IgA肾病蛋白尿与肾小管间质病理改变的关系

目的探讨蛋白尿与IgA肾病（IgAN）肾小管间质病理损伤的关系。方法经病理确诊为IgAN患者33例。以尿蛋白2．0g／d为界分为显著性蛋白尿组13例（39．40％），及非显著性蛋白尿组20例（60．60％）。肾小管间质病理损害情况分为无病变、轻度、中度及重度损害4种情况。比较两组病例各项临床指标的改变以及肾小管间质病理损伤程度与尿蛋白定量的关系。结果两组间临床指标比较除尿蛋白定量差异有显著性外。余项差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。肾小管间质病理损害程度与24h尿蛋白定量呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论IgAN蛋白尿可能是肾小管间质损害的重要因素之一，故对有显著蛋白尿的IgAN患者应给予积极有效的治疗。     

肾小管上皮细胞转分化与IgA肾病预后的相关性分析

目的 检测IgA肾病中肾小管上皮细胞转分化及小管间质纤维化程度,并探讨其与IgA肾病预后的相关性。 方法 选取74例IgA肾病患者的肾穿活检组织,分为3组：轻度系膜增生组（27例）、局灶增生组（28例）和增生硬化组（19例）。检测患者的血压、血清肌酐及24 h尿蛋白定量。采用免疫组化及Masson方法观察肾小管间质内α-SMA、Vimentin、TGF-β和胶原纤维的表达。 结果 IgA肾病患者的血压、血清肌酐及24 h尿蛋白定量随病理分级增加逐渐升高,增生硬化组患者的各项临床指标均显著高于轻度增生组和局灶增生组（P＜0.01),局灶增生组24 h尿蛋白定量与轻度增生组间差异有显著性（P＜0.01); IgA肾病小管间质α-SMA、Vimentin及TGF-β表达及表示纤维化程度的胶原纤维表达随分级增加逐渐增高,各组间有差异（P＜0.05或 P＜0.01)。IgA肾病组织中α-SMA、Vimentin、胶原纤维与临床指标血清肌酐、24 h尿蛋白定量中度相关（P＜0.05）, Vimentin与α-SMA、胶原纤维的表达均呈高度相关（P＜0.01)。　结论 IgA肾病中肾小管上皮细胞转分化程度与小管间质纤维化及肾功能异常具有相关性,肾小管上皮细胞转分化可能是肾脏预后不良的关键因素之一,ɑ-SMA和Vimentin的表达可能作为评估临床IgA肾病预后指标之一。     

血浆凝血酶敏感蛋白-1在肾间质纤维化中的表达

目的：观察不同时间点血浆凝血酶敏感蛋白-1（TSP-1）在蛋白超负荷肾病大鼠中的表达,分析其与肾小管间质纤维化的关系。方法：45只雄性SD大鼠右肾切除后,随机分成牛血清蛋白（BSA）组和对照组,BSA组大鼠予以腹腔注射牛血清白蛋白,对照组注射生理盐水。分别在第1,5,9周末,检测血常规及生化指标,各时相尿蛋白定量;肾组织行光镜、免疫荧光及电镜检查。采用免疫印迹法检测血浆TSP-1蛋白表达。分析血浆TSP-1表达与肾小管间质病理损害积分之间的相关性。结果：BSA组大鼠24 h尿蛋白定量和肾功能均较对照组有明显差异;肾小管间质病理积分和肾小球硬化指数明显增高;IgG荧光强度明显高于对照组;与对照组比较,BSA组大鼠血浆TSP-1蛋白均明显增高。BSA组血浆TSP-1的蛋白表达水平与肾小管间质病理积分呈正相关（r=0.836,P<0.01）。结论：血浆TSP-1与肾间质纤维化呈正相关,血浆TSP-1可能是临床判断肾间质纤维化程度的重要指标。     

IgA肾病小管间质损害的临床与病理研究

目的：探讨肾小管间质损害在IgA肾病的临床重要性。方法：分析201例IgA肾病的临床与病理资料。结果：IgA肾病伴有肾小管间质损害占86．1％，其中轻度损害占47．3％，中度损害占21．9％，重度损害占16．9％，无损害占13．9％。血压升高、尿蛋白定量增多及肾功能减迟是IgA肾病预后不良的临床因素。肾小球各项病理指标：血管损害、肾小球总体损害、系膜增殖程度及球性硬化的积分随着肾小管间质的损害程度增加，二者呈平行关系。结论：肾小管间质损害在IgA肾病病理改变中广泛存在。随着其损害程度的加重，IgA肾病的病情逐渐加重，提示肾小管间质损害是决定IgA肾病预后不良的关键因素之一。     

N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡糖苷酶在肾病早查中的临床意义

目的探讨N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡糖苷酶（NAG）检测在肾病早查中的临床意义。方法分析28例IgA肾病患者的临床及病理资料,探讨肾小球及间质病理损害程度与NAG的关系。结果肾小管间质损害情况：肾小管间质损害轻度者占46.43%,中重度者占32.14%,无肾小管间质损害者21.43%。肾小管间质损害与NAG的关系：肾小管间质损害中、重度者尿NAG酶（5.141±1.821）U/（mmol.cr）;小管间质损害轻度者尿NAG酶（1.659±1.485）U/（mmol.cr）;无肾小管间质损害者尿NAG酶（1.447±1.816）U/（mmol.cr）。小管间质中重度损害者同其他两组比较,其尿NAG酶有显著统计学差异,P〈0.05。结论 IgA肾病常合并小管间质损害,肾小管功能中尿NAG酶改变与肾脏小管间质损害程度成对应关系。     

