SHR心肌细胞内钙离子浓度改变与左室肥厚和功能的关系

目的:探讨自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌细胞内钙离子浓度的动态演变规律及其与左室肥厚和功能的相互关系。方法:应用Ca²⁺荧光指示剂Fura-2/AM分别测定了10周龄、22周龄、34周龄SHR心肌细胞内Ca²⁺浓度以及导管法测定了大鼠心功能,并以同龄京都-Wistar(WKY)大鼠作对照。结果:各周龄SHR收缩压(SBP)、心肌细胞内Ca²⁺浓度([Ca⁺]_i)、左室重量/体重(LVM/BW)均明显高于同龄正常血压WKY大鼠,22周龄SHR左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dt_max)低于、左室松弛时间常数(τ)长于同龄WKY大鼠,34周龄SHR±dp／dt_max和左室收缩指数均显著低于同龄WKY大鼠,τ进一步延长;心肌细胞内[Ca⁺]_i与大鼠LVM/BW、SBP-dp／dt_max、τ呈显著正相关(r=0.47-0.83,P＜0.01),与dp／dt_max和收缩指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.46,P<0.05和-0.81,P<0.01)。结论:SHR心肌细胞内钙离子超负荷不仅介导了心肌肥厚的形成,还导致了心肌的收缩和舒张功能障碍。     

铁负荷对离体大鼠心脏和分离心室肌细胞的作用

目的：研究水溶性Fe³⁺和透膜的脂溶性Fe³⁺复合物对心肌功能和心肌脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法：采用离体灌流心脏和酶解分离心室肌细胞模型，检测心肌力学指标、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、丙二醛（MDA）及冠脉流量等指标。结果：FeCl₃缩短舒张期心室肌细胞长度，5、15 μmol/L FeCl₃增加细胞收缩幅度和速度；FeCl₃使灌流心脏LVDP、±dp/dt_max、心率、冠脉流量增大，对心肌LDH、CK释放量和MDA无明显影响。Fe-HQ使心室肌细胞舒张期长度、收缩幅度和±dL/dt_max减小，引起灌流心脏LVDP、±dp/dt_max、心率、冠脉流量先增加后降低的双相变化，高浓度时可使冠脉流出液LDH和CPK量明显增高，心肌MDA增高，心律失常加重。结论：心肌细胞内铁增加可引起心功能受损和脂质过氧化程度增高，水溶性Fe³⁺对心肌细胞功能的影响较脂溶性Fe³⁺小。     

心房钠尿肽对脂多糖所致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的:探讨心房钠尿肽(ANP)对脂多糖(LPS)血症大鼠急性肺损伤的作用和机制。方法: 大鼠静脉给予LPS(2 mg·kg^－1)后立即静脉给予ANP(2 μg·kg^－1),记录动物平均动脉血压(MAP)、检测血浆一氧化氮(NO)和内皮素(ET)浓度、测定肺水含量并做肺组织病理学检查。结果: 给予LPS的大鼠,MAP持续下降,至4 h MAP(8.1±2.6)kPa;血浆NO和ET浓度均显著升高(P<0.01 vs control);4 h肺湿干比(5.15±0.43),显著高于对照组(P<0.05);大鼠肺组织病理学检查呈现肺间质水肿。LPS＋ANP组大鼠MAP在给药初期的短暂下降后逐步回升,至4h MAP(13.4±2.9)kPa(P<0.05 vs LPS);4 h血浆NO水平和ET浓度均显著下降(P<0.05 vs LPS),但仍明显高于对照组(P<0.01 vs control);肺湿干比(4.57±0.35)与对照组没有显著差异;肺组织病理学改变较LPS组明显减轻。结论: ANP对LPS引起的急性肺损伤有治疗作用,能调节LPS引起的动脉血压的持续下降,上述作用可能与ANP拮抗ET的产生、降低NO的分泌有关。     

