hTERT反义寡核苷酸对HL-60细胞凋亡及细胞周期的影响

目的：研究hTERT基因反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对HL-60细胞诱导凋亡作用及细胞周期的影响.方法：应用hTERT ASODN封闭HL-60细胞hTERT基因,RT-PCR方法检测目的基因的表达;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期分析,TUNEL方法检测细胞凋亡,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测凋亡细胞DNA梯带.结果：hTERT ASODN作用细胞72h后,hTERT基因表达明显受到抑制（P＜0.01）.流式细胞仪检测显示：ASODN组细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,S、G2/M期细胞减少（P＜0.05）;细胞增殖指数（PI）明显降低（P＜0.05）;检测出早期凋亡峰.Annexin V/PI检测及TUNEL检测均显示：ASODN组凋亡细胞阳性率明显高于SODN组（P＜0.01）.琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示：ASODN组出现凋亡DNA梯带.结论：hTERT ASODN能够封闭目的基因表达,阻滞HL-60细胞于G0/G1期,并诱导细胞凋亡,对治疗白血病具有潜在应用价值.     

不同剂量三氧化二砷对食管癌细胞的作用

目的：研究不同浓度As2O3对食管癌细胞系的作用。方法：食管恶性转化上皮细胞（SHEEC1）是我室用人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）18和TPA诱发的细胞,养在培养瓶和24孔板,用浓度1,3和5μmol/L的As2O3处理2,4,8,16,24h,电镜检查细胞形态,光镜检查核分裂指数（MI）;用放射自显影检查[^3H]-TdR掺入细胞,流式细胞仪查增殖指数（PI）和凋亡指数（AI）。结果：低剂量As2O3（1．0μmol/L)组^3H]-TdR掺入细胞,MI,PI皆增加,提示SHEEC1增殖率提高;高剂量组（3和5μmol/L)高AI和低PI,给药24h后,电镜可见细胞凋亡和坏死。结论：不同剂量氧化砷的作用不同,低剂量可引起食管癌细胞DNA合成增加和促进细胞增殖,高剂量则引起细胞凋亡和坏死。     

葛根总黄酮诱导白血病细胞株凋亡及其分子机制的研究

 目的　探讨葛根总黄酮（PR）对慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）细胞株K562和急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）细胞株NB4细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法　采用MTT法检测PR对K562细胞、NB4细胞的增殖抑制率;光学显微镜及荧光显微镜观察细胞形态改变;Hoechest33258荧光染色AnnexinV／PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率;DNA PI染色法分析细胞周期及亚二倍体峰。Western blot分别检测NB4细胞JNK、PARP、bcl-2、Caspase3,K562细胞bcr-abl、p53、bcl-2、Fas／FasL蛋白表达的变化。结果　12.5～200 μg／ml PR均能抑制K562、NB4细胞增殖。光学显微镜及荧光显微镜下观察到核固缩、凋亡小体等典型的细胞凋亡改变;Annexin V+／PI-细胞呈时间-剂量依赖性增加;DNA PI染色法发现细胞亚二倍体比例增加,G1期比例下降、S期比例增加。PR呈时间-剂量依赖性抑制K562细胞、NB4细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。不同浓度PR干预后K562细胞bcr-abl蛋白水平呈浓度依赖性下调（F＝18.74,P＜0.05）,而bcl-2则无明显变化;p53 表达呈浓度依赖性上调;Fas／FasL 表达无明显变化。NB4细胞JNK、PARP及Caspase 3蛋白表达与PR浓度呈正相关,与凋亡抑制蛋白bcl-2则呈负相关（F＝42.32,P＜0.05）。结论　PR能有效抑制K562、NB4细胞增殖,阻滞细胞周期进程,诱导细胞凋亡,但分子机制不同。提示一定浓度PR具有较广谱的抗白血病效应。     

