手术联合~(131)I治疗分化型甲状腺癌疗效探讨

目的探讨手术联合131I对分化型甲状腺癌的治疗效果。方法将160例分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者根据术后是否接受131I治疗分为观察组与对照组各80例。观察组给予手术+放射性131I治疗,对照组给予手术+优甲乐治疗,观察两组治疗情况。结果观察组首次"清甲"成功率为71.3%,甲状腺全切者首次"清甲"成功率显著高于次全切者(P<0.01)。术后131I治疗对颈部淋巴结转移患者总有效率为95.3%,肺转移患者为82.6%,骨转移患者为64.3%。服用131I后1周内不良反应发生率为38.8%(31/80),其中甲状腺全切者不良反应发生率显著低于次全切者(P<0.05)。随访至今,观察组复发转移发生率与患者存活率均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论手术+131I治疗DTC可在术后有效清除残留甲状腺组织及残留的微小癌,同时可对颈部淋巴结转移及肺转移灶进行治疗,可降低复发及转移率,远期效果较好。     

131I显像中因鼻环引起的甲状腺转移癌假阳性

一例女性患者,20岁,一年前确诊为甲状腺滤泡癌并接受了甲状腺全切术,一年后行131I全身扫描随访。     

185MBq 131I全身诊断扫描后无甲状腺"眩晕"现象

目的 :研究 1 31　 I治疗前 72 h作 185 MBq1 31　 I全身诊断扫描是否会出现甲状腺“眩晕”现象 (即一定诊断剂量 1 31　 I抑制残留甲状腺组织或功能性转移灶对其后治疗剂量 1 31 　 I的吸收 )。方法 :回顾性研究 1990年 2月至 1996年 12月间因残留甲状腺癌或甲状腺癌转移接受 1 31 　 I治疗的甲状腺癌症患者12 2例 (男 30例 ,女 92例 ,年龄 17～ 80岁 ,平均 41岁 )。组织学分类 :96例乳头癌 (79% )、5例滤泡癌 (4 % )、16例乳头 -滤泡混合癌 (13% )和 5例许特尔细胞癌 (4 % )。10 7例患者行甲状腺次全切除术 ,15例行甲状腺叶切除术。术…     

甲状腺癌术后患者纵隔浓聚131I的临床分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)手术及131I治疗后患者全身扫描(RxWBS)示纵隔浓聚131I的影像学特征.方法 收集1998-2004年收治的331例DTC术后患者共1183次131I治疗后5～7 d的RxWBS图像,所有患者至少接受2次131I治疗,结合甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)测定、其他影像学检查及临床随访结果分析纵隔浓聚131I的影像学特征及原因.结果 331例患者中最终诊断为纵隔浓聚131I者共34例,其RxWBS主要表现为纵隔点状、团块状、哑铃状或弥漫性放射性浓聚灶.其中甲状腺癌转移者21例,残留甲状腺组织8例,其余5例胸腺摄取131I患者年龄均＜45岁.结论 DTC术后患者纵隔浓聚131I可归因于甲状腺癌转移灶、甲状腺组织及胸腺摄取等.胸腺摄取131I是45岁以下甲状腺癌术后患者RxWBS假阳性的重要原因之一,血清Tg测定及131I SPECT/CT、CT增强扫描、MRI等有助于明确诊断.     

分化型甲状腺癌术后131I清甲效果的影响因素

利用131I清除甲状腺癌术后残留甲状腺组织(清甲)是分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后治疗中的重要步骤.清甲效果受诸多因素影响,包括口服131I的剂量、DTC的手术方式、术后甲状腺组织残留量、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)与甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)水平、有无淋巴结及远处转移、手术距13I治疗时间的长短等.使用较大剂量131I进行清甲、采取甲状腺全切或近全切除术方式、131I治疗前较高水平的TSH,以及术后及时开始131I治疗等有助于提高清甲成功率.131I治疗前患者血清Tg水平偏高或存在转移灶,应适当加大131I治疗剂量.患者性别、年龄、病理类型等对清甲成功与否无明显影响.     