糖尿病大鼠右心室乳头肌收缩功能的研究

目的: 研究不同时期糖尿病大鼠右心室乳头肌收缩功能状态。方法: 以四氧嘧啶复制大鼠糖尿病模型,在糖尿病大鼠的第2、4、6、8周, 游离右心室乳头肌, 置于氧合台氏液中, 电刺激状态下, 记录乳头肌收缩功能, 与对照组大鼠进行比较。结果: 糖尿病大鼠第4周的右心室乳头肌+dT/dt_max、-dT/dt_max显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。第6周+dT/dt_max、-dT/dt_max、舒张1/2间期与对照组差异显著(P<0.05、P<0.05、P<0.01)。第8周张力增量、+dT/dt_max、-dT/dt_max、+t-dT/dt_max及舒张1/2间期两组比较均有显著差异(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.01和P<0.05)。结论: 糖尿病大鼠右心室乳头肌收缩功能从第4周开始下降, 至第8周最明显。     

鱼腥草注射液抗内毒素性心肌损伤作用的实验研究

目的:揭示鱼腥草注射液抗内毒素诱导的心肌损伤作用的机制。方法:取SD雄性大鼠24只随机分成正常对照组(NC组,n=6),内毒素组(ET组,n=6),鱼腥草注射液+内毒素组(HHI+ET组,n=6)和单纯鱼腥草注射液组(HHI组,n=6),在Langendorff装置上用Krebs-Henseleit(KH)液对大鼠离体心脏行主动脉逆灌。在相应时点以HR、LVSP、LVEDP、LVDP、+dp/dt_max、-dp/dt_max等6项参数为指标,测定冠脉流出液中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及心肌组织一氧化氮(NO)含量、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性。结果:与ET组相比,HHI+ET组在相应时点,左心室压差与心率乘积(LVSP-LVEDP)×HR、LVDP、+dp/dt_max恢复百分率明显改善,对内毒素诱导的心肌SOD、SDH活性的降低和MDA、NO含量的升高有明显抑制作用。结论:鱼腥草注射液具有明显的抗内毒素心肌损伤作用,通过降低心肌中NO的量,增强心肌的抗氧化能力,稳定心肌酶活性和膜相结构等途径,提高心肌对内毒素性损伤的抵抗力。     

内源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子是大鼠对抗心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护因子

目的:观察内、外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤中的作用。方法:在大鼠离体心脏I/R模型上分别给以bFGF和bFGF抗血清,以生理多导仪测定心率、±LVdp/dt_max及左心室终末舒张压(LVEDP)变化,并测定冠脉流量、冠脉流出液中蛋白、肌红蛋白含量、乳酸盐脱氢酶(LDH)活性以及心肌组织钙、丙二醛(MDA)、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量和蛋白激酶(PKC)、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性。结果:I/R组心功能显著低于对照组,冠脉流出液中蛋白、肌红蛋白含量、LDH活性及心肌MDA、钙含量显著升高,ATP含量显著降低(均P＜0.01)。bFGF组±LVdp/dt_max较I/R组分别高42.8％和25.6％,LVEDP低40.0％,再灌末心率/预灌末心率(HRr/HRi)及冠脉流量的(B/A)分别高42.3％和20.3％,冠脉流出液中蛋白、肌红蛋白含量及LDH活性分别少28.8％、30.2％(均P＜0.01)和32.3％(P＜0.05),心肌MDA和钙含量分别少44.4％和35.6％,ATP含量高33.8％。心肌PKC、MAPK活性分别高41.3％和10.1％(均P＜0.01);bFGF抗血清组±LVdp/dt_max较I/R组分别低35.1％和38.1％,LVEDP高92.5％,HRr/HRi及冠脉流量的B/A分别少36.0％和45.4%,冠脉流出液中蛋白、肌红蛋白和LDH漏出分别多54.3%、96.2%和34.4%,心肌MDA和钙含量分别高23.6%和49.7%,ATP含量低27.8%,心肌PKC及MAPK活性分别低20.9%和7.7%(均P<0.01)。结论:内源性bFGF是大鼠对抗心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护因子。     