肾小管间质损害在儿童IgA肾病中的临床意义

目的探讨肾小管间质损害在儿童IgA肾病中的临床意义。方法分析住院的IgA肾病患儿的临床与病理资料,探讨IgA肾病患儿的肾小管间质损害与临床、实验室指标及其他病理参数的关系。结果 98例符合IgA肾病诊断标准的患儿中,23例未见肾小管间质损害,56例患儿存在肾小管间质轻度损害,19例存在重度损害。与无肾小管间质损害的患儿比较,肾小管间质损害患儿的病情加重,表现为血清白蛋白水平下降和血肌酐及尿素氮水平增高(P<0.05)。病理可见随着肾小管间质损害程度的加重,肾小球损害程度亦加重,表现为肾小球硬化发生率逐渐增多,以及评价肾小球总体损害的积分逐渐增高(P<0.05)。结论 IgA肾病患儿的肾小管间质损害与肾小球病变程度相平行,随着肾小管间质损害程度的加重,IgA肾病患儿的病情亦逐渐加重,提示肾小管间质损害与肾小球病变直接相关,肾小管间质损害可能是影响儿童IgA肾病预后不良的因素之一。     

尿白介素-6水平与IgA肾病肾小球肾小管间质损伤的相关性

目的：探讨IgA肾病患者,尿内白介素-6（尿IL-6）水平与肾小球、小管间质损伤的相关性。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测本院肾内科50例IgA肾病患者及40例健康对照者尿的IL-6水平,并对IgA肾病组肾小球、小管间质病理损伤进行半定量评分。结果：IgA肾病组尿IL-6水平明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）;IgA肾病患者尿IL-6水平与24h尿蛋白定量（r=0．35,P〈0．05）、尿NAG酶／尿Cr（r=0．45,P〈0．01）呈正相关,并与肾脏病理中的肾小球慢性病变指数（r=0．32,P〈0．05）、肾间质炎症细胞浸润指数（r=0．28,P〈0．05）、肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化指数（r=0．41,P〈0．01）均呈正相关;尿IL-6水平与肾小球毛细血管袢活动性指数无关。结论：尿IL-6水平增高可以反映IgA肾病患者肾小球慢性病变、肾小管间质尤其是近端肾小管的损伤程度,对IgA肾病病情判断有临床意义。     

血尿酸/血肌酐比值对肾小管间质损害程度的评估价值

目的探讨血尿酸水平与肾小管间质损害程度的关系及血尿酸/血肌酐比值对肾小管间质损害程度的评估价值。方法共8种病理类型、1797例肾脏病患者入选,由于肾小管间质的评分方法不同,将患者分为IgA肾病组和非IgA肾病组,探讨肾脏病中血尿酸/血肌酐比值与肾小管间质损害程度的关系。结果血尿酸、血尿酸/血肌酐比值与肾小管间质损害程度相关(P0.001)。比值升高提示轻度小管间质损害,普通人群组、IgA肾病和非IgA肾病小管间质病变0分组的血尿酸/血肌酐比值分别为3.66±0.02、4.20±0.06、3.63±0.10;比值降低提示中重度小管间质损害,普通人群组、IgA肾病小管间质病变2分组、非IgA肾病小管间质病变3分组的血尿酸/血肌酐比值分别为3.66±0.02、2.97±0.17、0.98±0.06。结论血尿酸/血肌酐比值对肾小管间质损害程度的评估有参考价值,比值升高或降低时均提示出现小管间质病变。     

尿白介素-6水平与IgA肾病肾小管间质损伤的相关性研究

目的探讨IgA肾病患者尿自介素-6（尿IL-6）水平与肾小管间质损伤的相关性。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（EusA）检测50例IgA肾病患者及40例健康对照者尿IL-6水平,并对Igh肾病组肾小管间质病理损伤进行半定量评分。结果[gA肾病组尿IL-6水平明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）;IgA肾病患者尿IL-6水平与尿NAG酶,尿Cr呈正相关（r=0．45,P〈0．01）,并与肾脏病理中的肾间质炎症细胞浸润指数（r=0．28,P〈0．05）、肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化指数（r=0．41,P〈0．01）均呈正相关,还与IgA肾病肾小管间质损伤程度分级呈良好等级相关性。结论尿IL-6水平可以间接反映IgA肾病患者肾小管间质尤其是近端小管的损伤程度。     

Clinical value of serum uric acid/serum creatinine ratio for the degree of tubulointerstitial damage

目的 探讨血尿酸水平与肾小管间质损害程度的关系及血尿酸/血肌酐比值对肾小管间质损害程度的评估价值.方法 共8种病理类型、1797例肾脏病患者入选,由于肾小管间质的评分方法不同,将患者分为IgA肾病组和非IgA肾病组,探讨肾脏病中血尿酸/血肌酐比值与肾小管间质损害程度的关系.结果 血尿酸、血尿酸/血肌酐比值与肾小管间质损害程度相关(P＜ 0.001).比值升高提示轻度小管间质损害,普通人群组、IgA肾病和非IgA肾病小管间质病变0分组的血尿酸/血肌酐比值分别为3.66±0.02、4.20±0.06、3.63±0.10;比值降低提示中重度小管间质损害,普通人群组、IgA肾病小管间质病变2分组、非IgA肾病小管间质病变3分组的血尿酸/血肌酐比值分别为3.66+0.02、2.97±0.17、0.98±0.06.结论 血尿酸/血肌酐比值对肾小管间质损害程度的评估有参考价值,比值升高或降低时均提示出现小管间质病变.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.