手术联合131Ⅰ治疗分化型甲状腺癌疗效探讨

目的 探讨手术联合131Ⅰ对分化型甲状腺癌的治疗效果.方法 将160例分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者根据术后是否接受131Ⅰ治疗分为观察组与对照组各80例.观察组给予手术+放射性131Ⅰ治疗,对照组给予手术+优甲乐治疗,观察两组治疗情况.结果 观察组首次“清甲”成功率为71.3％,甲状腺全切者首次“清甲”成功率显著高于次全切者(P＜0.01).术后131Ⅰ治疗对颈部淋巴结转移患者总有效率为95.3％,肺转移患者为82.6％,骨转移患者为64.3％.服用131Ⅰ后1周内不良反应发生率为38.8％(31/80),其中甲状腺全切者不良反应发生率显著低于次全切者(P＜0.05).随访至今,观察组复发转移发生率与患者存活率均显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 手术+131Ⅰ治疗DTC可在术后有效清除残留甲状腺组织及残留的微小癌,同时可对颈部淋巴结转移及肺转移灶进行治疗,可降低复发及转移率,远期效果较好.     

儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌的临床特征及^131I治疗分析

目的探讨儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）的特征及评价^131I治疗的疗效及安全性。方法共38例儿童及青少年DTC患者,平均年龄16．4岁,男10例,女28例,男女比例为1：2．8;其中37例为乳头状癌,1例为滤泡状癌。所有患者均伴有淋巴结转移,其中单纯淋巴结转移21例,合并肺转移15例,同时合并脑转移和骨转移2例。23例行双侧甲状腺全切除,7例行甲状腺次全切除,5例行单叶甲状腺切除,2例行部分甲状腺切除,1例行单纯肿瘤切除。所有患者术后均接受^131I治疗,并进行随访。结果^131I治疗后随访1—17年,无瘤生存14例,病情明显缓解16例,病情稳定8例。所有患者未出现新的转移及继发肿瘤。结论儿童及青少年DTC易转移及复发,术后行^131I治疗安全有效,可明显改善患者生存质量。     

乳腺摄取~(131)I的甲状腺癌活检证实为良性病变

1例29岁女性患者,体检发现甲状腺结节,诊断为乳头状甲状腺癌,做了甲状腺次全切除,术后给予甲状腺素抑制治疗。术后6年颈部又出现包块,99m　Tc甲状腺显像显示右锁骨上部有多个放射性浓聚区,提示为残留甲状腺组织,肿瘤复发和转移。给予131　I去除治疗后7个月仍有结节存在,患者又相继做了两次手术,131　I扫描及血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)随访阴性。9个月后,131　I全身扫描证实双侧前胸部有放射性浓聚,胸部骨显像正常,血清Tg为2.6ng/ml,促甲状腺激素56.5mIU/ml,泌乳素19.9ng/ml,为轻度升高;无泌乳,乳腺检查正常,无结节;胸部X线片正常,双侧乳腺造…     

甲状腺分化癌随访中停止甲状腺抑制治疗后低水平的血清Tg

作者研究了224例甲状腺癌患者(其中乳头状癌占59%,分化良好的滤泡癌占20%,分化中等程度的滤泡癌占21%)停止抑制治疗后血清Tg(甲状腺球蛋白)变化的意义.全部病人(均选择血循环中无抗Tg抗体的病人,以避免干扰Tg的测定)经甲状腺全部切除或全切后接受了一或几个疗程的~(1?1)I治疗后停止甲状腺抑制治疗(T_4停服1个月,T_3,停服两周),     

分化型甲状腺癌肺转移灶早期显影与^131I疗效关系分析

目的探讨DTC肺转移患者首次应用^131I清除甲状腺组织（简称清甲）时肺转移灶显像与^131I治疗效果的关系,及影响肺转移灶早期显影的因素。方法回顾分析1997至2009年41例DTC肺转移患者清甲治疗时肺转移灶显影情况,评价^131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效。疗效评价分临床治愈、好转和无效。前两者为治疗有效。采用SPSS11．5软件,对有效率、有无远处转移、显像特点进行,检验及交叉分类2×2列联表关联分析。结果41例患者中8例为临床治愈,18例好转,有效率63％（26／41）,14例无效,1例患者死亡,无效率37％（15／41）。清甲治疗时肺部转移灶显影患者^131I治疗有效率76％（22／29）,随访和重复治疗中显影患者^131I治疗有效率为33％（4／12）,两者差异有统计学意义0,2=4．911,P=0．027）;肺转移灶^131I摄取呈弥漫性或局灶性,两者间有效率分别为67％（12／18）和61％（14／23）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．146,P=0．702）;肺外有远处转移者^131I治疗DTC肺转移灶有效率为22％（2／9）,无远处转移者有效率为75％（24／32）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6．312,P=0．012）;83％（24／29）行甲状腺全切的患者在首次清甲治疗时即有肺转移灶显影,而行甲状腺部分切除患者中仅有42％（5／12）,甲状腺手术方式与肺转移灶早期显影有相关性（r=0．411,P〈0．05）;乳头状癌和滤泡状癌患者中首次清甲治疗时肺转移灶早期显影患者分别为72％（23／32）和6／9,病理分型和肺转移灶显影早晚无关（r=0．047,P〉0．05）。结论DTC肺转移患者清甲治疗时转移灶显影阳性、无肺外远处转移灶者的^131I疗效好。     