大鼠肺间质巨噬细胞CCK受体的结合特性

目的:观察大鼠肺间质巨噬细胞(PIMs)胆囊收缩素(CCK)受体的表达亚型和结合特性。方法:用酶消化法结合肺泡耗竭灌洗和肺循环灌洗技术分离纯化大鼠PIMs,超速离心法提取细胞膜,与标记的硫酸化CCK-8(-CCK-8S)进行放射配基结合实验,用非标记的CCK-8S、CCK-A受体(CCK-AR)特异性拮抗剂CR1409及CCK-B受体(CCK-BR)特异性拮抗剂CR2945进行竞争抑制实验,观察配体受体结合的特异性及CCK受体表达亚型,观察孵育时间和温度对特异性结合的影响。结果:正常大鼠PIMs未能检出特异性结合,静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)48h出现特异性结合,且对孵育时间与温度有依赖性。经Scatchard分析,平衡解离常数(Kd)值为:(0.68±0.28)nmol·L^-1,最大结合容量(Bmax)值为(32.50±2.70)pmol·g^-1蛋白。通过竞争抑制实验,-CCK-8S与膜的结合可被CCK-8S、CR1409、CR2945所抑制,其IC₅₀值分别为:(3.20±1.13)nmol·L^-1,(0.19±0.06)μmol·L^-1和(2.30±0.80)nmol·L^-1。结论:大鼠PIMs存在CCK-A和CCK-B两种受体亚型,为CCK对生理及病理条件下巨噬细胞发挥效应提供了直接的结构依据。     

非兴奋性电刺激对正常及心肌梗死兔心功能的影响及其作用的局部性

目的:观察于绝对不应期发放电刺激对正常和心肌梗死(MI)兔在体心脏心功能的影响及其对心肌作用的局部性。方法:64只家兔随机分为正常组和MI组两大组,每组又分为前壁和后壁两组。复制MI模型,4周后每组开胸,窦性心律下,分别于前壁组和后壁组的左心室前壁和后壁,发放绝对不应期方波电刺激(CCM)。观察左心室收缩压(LVSP)左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)及其微分(±dp/dt_max)的变化。结果:正常组前壁和后壁CCM刺激时LVSP及+dp/dt_max均显著大于刺激前(P<0.05),LVEDP低于、-dp/dt_max负值大于刺激前(P<0.05),且不同部位的CCM刺激对心功能的影响不同,左心室前壁的上述作用大于后壁(P<0.05);MI组前壁和后壁CCM刺激时LVSP及+dp/dt_max亦大于刺激前(P<0.05),LVEDP低于、-dp/dt_max负值亦大于刺激前(P<0.05),但前后壁两组之间无显著差别(P＞0.05)。结论:于绝对不应期发放电刺激能明显增强正常和MI后心肌的收缩和舒张功能,CCM刺激对心肌的作用是局部性的。     

八肽胆囊收缩素改善内毒素休克大鼠心肌损伤的实验研究

目的观察八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)改善内毒素休克(ES)大鼠心肌损伤的变化,探讨CCK-8逆转ES心功能衰竭及顽固性低血压的作用机制.方法实验分4组(1)对照组,静脉注射生理盐水0.2mL;(2)LPS组,静脉注射8mg*kg-1LPS;(3)CCK组,静脉注射40μg*kg-1CCK-8;(4)CCK+LPS组,静脉注射40μg*kg-1CCK-8,10min后再注入LPS(8mg*kg-1).股动脉插管监测平均动脉压(MAP),尾静脉穿刺注射药物.分别测定2h、6h心肌组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量变化,用ELISA法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)含量.结果(1)MAP变化对照组MAP为(14.20±1.38)kPa,静脉注射LPS后MAP快速持续下降,75min降至低谷为(7.16±0.59)kPa;CCK+LPS在CCK注入20min时MAP下降幅度与LPS组无差异,20min后即迅速回升,至120min仍持续在较高水平(10.71±0.45)kPa,仍未恢复至正常水平.(2)SOD活性变化2h、6h对照组SOD为(60.51±2.23)×103U/L和(55.97±4.96)×103U/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中SOD活性则明显下降为(48.69±2.30)×103U/L和(34.49±4.69)×103U/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组SOD活性则明显回升为(56.19±1.83)×103U/L和(41.95±7.44)×103U/L.(3)MDA含量变化2h、6h对照组MDA为(3.43±1.76)μmol/L和(3.68±1.58)μmol/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中MDA含量明显上升(19.71±3.02)μmol/L和(36.18±5.26)μmol/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组MDA含量显著下降为(0.39±2.43)μmol/L和(15.10±2.12)μmol/L.(4)NO含量变化2h、6h对照组NO为(37.96±1.85)mmol/L和(41.98±6.59)mmol/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中NO含量明显上升(73.45±8.93)mmol/L和(105.4±3.61)mmol/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组NO含量显著下降为(60.91±3.15)mmol/L和(70.37±7.68)mmol/L.(5)TNF-α含量变化2h对照组心肌组织匀浆中为(320.81±110.63)ng/L,LPS组TNF-α含量明显上升为(1599.08±227.03)ng/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组TNF-α含量显著下降为(863.54±123.19)ng/L.(6)IL-1β含量变化6h对照组心肌组织匀浆中为(163.10±80.20)ng/L,LPS组IL-1β含量明显上升为(620.66±144.57)ng/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组IL-1β含量显著下降为(282.07±92.68)ng/L.结论预先注射CCK-8可以减轻ES大鼠心肌氧化损伤,抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α及IL-1β产生,影响NOS活性,使NO合成下降,发挥心肌细胞保护作用,恢复心肌收缩力,是其逆转ES心功能衰竭及顽固性低血压的主要机制.     