QRICH1介导NF-κB p65调控Bcl-2、Bax在砷致肝癌细胞凋亡中的作用研究

目的:探讨砷（AS）诱导肝癌细胞凋亡过程中QRICH1通过调控NF-κB p65表达水平调控Bcl-2、Bax的作用机制。方法:体外培养人的肝癌细胞(HepG2细胞）,采用慢病毒转染的方式,构建过表达/敲低QRICH1稳定表达HepG2细胞株。分为对照组、加砷组、砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组、砷+QRICH1过表达组、砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组、砷＋QRICH1敲低组。在细胞对数生长期时,加入40 μmol/L 亚砷酸钠（NaAsO2）作为终浓度处理24 h。对照组加入与NaAsO2同等体积的磷酸缓冲盐溶液（PBS）处理。采用细胞计数（CCK-8）检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡情况;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测各组细胞QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平。结果:CCK-8结果显示与对照组比较,砷处理组增殖率比例明显降低（P<0.05）;与砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1过表达组细胞增殖率明显上升（P＜0.05）,与砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1敲低组细胞增殖率明显下降（P＜0.05）,差异具有统计学意义。流式细胞术结果显示与对照组比较,砷处理组总凋亡率比例明显升高（P＜0.05）;与砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1过表达组细胞总凋亡率比例明显下降（P＜0.05）,与砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1敲低组细胞总凋亡率比例明显上升（P＜0.05）。蛋白免疫印迹法结果显示与对照组比较,砷处理组QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2蛋白表达水平较低,Bax的蛋白表达水平较高（P＜0.05）。与砷+QRICH1过表达阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1过表达组QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2蛋白表达水平较高,Bax的蛋白表达水平较低（P＜0.05）。与砷+QRICH1敲低阴性对照组比较,砷+QRICH1敲低组QRICH1、NF-κB p65及Bcl-2蛋白表达水平较低,Bax的蛋白表达水平较高（P＜0.05）,差异具有统计学意义。结论:砷致HepG2凋亡过程中,QRICH1通过调节NF-κB p65的表达,进而影响了Bcl-2、Bax的表达。提示QRICH1可能是促进肝癌细胞凋亡的潜在作用靶点。     

去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗对大鼠肝癌细胞凋亡和细胞增殖相关基因表达影响的研究

目的：探讨去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗对大鼠肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡相关基因表达的影响。方法：89只肝癌大鼠随机分组后，分别经肝动脉注入生理盐水，去甲斑蝥素，空白微球，去甲斑蝥素加碘油，去甲斑蝥素微球。治疗后每组取8只观察生存时间，治疗后第8天处死余下大鼠，取肿瘤组织采用TUNEL标记法检测细胞凋亡指数，免疫组化SP法检测肝癌组织caspase-3，bcl-2，Ki67的表达。结果：治疗后N-MS（去甲斑蝥微球）组大鼠生存期明显长于其他各组（P〈0．01）。NMS组凋亡指数和caspase-3阳性率均高于其他各组（P〈0．01）；NMS组bcl-2阳性率和Ki67表达率低于其他各组（P〈0．01）。结论：去甲斑蝥素微球介入治疗能够延长肝癌大鼠的生存期；其介入治疗肝癌的机制与抑制Ki-67、bcl-2基因表达，上调caspase-3表达，从而抑制肝癌细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡有关。     

芬太尼对人肝癌细胞bel-7404生长与凋亡的影响

目的探讨芬太尼对人肝癌细胞bel-7404生长及凋亡的影响。方法体外培养人肝癌bel-7404细胞,分F1、F2、F13、F4,4个实验组和1个对照组,实验组分别在RPMI-1640培养液中加入5ng／ml（F1）、50ng／ml（F2）、500ng／ml（F3）、5000ng／ml（F4）芬太尼,对照组不加芬太尼,所有样本孵育24h后,用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学改变,应用MTT法和克隆形成实验检测细胞的增殖活性,应用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率与细胞周期。结果各实验组人肝癌bel-7404细胞MTT和克隆形成率明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,细胞凋亡百分比显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。芬太尼浓度≥50ng／ml时,随着浓度的增加,凋亡率逐渐增高,细胞周期中G0／G1期比例逐渐增加,S期细胞比例逐渐减少,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论芬太尼可剂量依赖性抑制人肝癌细胞bel-7404的生长,干扰肝癌细胞增殖周期,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡。     