甲状腺乳头状癌术后刺激状态Tg与颈部淋巴结转移关系的研究

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）患者术后刺激状态甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）与颈部淋巴结转移的关系。 方法 45例PTC患者行甲状腺全切或近全切并行颈部淋巴结清扫术,根据是否存在淋巴结转移分为L₁和L₀ 2组,检测术后刺激状态Tg水平,采用统计学软件对数据进行t检验及相关性分析。 结果 2组患者的年龄（t=-0.675,P > 0.05）、性别（χ2=1.20,P > 0.05）差异无统计学意义,术后刺激状态Tg水平差异有统计学意义（t=4.167,P < 0.01）。L₁组术后刺激状态Tg水平与颈部淋巴结转移水平呈正相关（r=0.676,P < 0.01）。 结论 PTC患者术后刺激状态Tg水平与颈部淋巴结转移关系密切,是评价PTC术后131I治疗疗效及判断预后的重要指标。     

颈部超声在分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗中的应用进展

分化型甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率呈逐年上升的趋势.其中,乳头状癌易发生颈部淋巴结转移.超声和超声引导下细针穿刺在颈部淋巴结转移检测方面具有很高的灵敏度和特异度.准确判断颈部淋巴结的性质对决定是否再次手术或131I治疗,以及131I治疗后的随访均有重要意义.     

Incidental multifocal papillary microcarcinomas of the thyroid: is subtotal thyroidectomy combined with radioiodine ablation enough?

BACKGROUND: The extent of thyroid resection and the necessity of lymph node dissection has become an issue of controversy in patients with incidental multifocal papillary microcarcinoma. METHOD: Between 1993 and 2001 a total of 4120 patients underwent surgery for thyroid diseases: 142 patients showed papillary thyroid cancer of < or = 1 cm, multifocal microcarcinomas were found in 22 patients (15.5%). Twenty patients (17 women, three men, aged 26-71 years) met the inclusion criterion of having pre- and intraoperatively no indication of malignancy (incidentaloma). A limited surgical procedure ranging from bilateral subtotal (n=15), ipsilateral total, contralateral subtotal (n=4) to bilateral total (n=1) thyroidectomy without lymph node dissection was performed. The mean volume of thyroid remnants was 4.3 ml. RESULTS: In 16/20 (80%) patients, the thyroid remnant was ablated by the first dose of 131I, using 3.7 GBq 131I in 15 patients and 1.85 GBq 131I in one patient. Three patients received a second, and one patient a third radioiodine ablation. All 20 patients remained free from relapse or metastasis, documented by negative 131I whole-body scintigraphy and unmeasurable thyroglobulin levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal in hypothyroidism. One patient died 7 years after the diagnosis of thyroid cancer from primary lung cancer. Median follow-up was 65 months (range, 24-120 months). CONCLUSION: Subtotal thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy without completion thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy is a possible option in incidental multifocal microcarcinomas.     