长期TCV116干预对心肌梗死后心室重塑及心功能的影响

目的:研究长期新型血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体阻断剂TCV116干预对心肌梗死(MI)后心肌重塑及心功能的影响。方法:通过结扎冠状动脉左前降支复制大鼠MI模型,1周后将大鼠随机分为:(1)MI对照组;(2)MITCV116治疗组(2mg.kg^-1·d^-1):另设假手术组及假手术TCV116组。22周后检测:(1)血流动力学参数如平均动脉压(MAP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、室内压最大上升和下降速率(dp／dt_max)和左室舒张末压(LVEDP)及心脏形态学指标如左室相对重量(LVW／BW)和左室腔相对面积(LVCA／BW);(2)室间隔存活心肌中β肌球蛋白重链(βMHC)、B型钠尿肽(BNP)、转化生长因子β₁(TGF-β₁)、I型和III型胶原(collagenI、III)基因的mRNA表达;(3)存活率。结果:MI对照组与MITCV116治疗组间总体MI范围无显著差异(34%±14％vs33%±13%,P>0.05)。MI对照组LVW／BW和LVCA／BW显著高于假手术组(P<0.01),βMHC、BNP、TGF-β₁、collagenI和III基因的mRAN表达显著大于假手术组(P<0.01);同时MAP、LVSP、dp／dt_max显著低于和LVEDP显著高于假手术组(P<0.01),也伴随着生存时间显著缩短(P<0.05)。TCV116治疗组,LVW／BW和LVCA／BW与MI对照组比无显著差异,βMHC、BNP、TGF-β₁、collagenI和III基因的mRNA表达低于MI对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);与此同时,MAP、LVSP、dp／dt_max显著高于及LVEDP显著低于MI对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),并伴随着生存时间的延长(P<0.05)。结论:长期血管紧张素II1型受体阻断剂干预能显著改善心肌梗死后大鼠心室重塑及心功能。     

The therapeutic effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide on rat liver and kidney microcirculation disorder in endotoxic shock

Objectives: Our previous studies demonstrated that pretreatment with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) could alleviate endothelial cell injury and reverse abnormal vascular reactivity as well as reduce LPS-induced inflammation cascades, which suggested that CCK-8 plays a potential role in anti-endotoxic shock. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of CCK-8 on rat liver and kidney microcirculatory perfusion disorder under endotoxic shock (ES) conditions.

Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to lethal endotoxic shock by an injection of LPS. CCK-8 was administered 30?min after LPS injection. Either a specific CCK-1R antagonist or CCK-2R antagonist was injected before CCK-8 treatment. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), liver and kidney microcirculatory perfusion, and heart rate (HR) were recorded with a multi-channel data acquisition system. The serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr) were measured, and the histopathological changes in the liver and kidney were also observed.

Results: Administration of CCK-8 significantly delayed the LPS-induced decreases in not only the liver and kidney microcirculation perfusion but also the HR. The pathology changes induced by LPS in the liver and kidney tissues were significantly mitigated in the LPS?+?CCK-8 group. The levels of ALT and Cr in the serum of the LPS?+?CCK-8 group were obviously lower than those in the LPS group. In addition, the specific antagonist at the CCK-2 receptor (CCK-2R) abrogated the action of CCK-8 significantly.