葛根总黄酮对骨髓瘤细胞株U266及RPMI8226增殖作用的研究

 【摘要】　目的　初步探讨葛根总黄酮（PRF）对骨髓瘤细胞株U266及RPMI 8226增殖影响及其机制。方法　采用0、10、30、50、100 μg／ml PRF分别处理U266、RPMI 8226细胞 48 h及72 h,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化,瑞特染色观察细胞形态学改变,FITC-Annexin V／PI双染法检测细胞早期凋亡率改变,DNA片段化分析观察PRF处理U266细胞DNA断裂片段。结果　PRF可以抑制2种骨髓瘤细胞增殖,对U266细胞抑制作用大于对RPMI 8226细胞的作用,呈浓度依赖性;随PRF浓度增加2种细胞凋亡比例增加。瑞特染色未观察到2种细胞凋亡形态学特征。0、10、30、50、100 μg／ml PRF 处理U266细胞48 h早期凋亡率分别为（3.20±0.36）%、（5.20±0.92）%、（7.30±1.22）%、（8.10±0.53）%、（10.80±0.90）%,呈剂量依赖性增高,组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。DNA片段化分析U266细胞未出现凋亡细胞特有的DNA梯带。结论　一定浓度PRF对骨髓瘤U266及RPMI 8226细胞具有较明显的增殖抑制作用;PRF对U266细胞增殖抑制作用机制虽可能与凋亡相关,但并非U266细胞增殖受抑的主要途径,其确切机制有待进一步探讨。     

穿心莲内酯通过抑制PI3K/AKT通路对人肝癌HEPG2细胞凋亡的影响

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨穿心莲内酯通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶 B（AKT）通路对人肝癌细胞凋亡的影响。［方法］ 将人肝癌细胞株HEPG2分为对照组、低浓度穿心莲内酯组、中浓度穿心莲内酯组、高浓度穿心莲内酯组,低、中、高浓度穿心莲内酯组分别加入培养基稀释的终浓度为10、30、50 μmol/L的穿心莲内酯,对照组加入等剂量的培养基。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测各组HEPG2细胞增殖率,流式细胞术检测各组HEPG2细胞凋亡率,Western blot法检测各组HEPG2细胞PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达水平。［结果］低浓度穿心莲内酯组HEPG2细胞增殖率及PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达水平较对照组明显下降（Q=2.942、9.836、6.348,P＜0.05）;中浓度穿心莲内酯组HEPG2细胞增殖率及PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达水平较低浓度穿心莲内酯组明显下降（Q=2.942、13.832、10.691,P＜0.05）;高浓度穿心莲内酯组HEPG2细胞增殖率及PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达水平较中浓度穿心莲内酯组明显下降（Q=13.411、19.058、16.371,P＜0.05）。低浓度穿心莲内酯组HEPG2细胞凋亡率较对照组明显升高（Q=83.662,P<0.05）;中浓度穿心莲内酯组HEPG2细胞凋亡率较低浓度穿心莲内酯组明显升高（Q=147.267,P<0.05）;高浓度穿心莲内酯组HEPG2细胞凋亡率较中浓度穿心莲内酯组明显升高（Q=241.925,P<0.05）。［结论］ 穿心莲内酯可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT通路抑制人肝癌细胞增殖,促进人肝癌细胞凋亡,可为临床治疗肝癌提供新方向。     

苦参碱对人类肝癌细胞HepG2增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响

 目的　探讨苦参碱（MT）对人类肝癌细胞株HepG2增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响。方法　用不同质量浓度的MT（0.0125、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 g／L）对培养的HepG2细胞作用不同时间（24、48、72 h）,用四氮噻唑蓝（MTT） 比色法检测MT对细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞术（FCM）检测MT对HepG2细胞周期及凋亡的影响。结果　质量浓度≥0.1 g／L的MT有抑制HepG2细胞增殖的作用,且作用随药物质量浓度的增加及时间的延长而加强（P＜0.01）。FCM检测分析显示,0.8 g／L MT作用48 h能将HepG2细胞阻滞在G1期[（75.3±6.5）%对（64.1±6.3）%]（P＜0.05）,1.6 g／L MT作用48 h能将HepG2细胞阻滞在G2期[（29.1±9.1）%对（11.6±2.1）%]（P＜0.01）。0.4、0.8、1.6 g／L MT作用12、24、48 h对HepG2细胞都有诱导凋亡作用,且作用随药物质量浓度的增加及作用时间的延长而加强（P＜0.01）。结论　MT能够抑制HepG2细胞的增殖、诱导其凋亡并影响其细胞周期,呈时间和剂量依赖性。MT抗肝癌的机制可能与影响肝癌细胞周期、抑制细胞增殖及诱导凋亡有关。     

