儿童意外伤害发生的危险因素。结果 3 257名学生中,过去1年中发生意外伤害356人（10.93%）。单因素分析发现,儿童性别、是否留守、网吧上网频率、监护人是否父母亲、监护人年龄、父母相处和谐程度、父亲是否外出打工、母亲是否外出打工、家里是否储存烟花爆竹、居住地周围是否常有打架斗殴及自己是否参与打架斗殴等11个因素是儿童意外伤害发生的影响因素。非条件多因素logistic 回归分析显示男性（OR=0.751,P=0.013）、留守儿童（OR=1.779,POR=1.337,P=0.028）、居住地周围常有打架斗殴（OR=1.517,P结论 影响湖南醴陵农村儿童意外伤害的发生是多因素的,其中男孩、留守儿童、家里储存烟花爆竹及居住地周围常有打架斗殴者是意外伤害发生的高危人群,应重点关注。     

儿童意外伤害的救治进展

儿童是意外伤害发生的高危人群,其伤害发生率高、后遗残疾多,已经成为儿童死亡的第一位原因,给家庭带来灾难,给社会造成巨大负担。因此,伤害已成为威胁年轻一代健康的严重卫生问题,正确认识儿童意外伤害和有效开展救治十分重要。1儿童意外伤害概况[1]儿童各年龄阶段伤害的发生不一样。新生儿与婴幼儿期常以内科急诊为主,窒息发生率较高;学龄前儿童则以家庭内意外伤害较多,如烧伤、烫伤、跌落、触电等;学龄儿童以学校、公共场所发生的意外为主,如交通事故。青春期青少年伤害发生率可高达50%,每年每2个青少年中就有1人遭受1次以上的伤害,1~14…     

河北省怀来县儿童意外损伤的流行病学研究

目的 了解农村儿童意外损伤的流行病学现状及危险因素。方法 以河北省怀来县农村常住人口中,１９９０年１月１日～１９９１年１２月３１日间,所有意外损伤致死和致重伤（包括残疾）的０－１４岁儿童为调查对象,以国际疾病分类（ＩＣＤ－９Ｅ）中损伤的外部原因与中毒的一般分类为本次调查的意外损伤分类标准。结果 意外死亡率为２９．２／１０万,意外损伤率为２４６．９／１０万,意外致残率为１７．３／１０万,意外死亡为０     

Prevention of unintentional injury in children

Unintentional injuries are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in children, many of these injuries can be anticipated and avoided. There is mounting evidence about the effectiveness of injury prevention interventions, but further research and data is needed to help identify the reason for inequalities between population groups and to identify the full scale of the problem. This article outlines the different approaches to injury prevention and discusses primary, secondary and tertiary prevention along with the four E's: Education, Enforcement, Engineering and Economics. It outlines some of the current government legislation, national policies, strategies and interventions. Health professionals who work with children have a professional responsibility to keep them safe from harm. They can do so by identifying children at risk, providing safety advice and signposting parents to further educational or practical resources and by further spreading awareness amongst colleagues.     

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??Unintentional injuries and acute poisoning are leading causes of disability and morality in children.The main type of unintentional injuries in children include falls??traffic accident??foreign body injury??drowning and acute poisoning. Severe patients often suffer from acute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage??which causes a series of neurological deficits??such as disorders of consciousness??physical and cognitive deficits??and dysphagia. Early rehabilitation is benefical for minimizing sequelae of the primary injury??preventing secondary injury and complications??promoting rapid rehabilitation and maximizing positive outcomes. The manegement of consciousness disturbance and various neurological dysfunction is the most important in early rehabilitation.     