Conclusions: These results indicated that CCK-8 has potential therapeutic effects on microcirculation failure in an ES rat model via the CCK-2 receptor.     

八肽胆囊收缩素对内毒素休克时大脑皮质损伤的影响及其机制初探

目的：观察八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对内毒素休克（ES）时大脑皮质损伤的影响，并探讨其可能的机制。 方法： 将日本大耳白兔经静脉注入脂多糖（LPS，8 mg/kg）复制ES模型。32只家兔随机分为对照组、LPS组、CCK-8+LPS组和非特异性CCK受体拮抗剂丙谷胺（Pro）+LPS组，每组8只。监测平均动脉压（MAP）变化，光、电镜观察大脑皮质的组织形态学改变，比色法检测大脑皮质NOS和SOD活性、NO和MDA含量的改变。用SD大鼠 （12只，同上复制模型及分组） 以免疫组织化学染色法观察大脑皮质iNOS和nNOS表达的变化。 结果： 注入LPS后，MAP明显持续低于对照组（P<0.01），大脑皮质组织水肿，iNOS和nNOS表达增强，NOS活性、NO和MDA含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.01），SOD活性显著低于对照组（P<0.01）。预先注入CCK-8可明显减轻上述变化，预先注入丙谷胺Pro则加剧以上变化。 结论： CCK-8可减轻ES时的大脑皮质损伤，其机制可能与其抗氧化作用和抑制NO的过量生成有关。     

缓激肽在依那普利对心肌梗死大鼠心肌肥厚及心功能影响中的作用

目的:探讨依那普利(enalapril)对大鼠心肌梗塞(M1)后心肌肥厚及心功能的影响是否与其抑制缓激肽(BK)降解的途径有关。方法:将大鼠随机分为:①假手术对照组(sham-operated control),②心肌梗死组(MI),③依那普利干预组(MI+enalapril),④依那普利和BKB₂受体阻断剂Hoe-140共同干预组(MI+enalapril+Hoe-140),⑤血管紧张素ⅡⅠ型受体阻断剂losartan干预组(Ml+losartan)。3个药物干预组从MI术后第3d开始给药,持续4周,然后测定左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、+dp/dt_max及左心室重/体重(LVW/BW)、左心室非梗死区组织的平均(每核)心肌细胞体积,并进行组间比较。结果:3个药物干预组的LVEDP、LVW/BW及V(m)n均低于MI组(均Pp/dt_max和MI组相比无显著差别。3个药物干预组之间平均动脉压(MAP)无明显差异,但Ml+enalapril+Hoe-140组的LVW/BW及V(m)n的值却高于MI+enalapril组。结论:Enalapril可阻抑大鼠MI后的心肌肥厚并改善左心室功能,这种作用的部分机制是由于其促使了心肌组织BK的积累,即BK参与了enalapril阻抑心肌肥厚及改善心功能的作用,且这些作用不依赖于血压的影响。     

L-硝基精氨酸对大鼠LPS性肺损伤的实验治疗研究

目的:观察一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N^G-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NA)对LPS性肺损伤的影响。方法:采用静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)复制急性肺损伤大鼠模型。将40只SD大鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、LPS模型组、L-NA高剂量(20mg/kg)、中剂量(10mg/kg)、低剂量(5mg/kg)治疗组,经腹腔注射,实验过程中监测大鼠平均动脉压(MAP),定时取静脉血测定血浆中NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量,于规定时间处死大鼠,迅速取出肺脏,观察LPS引起大鼠急性肺损伤后肺系数、肺水肿情况和肺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化,以及L-NA的治疗作用。结果:L-NA可明显升高MAP,降低肺系数和肺含水量,减少血浆中NO₂^-/NO₃^-含量,可显著降低肺组织中NOS活性,减少MDA含量,增强SOD活性,减轻肺损伤。结论:L-NA对LPS性肺损伤具有治疗作用,且随剂量增大作用增强。     