孕激素对人宫颈癌细胞株Hela细胞体外增殖、凋亡的影响

[目的]探讨孕激素对人宫颈癌细胞株Hela细胞体外增殖及凋亡的影响.[方法]体外培养Hela细胞,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法观察不同浓度孕酮对细胞增殖的作用,流式细胞仪及流式细胞仪间接免疫荧光技术检测其细胞周期、细胞凋亡率及细胞内bcl-2蛋白的表达,光、电镜观察其形态学和超微结构变化.[结果]当孕酮浓度为0.10μmol/L～10.00umol/L时,对细胞生长有明显的抑制作用(P＜0.01),并具有剂量依赖性.流式细胞仪分析,实验组G0/G1期上升,S期下降,凋亡率上升,细胞内bcl-2蛋白表达率明显降低(P＜0.01),并呈现剂量依赖性.倒置显微镜、光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜可观察到细胞增殖情况及凋亡的形态学改变.[结论]孕酮抑制宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖,并诱导其凋亡,同时可使抗凋亡基因bcl-2蛋白的表达下降.     

Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo

The aim of this work was to study the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and investgate on the mechanisms of its antitumor effect. HCC was induced by chemocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Wistar rats, that were then treated with As2O3 intraperitoneally in three different concentrations once a day for two weeks, and twice a week for another two weeks. The histological and ultrastructural changes in liver tissue were observed under microscope and electronic microscope on the 7th, 14th and 28th day after drug administration. The apoptosis and cellular dynamic parameters of tumor cells were observed by flow cytometry. The expression of bcl-2, bax, and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of rat liver cancer cells on the 7th day after drug administration was determined by using immunohistochemical technique. Treatment with As2O3 caused HCC cells death via both apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms when the dose was high (5 mg.kg(-1)), while necrosis was rare and apoptosis was common when the dose was appropriate (1 mg.kg(-1)). This effect was obviously accompanied with accumulation of cells in G2/M phases (G2/M restriction). Many apoptotic cells were also found in G2/M phases. The expression intensity of bcl-2 or bax varied depending on the dose administrated. Downregulation of bcl-2/bax was observed, accompanied with upregulation of apoptosis. However, the ratio of bcl-2/bax and the percentage of apoptosis were not the utmost when the dose administered was the highest. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that As2O3 induces apoptosis of rat HCC cells, and it is closely associated with G2/M restriction when apoptosis reaches the top. Apoptosis can be observed in all three phases of cell cycle, but it is more common in G2/M phase when the dose is appropriate. It is suggested that arsenic trioxide may be an atypical cell cycle specific agent. Apoptosis of tumor cells is closely associated with down-regulation of the ratio of bcl-2/bax, but that may not be the only dominant factor.     

As2O3诱导Raji细胞凋亡的基因分析

Objective The effect of arsenic trioxide on apoptosis gene expression of Raji cell was explored when Raji cells were incubated with 0.5μmol/L of arsenic trioxide for 6h。Methods Cell culture,extraction and isolation of mRNA,preparation of probes labeled with fluorescence,hybridization technique of DNA chip(each chip containing 200 apoptosis genes,Chinese Shanghai Biostar,In.)were used.Results Arsenic trioxide induced significant changes in 10%(20/200 genes)of the apoptosis genes:18 genes were downregulated,only two upregulated.In particular,inhibitors of apoptosis protein,such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,were significantly downregulated.P53 and the other apoptosis genes were also downregulatec.Of the upregulated genes,high expression of heat-shock protein could promote apoptosis of Raji cells.Conclusion The inhibitors of apoptosis protein play an important role in the process of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis of Raji cells.     

Arsenic trioxide causes redistribution of cell cycle, caspase activation, and GADD expression in human colonic, breast, and pancreatic cancer cells

Arsenic trioxide is valuable for treatment of promyelocytic leukemia, but less attention has been paid to its therapeutic potential for other cancers. In this study, the effects of arsenic trioxide were tested in human pancreatic (AsPC-1), colonic (HT-29), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. In all three cancer cell lines, arsenic trioxide inhibited proliferation in a concentration and time-dependent manner, as measured by ³H-methyl thymidine incorporation and cell counting. Coincident with inhibition of growth, arsenic trioxide induced marked morphologic changes, including reduced cytoplasmic volume, membrane blebbing, and nuclear condensation consistent with apoptosis. Propidium iodide DNA staining at 24 hours revealed cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and an increase in the S phase, while at 72 hr there was G2/M phase arrest with a marked increase in the sub-G0/G1, apoptotic cell population. The DNA fragmentation induced by arsenic trioxide was confirmed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay in all cell lines. Western blot analysis revealed activation of caspase -3, -7, and -9 by arsenic trioxide. Caspase-3 activity was confirmed by demonstrating cleavage of its downstream target, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Expression of the antiapoptosis protein, Bcl-2, was time-dependently decreased. In contrast, arsenic trioxide markedly enhanced the expression of the p21 protein, GADD45 and GADD153, in a time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that arsenic trioxide has potential as a therapeutic agent for these cancers.     