The role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy in the planning of therapy and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scan in planning post-surgical therapy and follow-up in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Four groups of DTC patients were considered: Group 1 comprised 122 patients with high serum thyroglobulin (s-Tg) levels and negative high-dose iodine-131 scan during follow-up who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment. Group 2 consisted of 27 patients who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment but were now considered disease-free; this group was considered as controls. Group 3 comprised 49 patients studied after total thyroidectomy but prior to 131I scan. Finally, group 4 consisted of 21 patients who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy alone. MIBI scan, neck ultrasonography (US), and s-Tg measurements during suppressive hormonal therapy (SHT) were obtained in all patients. Neck and chest computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in group 1 patients. In group 1, MIBI scan and US were very sensitive in detecting cervical lymph node metastases (93.54% and 89.24%, respectively). Furthermore, MIBI scan and US played a complementary role in several patients, yielding a global sensitivity of 97.84%. In contrast, CT/MRI sensitivity for cervical lymph node metastases was very low (43.01%). MIBI scan also showed a higher sensitivity than CT/MRI in detecting mediastinal lymph node metastases (100% vs 57.89%). Regarding distant metastases, MIBI scan provided results similar to those of conventional imaging (CT, MRI, 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan). In group 2, no false-positive cases were observed with MIBI scan (100% specificity). In group 3, MIBI scan correctly identified all the 131I-positive metastatic foci, except in two patients with micronodular pulmonary metastases that were visualised with 131I scan. In contrast, both MIBI scan and US showed low sensitivity (46.15% and 61.53%, respectively) compared with 131I scan in detecting thyroid remnants. s-Tg was increased in all patients with distant metastases but only in 56% of those with lymph node metastases. Furthermore, s-Tg was increased in 21.42% of patients with thyroid remnants alone (false-positive results). In group 4, MIBI scan was the only examination capable of detecting at an early stage a mediastinal lymph node metastasis in one patient. We conclude that the integrated MIBI scan/neck US protocol: (a) can be proposed as a first-line diagnostic procedure in the follow-up of DTC patients with high s-Tg levels and negative high-dose 131I scan, and (b) may be helpful in the follow-up of DTC patients who undergo partial thyroidectomy alone. Moreover, the combined MIBI scan/neck US/s-Tg protocol appears to be highly sensitive in identifying patients with metastatic disease after total thyroidectomy and prior to 1311 scan; consequently, it may play a prognostic role in distinguishing high-risk from low-risk DTC patients. However, due to the low sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in detecting thyroid remnants, this diagnostic approach cannot be used as a predictor of 131I scan results. Lastly, because of the high sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in revealing both functioning and non-functioning metastases, this integrated protocol might be helpful in the follow-up of high-risk DTC patients, particularly for the early detection of lymph node metastases in patients with undetectable s-Tg during SHT.     

131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌术后患者疗效影响因素研究

目的 探讨影响分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术后首次131I清除残留甲状腺组织（简称清甲）疗效和多次131I治疗转移灶（清灶）疗效的因素。方法回顾性分析首次接受大剂量清甲治疗的患者46例（分为成功组与未成功组）资料、多次清灶治疗的患者40例（分为临床缓解组和未缓解组）资料,对数据进行t检验、t’检验、X^2检验或Fisher确切概率法筛选影响因素,并做Logistic回归分析。结果用单因素分析筛选出手术方式、残余甲状腺质量、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平、手术至清甲治疗时间和存在转移灶是影响清甲效果的因素（X2=5．804、t’=-5．258、t=7．376、X^2=8．867、X2=8．615,P均〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析得到的清甲成功的拟合方程为Y=3．766—0．947x,（残余甲状腺质量）-3．149x：（淋巴结转移）-3．373x,（远处转移）。对临床缓解率行单因素分析显示：甲状腺乳头状癌显著高于甲状腺滤泡状癌,仅有淋巴转移灶显著高于有远处转移灶,甲状腺全切显著高于其他手术方式（Fisher确切概率法,X。=7．278,P〈0．05）;首次131I治疗前,临床缓解组的TSH水平明显高于未缓解组,甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）水平明显低于未缓解组（t=4．489、t=-4．906,P均〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析得到清灶成功拟合方程为：Y=-0．363＋0．065x4（TSH水平）-0．250x5（Tg水平）。结论DTC患者首次清甲疗效的影响因素有手术方式、残余甲状腺质量、TSH、手术至清甲治疗时间和有无转移灶;其中残留甲状腺组织少、无淋巴结转移和无远处转移是提高成功率的关键因素。DTC患者清灶疗效的影响因素包括病理类型、手术方式、转移灶的部位、TSH和Tg;其中首次131I治疗前有较高水平的TSH和较低水平的强是提搞缓解率的关键因素。     

Hürthle cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of thirteen cases

BACKGROUND: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) of the thyroid is a variant of follicular cancer which has been considered by many as a more aggressive disease than the usual well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. AIM: To investigate the clinico-pathologic characteristics, treatment and outcome of Hürthle cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During a 7-year period, 13 patients (seven male, six female; mean age at diagnosis 48.4+/-13.2 years) with HCC were treated and monitored at the Ankara University. The measured diameter of the tumours varied from 1 to 6 cm in diameter with pathological examination. Three of the HCC had extra thyroid invasion, five had intrathyroid invasion, and five were encapsulated. One of the patients had a history of low-dose external radiation to the head and neck in childhood. Treatment consisted of a total thyroidectomy in 12 patients, and a near total thyroidectomy in one patient. At surgery, lymph node metastases were present in three patients and lymph node dissection were performed in these patients. Distant metastases were detected in only one patient (lung metastasis). RESULTS: All patients had radioiodine ablation therapy for residual thyroid tissue. Twelve of the 13 patients were ablated with a single dose of 131 I (3.7-5.5 GBq). A second dose of radioiodine therapy was required in only one patient who had lung metastases and this patient is still being followed up. After a median follow-up period of 85 months, there was no recorded mortality due to the disease and 12/13 of the patients were categorized as disease free (criteria for ablation were a negative I whole-body scan and very low serum thyroglobulin levels). CONCLUSION: We did not find higher incidences of local recurrences, distant metastases or mortality rates compared to well differentiated thyroid carcinomas. HCC of the thyroid and well differentiated thyroid carcinomas have similar biological behaviour. Their treatment should be similar, including total or near-total thyroidectomy plus modified cervical node dissection when there is lymph node involvement. Radioactive iodine therapy and suppressive laevothyroxin therapy should follow.     