丹参对抗缺氧/复氧引起的大鼠心室肌细胞收缩和细胞内钙的改变

目的:观察丹参在常氧和缺氧/复氧过程中对心肌细胞收缩和电刺激诱导的细胞内钙([Ca²⁺]_i)瞬态的影响。方法: 采用酶解分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞化学缺氧模型, 用视频跟踪计算机系统和细胞内双波长钙荧光系统分别观察心肌细胞收缩力学和[Ca²⁺]_i等指标。结果:丹参(1-9 g/L)处理后降低心肌细胞最大收缩和舒张速率、收缩幅度以及电刺激诱导的[Ca²⁺]_i幅度, 且呈剂量依赖性。缺氧后, 与对照相比细胞收缩力和钙瞬态幅度降低、舒张末细胞长度缩短、舒张末钙水平增高;复氧后细胞收缩力、钙瞬态幅度和舒张末钙水平有所回复, 但不能达对照水平。用3 g/L的丹参处理后, 缺氧/复氧引起的心肌细胞最大收缩和舒张速率、收缩幅度和电刺激诱导的[Ca^2＋]_i幅度高于单纯缺氧组, 舒张末[Ca²⁺]_i水平低于单纯缺氧组。结论:丹参可对抗缺氧/复氧引起的大鼠心室肌细胞收缩力降低和细胞内动态和静态钙的变化。     

The T-type calcium channel blocker mibefradil reduced interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and improved hemodynamic parameters in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac failure in rats

Fibrillar collagen accumulates within the interstitium and around coronary arteries following cardiac failure and is responsible for abnormal myocardial stiffness and reduced coronary performance associated with impaired cardiac function. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of long-term treatment with the T-type calcium channel antagonist mibefradil on myocardial remodeling and cardiac function after chronic myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in male Wistar rats. Animals were assigned to sham-operated, placebo-treated or mibefradil-treated (10 mg/kg per day p.o.) MI groups. Treatment with mibefradil was started either 7 days before, 24 h after, or 7 days after ligation and continued for 6 weeks after MI. At this time point, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and cardiac contractility (dP/dt_max) were measured in conscious rats. Morphometric parameters were determined in picrosirius red-stained hearts: total heart weight (THW), interstitial and perivascular collagen volume fraction (ICVF, PCVF), myocardial infarct size (IS), vascular perimeter (VP), inner vascular diameter (IVD) and media thickness (MT). Six weeks after MI, MAP and dP/dt_max were decreased, and LVEDP was increased in placebo-treated animals. In mibefradil-treated animals whose treatment started 7 days before or 24 h after MI, MAP and dP/dt_max were higher, and LVEDP was lower than in placebo-treated controls. THW, ICVF, PCVF and MT were higher in placebo-treated animals. Mibefradil treatment resulted in higher ICVF and IS, higher VP and IVD (when started 7 days before MI) and lower PCVF and MT (when started 7 days before or 24 h after MI) than were observed in placebo-treated controls. Chronic treatment with mibefradil reduced interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and improved cardiac function in MI-induced heart failure in rats. Cardiac remodeling was best prevented when treatment was begun before the ischemic event. Received: 16 March 1999 / Accepted: 23 August 1999     

Circulatory depression and ventricular arrhythmias induced by compound 48/80 in anaesthetized rats

The effects of graded doses of compound 48/80 on various cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were studied in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats. Following intravenous injections, this compound significantly depressed the mean blood pressure (MBP), left ventricular pressure (LVP) and d_LVP/dt_max, and caused ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) and death. Heart rate (HR) response were variable, and there were no marked changes in airway resistance or blood gases. Pretreatment of the animals with either cimetidine or diphenhydramine significantly prolonged the time of onset of VT/VF but failed to alter the changes in other circulatory variables. A combination of cimetidine and diphenhydramine significantly alleviated the decreases in MBP and LVP and prevented the occurrence of VT/VF. It is suggested that the circulatory depression and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias following the administration of compound 48/80 result from activation of H₁- and H₂-receptors by elevated blood histamine levels due to release of the amine from tissues.     