Personality disorders and nonfatal unintentional injuries among US adults

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between personality disorders and nonfatal unintentional injuries in a representative sample of US adults. METHODS: Data on self-reported nonfatal unintentional injuries during the 12 months before the interview were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analyzed; 43,093 adults > or = 18 years participated in the NESARC wave I survey in 2001-02. Personality disorders were determined using the NIAAA Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV. RESULTS: Individuals with at least one personality disorder had a significantly higher 12-month incidence of injuries than people without any personality disorder (p<0.001). After accounting for sociodemographic characteristics or other mental disorders, OR was 1.54 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.71) for individuals with one personality disorder and 1.80 (95% CI 1.58 to 2.05) for individuals with two or more personality disorders compared with people with no personality disorder. CONCLUSION: Personality disorders were associated with a significantly increased risk of unintentional injuries. This information has important implications for the treatment of patients with these disorders.     

The cost of childhood unintentional injuries and the value of prevention

Cost data are useful in comparing various health problems, assessing risks, setting research priorities, and selecting interventions that most efficiently reduce health burdens. Using analyses of national and state data sets, this article presents data on the frequency, costs, and quality-of-life losses associated with unintentional childhood injuries in 1996. The frequency, severity, potential for death and disability, and costs of unintentional injury make it a leading childhood health problem. Unintentional childhood injuries in 1996 resulted in an estimated $14 billion in lifetime medical spending, $1 billion in other resource costs, and $66 billion in present and future work losses. These injuries imposed quality-of-life losses equivalent to 92,400 child deaths. Since Medicaid and other government sources paid for 39% of the days children spent in hospitals due to unintentional injuries, the government has a financial interest in, and arguably a responsibility for, assuring the safety of disadvantaged children. Federal agencies, however, devote relatively few public dollars to injury prevention research and programming. Several proven child safety interventions cost less than the medical and other resource costs they save. Thus, governments, managed care companies, and third-party payers could save money by encouraging the routine use of selected child safety measures such as child safety seats, bicycle helmets, and smoke detectors. Yet, these and other proven injury prevention interventions are not universally implemented.     

Sequelae after unintentional injuries to children: an exploratory study

GOAL: To determine the frequency and categories of sequelae related to accidental injuries (of all types) in childhood, a prospective follow up study was conducted on a geographically defined population near Paris, France. METHODS: The study concerned all child residents of one health care district, aged under 15 years, and hospitalised in the two public hospitals of the district, and/or transported by mobile emergency units, after an accident, during a one year period (in 1981-82; n = 785). Initial severity was scored using the injury severity score (ISS). Sequelae were defined as established impairments (leading or not to disabilities), identified by physicians, reporting their clinical diagnosis or complaints by the child and/or the family. RESULTS: After a follow up period of 3.6-29.2 months after the accident, six children died and 78 (10%) were lost to follow up. Among the 701 others, 73 (10.4%) presented 80 sequelae, major (limiting daily activities) in 44 children (6.3%), with no gender difference. These increased significantly with age. The main causes of major sequelae were eye injuries and sports related injuries to the limbs. ISS did not correlate well with sequelae, but the maximum abbreviated injury scale appeared to be a better predictor of long term functional prognosis. CONCLUSION: Prospective follow up and population based studies are still needed, especially on children's injuries initially perceived as benign, such as most of the sports related injuries in our study.     

Preventing unintentional injuries in Indigenous children and youth in Canada

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in Canadian Indigenous children and youth, occurring at rates three to four times the national average. Death and disabling injuries not only devastate families and communities but take a heavy toll on health care resources. The lack of statistics, ongoing surveillance or injury prevention programs for Indigenous children and adolescents further compound human and health care costs. Indigenous communities are heterogeneous culturally, in terms of access to resources, and even as to risks and patterns of injury. Yet in general, they are far more likely to be poor, to have substandard housing and to have difficulty accessing health care, factors which increase the risk and impact of injury. There are urgent needs for injury surveillance, research, capacity-building, knowledge dissemination, as well as for injury prevention programs that focus on Indigenous populations. Effective injury prevention would involve multidisciplinary, collaborative and sustainable approaches based on best practices while being culturally and linguistically specific and sensitive.