Arsenic-induced apoptosis in malignant cells in vitro

Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis was identified by morphological change and nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in hematopoietic malignant cells and neuroblastoma cells. Arsenic trioxide directly induced apoptosis in the acute promyelocytic cell line NB4 cells at a low dose of 1 microM, whereas all-trans-retinoic acid caused the cells to differentiate and finally induced apoptosis. In addition to the involvement of caspase 3 in arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis of NB4 cells, the activation of caspase 8 was also shown to be involved by Western blot analysis or by apoptosis inhibition assay using caspase 8 inhibitor Ac-IETD-CHO. The down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein was shown in arsenic trioxide-treated pre-apoptotic and early apoptotic mouse B-cell line LyH7 cells, which overexpress Bcl-2 protein, by the studies of Western blot and immunoelectron microscopy. Arsenic trioxide also induced apoptosis in the majority of neuroblastomas cell lines. The arsenic-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines was mediated by the activation of caspase 3 in all cases tested. In regard to the intracellular content of reduced glutathione in various neuroblastoma cell lines, the level in the cells sensitive to arsenic trioxide was under 40 nmol/mg protein, but the cells having more than 40 nmol/mg protein did not undergo apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine protected neuroblastoma cells from arsenic-induced apoptosis. Therefore, the intracellular glutathione content may be a good indicator of application of arsenic trioxide for various kinds of cancer cells. Our results raise the possibility that arsenic trioxide will be effective even against a solid tumor such as neuroblastoma and warrants clinical trials for patients with other kinds of tumors not only by systemic therapy but also using local therapy.     

三氧化二砷对人食管癌细胞株EC-1的放射增敏作用

目的探讨三氧化二砷(As₂O₃)对食管癌离体肿瘤细胞EC-1的放射增敏作用,并探讨其机制。方法利用多靶单击数学模型拟合放射剂量-细胞存活曲线,观察As₂O₃对食管癌细胞株EC-1的放射增敏作用。流式细胞法观察As₂O₃对细胞周期分布及细胞凋亡的影响。结果As₂O₃对食管癌细胞株EC-1有明显的放射增敏效应,3 μmol/L As₂O₃作用48 h的放射增敏比为1.285。药物作用后G₂／M期细胞比例增加,G₀/G₁期和S期细胞比例减少;细胞凋亡指数增加,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论As2O3对食管癌细胞株EC-1有明显的放射增敏效应。放射增敏的机制可能与As₂O₃抑制EC-1细胞的修复能力、使细胞周期阻滞在G₂／M期、G₀/G₁期和S期细胞减少以及凋亡增加有关。     

抗氧化剂对三氧化二砷诱导HL-60细胞凋亡作用的影响

目的 :探讨细胞内抗氧化剂与氧化砷 ( As2 O3 )诱导细胞凋亡的关系。方法 :采用 HL-60细胞为体外模型 ,采用流式细胞术观察不同抗氧化剂对氧化砷诱导细胞凋亡的影响。结果 :自由基清除剂超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)、过氧化氢酶 ( CAT)、维生素 C ( V-C)和巯基化合物乙酰半胱氨酸 ( CYS)可拮抗氧化砷诱导的细胞凋亡 ;砷制剂主要诱导 HL -60细胞 G2 -M期细胞凋亡 ;氧化砷对端粒酶有微弱抑制作用。结论 :砷制剂与细胞内巯基及自由基清除酶等抗氧化剂结合 ,致使酶活性下降 ,细胞抗氧化能力下降 ,可能是砷制剂诱导细胞凋亡的机理之一。     