内源性CO/NO在CCK-8逆转内毒素血症大鼠低血管反应性中的作用

目的:探讨HO-1-CO-cGMP和NOS-NO-cGMP细胞信号转导通路在八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)逆转内毒素血症大鼠低血管反应性中的作用。方法:按照整体用药将大鼠分为4组:对照组、LPS组、CCK组及CCK+LPS组;用离体血管环张力测定技术,观察胸主动脉环(TARs)对苯肾上腺素(PE)累积收缩反应;分别用一氧化碳(CO)供体正铁血红素(He)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)抑制剂锌原卟啉(ZnPP-IX)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)底物L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)选择性抑制剂氨基胍(AG)、NOS抑制剂N^ω-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NNA)、鸟苷酸环化酶(sGC)抑制剂亚甲兰(MB)预孵育后,测定TARs对PE的收缩反应。结果:单独应用CCK-8对血管张力无明显影响;预先注射CCK-8可明显逆转LPS所致的低血管反应性;LPS及CCK+LPS组TARs用ZnPP-IX或AG孵育,可部分逆转这种低血管反应性;经L-NNA或MB孵育,可使低血管反应恢复正常;用He或L-Arg孵育可不同程度加重低血管反应状态。结论:CCK-8本身不激活HO-1和iNOS,但可影响LPS诱导的HO-1和iNOS活性上升,减少CO/NO合成,从而使cGMP含量下降,对逆转内毒素血症大鼠低血管反应性有重要作用。     

The effect of left dorsal and ventral ansa subclavian transection on cardiac changes during behavioral stress in dogs

Alterations in heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVP), and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development (LVdp/dt max) during a 13 day Sidman shock avoidance task were studied in 3 groups of four chronically prepared dogs. In one group of animals the left dorsal and ventral ansa subclavian nerves were transected between the stellate and the caudal cervical ganglia. The second group of dogs was a neurologically intact, experimental stress group, and the third group was a neurologically intact, nonstress control. The intact stress group demonstrated phasic increases in HR and LVdp/dt max during the avoidance period of each day as well as tonic increases in HR, LVP, and LVdp/dt max during the 13 days of the experiment. The nerve transection animals showed no evidence of consistent phasic increases in any of the parameters during the avoidance period. Tonic levels of LVP and LVdp/dt max in the transection group were not significantly different from controls, but tonic levels of HR remained elevated. These results suggest that the integrity of the left ansa subclavian nerves is necessary for stress induced change in LVP, LVdp/dt max, and phasic increases in HR during the avoidance period of each day. However, right cardiac sympathetic, vagal and/or afferent influences are apparently responsible for stress induced tonic changes in HR.     

Changes in myocardial capillary diffusion capacity during infusion of vasoactive drugs

The present study investigated how variations in coronary vascular resistance and metabolic demand affected myocardial capillary diffusion capacity. Hearts from Wistar rats were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit-albumin buffer in a Langendorff preparation, where heart rate (HR), contractility (dP/dt_max) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO₂) were recorded continuously. Myocardial capillary diffusion capacity was measured as the permeability surface area product (PS) for Cr-EDTA and vitamin B₁₂ by the single injection colorimetric indicator dilution method. After base-line recordings without drugs, angiotensin II + arginine-vasopressin was infused, which increased coronary vascular resistance by 90%, stimulated HR by 11%, decreased dP/dt_max by 21% and reduced MVO₂ by 4%. PS_Cr-EDTA and PS_B12, decreased by 24 and 27%, respectively, leaving the ratio PS_Cr-EDTA/PS_B12 unchanged indicating unaltered capillary permeability. Moreover, the reductions in MVO₂ and PS correlated significantly. During vasodilation: (1) nitroprusside-NA stimulated HR by 7% and decreased dP/dt_max by 14%; (2) adenosine reduced dP/dt_max by 37% and decreased MVO₂ by 9%; and (3) isoproterenol increased HR, dP/dt_max and MVO₂ by 53, 76 and 9%, respectively. However, all three vasodilators reduced PS_Cr-EDTA and PS_B12 in parallel by 7–25% leaving PS_Cr-EDTA/PS_B12 unchanged. Thus, maximal estimated diffusion capacities were obtained during spontaneous coronary vascular tone, most likely reflecting maximal capillary recruitment in the Krebs-Henseleit-albumin perfused heart. The derecruiting effects of the vasoconstrictors were partly overridden by metabolic factors, while the reductions of PS after vasodilation more likely were due to increased heterogeneity in coronary flow.