Overtherapy or undertherapy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma? Therapeutic considerations for radioiodine ablation

Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas 相似文献   

The role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy in the planning of therapy and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scan in planning post-surgical therapy and follow-up in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Four groups of DTC patients were considered: Group 1 comprised 122 patients with high serum thyroglobulin (s-Tg) levels and negative high-dose iodine-131 scan during follow-up who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and ¹³¹I treatment. Group 2 consisted of 27 patients who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and ¹³¹I treatment but were now considered disease-free; this group was considered as controls. Group 3 comprised 49 patients studied after total thyroidectomy but prior to ¹³¹I scan. Finally, group 4 consisted of 21 patients who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy alone. MIBI scan, neck ultrasonography (US), and s-Tg measurements during suppressive hormonal therapy (SHT) were obtained in all patients. Neck and chest computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in group 1 patients. In group 1, MIBI scan and US were very sensitive in detecting cervical lymph node metastases (93.54% and 89.24%, respectively). Furthermore, MIBI scan and US played a complementary role in several patients, yielding a global sensitivity of 97.84%. In contrast, CT/MRI sensitivity for cervical lymph node metastases was very low (43.01%). MIBI scan also showed a higher sensitivity than CT/MRI in detecting mediastinal lymph node metastases (100% vs 57.89%). Regarding distant metastases, MIBI scan provided results similar to those of conventional imaging (CT, MRI, ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan). In group 2, no false-positive cases were observed with MIBI scan (100% specificity). In group 3, MIBI scan correctly identified all the ¹³¹I-positive metastatic foci, except in two patients with micronodular pulmonary metastases that were visualised with ¹³¹I scan. In contrast, both MIBI scan and US showed low sensitivity (46.15% and 61.53%, respectively) compared with ¹³¹I scan in detecting thyroid remnants. s-Tg was increased in all patients with distant metastases but only in 56% of those with lymph node metastases. Furthermore, s-Tg was increased in 21.42% of patients with thyroid remnants alone (false-positive results). In group 4, MIBI scan was the only examination capable of detecting at an early stage a mediastinal lymph node metastasis in one patient. We conclude that the integrated MIBI scan/neck US protocol: (a) can be proposed as a first-line diagnostic procedure in the follow-up of DTC patients with high s-Tg levels and negative high-dose ¹³¹I scan, and (b) may be helpful in the follow-up of DTC patients who undergo partial thyroidectomy alone. Moreover, the combined MIBI scan/neck US/s-Tg protocol appears to be highly sensitive in identifying patients with metastatic disease after total thyroidectomy and prior to ¹³¹I scan; consequently, it may play a prognostic role in distinguishing high-risk from low-risk DTC patients. However, due to the low sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in detecting thyroid remnants, this diagnostic approach cannot be used as a predictor of ¹³¹I scan results. Lastly, because of the high sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in revealing both functioning and non-functioning metastases, this integrated protocol might be helpful in the follow-up of high-risk DTC patients, particularly for the early detection of lymph node metastases in patients with undetectable s-Tg during SHT. Received 21 October and in revised form 20 December 1999     

131I SPECT/CT在分化型甲状腺癌术后淋巴结转移中应用价值的研究进展

分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）是最常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,早期易发生淋巴结转移。131I全身显像联合SPECT/CT（简称131I SPECT/CT）常可发现残留和（或）漏诊的淋巴结转移灶,可能会改变患者的术后再分期及危险度分层,从而影响后续的手术或131I治疗的方式选择。131I治疗是DTC术后颈部淋巴结转移的有效治疗方法之一,而131I SPECT/CT可以诊断淋巴结转移灶。笔者对131I SPECT/CT在DTC术后淋巴结转移的诊断及治疗中的应用价值进行综述。