氧化砷对NB4和Jurkat细胞周期的影响

目的：研究氧化砷(As2O3)对白血病细胞系NB4、Jurkat细胞周期的影响及对细胞周期及凋亡相关蛋白的调节作用。方法：以MTT、基因组DNA电泳、蛋白／DNA双参数流式细胞术等方法研究As2O3对白血病细胞的作用及机制。结果：随着As2O3作用时间的延长，白血病细胞增殖明显受到抑制，DNA电泳出现“梯”状条带，流式细胞术检出亚G1峰，细胞周期阻滞于G1和G2／M期，部分细胞周期及凋亡相关的调控蛋白表达改变。结论：As2O3通过改变细胞周期及凋亡相关蛋白的表达而抑制白血病细胞增殖和诱导其凋亡。     

Effect of Intravenous Glutamine on Caspase-12 Expression in the Apoptosis of the Glomerular Epithelial Cells of Male Rats Exposed to Cisplatin

Objective: Cisplatin is potent chemotherapy for broad-spectrum malignancies treatment, but its use is limited by organ toxicity effects, including nephrotoxicity. Glutamine prevents cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting the oxidative stress in kidney cell apoptosis. Methods: This research examined the nephroprotective effects of intravenous glutamine on the glomerular epithelium of male rats (Rattus norvegicus). 30 male rats were randomly divided into (1) P0 as the control group; (2) P1 that was administered with single dose cisplatin (20 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneal injection; and (3) P2 that was administered with intravenous injection of glutamine (100 mg/kg BW) and single-dose cisplatin (20 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneal injection. The measurement of caspase-12 expression and apoptotic cells was performed using immunohistochemical methods. Results: The caspase-12 expression are as follows: P0 = 0.5 ± 0.15; P1 = 4.1 ± 0.86; P2 = 2.54 ± 0.72. The apoptotic cells are as follows: P0 = 14.5 ± 5.23 cells/field of view; P1 = 52.7 ± 17.06 cells/field of view; P2 = 31.5 ± 6.73 cells/field of view. There is a decrease in the caspase-12 expression and apoptotic cells after intravenous glutamine administration in male white rats’ glomerular epithelial cells exposed to cisplatin. The decrease of caspase-12 expression is followed by a decrease in glomerular epithelium apoptosis after intravenous glutamine administration. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical examination can be used as a marker of the nephrotoxic effect of cisplatin on the renal glomerular epithelium. Glutamine has been observed to give nephroprotective effect to cisplatin nephrotoxic effects.     

三氧化二砷诱导人骨髓瘤细胞RPMI 8226凋亡的机制探讨

目的:探讨三氧化二砷（As2O3）诱导人骨髓瘤细胞RPMI 8226凋亡的机制。方法:不同浓度As2O3作用RPMI 8226细胞48h后,用MTT法计算细胞增殖抑制率。流式细胞仪检测1.0、2.0、5.0μmol/L As2O3干预RPMI 8226细胞48h后的凋亡率;透射电镜观察As2O3作用前后RPMI 8226细胞超微结构的变化;RT-PCR、Western Blot法检测As2O3作用前后Bcl-2及Caspase-3表达的变化。结果:不同浓度的As2O3对RPMI 8226细胞均有增殖抑制作用(P<0.05）。1.0、2.0、5.0μmol/L As2O3干预RPMI 8226细胞48h后,细胞凋亡率随As2O3浓度的增加而呈上升趋势,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;As2O3干预RPMI 8226细胞48h后,电镜下可见典型的凋亡小体;RT-PCR、Western Blot结果均显示上述浓度的As2O3干预RPMI 8226细胞48h后,Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白表达下调（P<0.05）,Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白表达上调（P<0.05）。结论:As2O3可能通过激活Caspase-3、下调Bcl-2的表达从而诱导RPMI 8226细胞凋亡。     

亚砷酸联合阿米福汀对HL-60细胞中Survivin表达的影响

 目的　探讨亚砷酸（As2O3）联合阿米福汀（AMI）诱导人髓系白血病细胞HL-60凋亡的可能机制。方法　不同浓度As2O3单用和联合AMI对HL-60细胞进行不同时间干预,用MTT比色法检测细胞的生长抑制作用,用半定量RT-PCR法检测抑凋亡基因Survivin mRNA的表达水平。结果　As2O3组和联合组均可显著抑制HL-60细胞的增生,呈浓度依赖性,联合组对其抑制作用明显大于As2O3组。联合组降低Survivin的表达作用比As2O3组更明显。结论　As2O3通过下调抑凋亡基因Survivin的表达诱导HL-60凋亡;AMI可增强As2O3对Survivin的下调作用,增强HL-60细胞对As2O3的敏感性,发挥促凋亡效应。